Isivinini siye saba amandla aphawulekayo ekuzijabuliseni nasekuzibonakaliseni kwempucuko, silolonga indlela izindaba ezicatshangelwa ngayo futhi ezibonelelwe ngayo ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Kusukela kuma-flipbook adwetshwa ngesandla kuya kuma-fotofic mediaturesme, i-memode ibilokhu iqala ngokubona iziteshi ezikhuphula umhlaba ezazama ukubekela inselele imihlangano yezobuchwepheshe nezokulandisa. Lesihloko silandelela isikhathi semidwebo yemifanekiso eqoshiwe, iqokomisa imisebenzi yazo yomshini we-injini yezandla nethonya elihlala njalo embonini yembulunga yonke.

Umvubukulo Wokulandisa Ngezindaba Ezivivinyayo

Izimpande zesivinini zidlulela ngalé kwenkathi yamafilimu, namathoyizi abonakalayo afana ne-zoet rop ne-praxinoscope ekhanga izilaleli ekhulwini le-19. Nokho, kwakuwukwakhiwa kwezindlu zokukhiqiza ezinikezelwe ezaguqula imidwebo yaba ezobuciko bezentengiselwano. Izimboni zakuqala zakha izinqubo zesisekelo .(cel metation, i-active, ne-cond - mediating stom ilandisa indaba − okungachaza i-eardiodrose.

UWinsor McCay Nenkathi Yeproto-Studio

Ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amahlelo angokomthetho, abadwebi ngabanye abanjengoWinser McCay babonisa amandla ezifanekiso. U-1914 mfinyezo uGinisie iDinosaur wasebenzisa ubuntu obuhambisana nokwenza, emisa ipulani yezinkanyezi eziphilile. Umsebenzi ka McCay', ngokuvamile ukhiqizwa ngeqembu elincane labasizi, waqinisekisa ukuthi isithwebuli singathwala isisindo esingokomzwelo nobubanzi, siveze isisekelo sesimiso sokusebenza esilandelayo.

Walt Disney Studios (1923)

Iqanjwe nguWalt noRoy O. Disney, isakhiwo sokuhlola saba yisici esifanayo namandla okushada nomfanekiso ngemva kokukhululwa kwesikebhe esinesilinganiso esiphezulu uWillie ngo-1980]. Njengenye yezinto ezihlekisayo ezihambisana ne-ault egcwele umsindo, sasungula uMkey Mouse emhlabeni futhi sabonisa amandla okushada umsindo nomfanekiso. Ukuphishekela okungapheli kwezinga eliphezulu kwaholela kwikhamera egqebheneyo, i-Technicolown, nesithombe sokuqala esineminwele esinemibala eminingi, i-Diffney esendaweni njengemboni. Ukubuka okuningi ngezenzakalo zakuqala, ukuvakashela [FLDY:] i-FOLTY]

Fleischer Studios (1921)

UMzalwan ’ uMax noDave Fleischer bakha umdwebo wezobuciko owaziwayo nge-asthetic ne-surreal. Izimpawu ezifana ne- Popeye ne Betty Boop baba yi-op [umfanekiso wesiko ngokunyakaza, ukunyakaza kwenjoloba okwenziwa ngenqubo esemthethweni ye-roboscopec, elandela ukuthi i-spertage ephilayo ukuze idaye i-figsc. I-studiopy yabuye yaveza izizinda ezintathu zezinga-diququququ ze-iz kanye ne-jaz-in-infish yenkathi yangaphambi ye-Code. Indlela yabo yokubukeka egqamile yamuva yathonywa ngokuqondile nese-engile.

ULotte Reiniger Namaphayona AseYurophu Ayizingcezu

Nakuba kungewona umkhakha omkhulu wezentengiselwano, iLotte Reiniger's isebenza ngezimpawu zesithunzi eJalimane phakathi nonyaka ka-1920 imelela intuthuko eyinhloko yezobuchwepheshe. Isici sakhe Udwendwe lweNkosana Akhamedid[ [1926] lungesinye sezici ezindala ezisasele, esebenzisa izibalo zamaphepha ezicaciwe kanye nokukhanyisa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kuhlola kwakuqala kokulandisa ngemininingwane yendaba nemishini eminingi yekhamera efana nezinhlelo ezakhelwe ngaphambili zeDishney, kuveza isimo sezizwe zonke zezenziwombili.

Inkathi Yegolide Yesifanekiso (1930s -1950)

Phakathi nalamashumi eminyaka, izifanekiso zavuthwa zaba imboni yokuzijabulisa egcwele. Izithombe zemidlalo zasesiteji zaqala ukulindelwe ngokulangazela njengamafilimu aphilayo athatha isinyathelo, futhi amashadi ancintisana ngonya ukuze akhiqize okumangalisayo nokuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Ama-roster anwetshwa, ukulandisa kwaqala ukuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, futhi kwabekwa isisekelo sezici ezibonisa ukudambisa imingcele yobudala.

Izithombo Zemoto (1930)

ILeon Schlesinger-enziwa opopayi ngaphansi kweWarner Bros. Ibhanile lasungula isitayela sendlu esichazwa ngobuntu obufana nobudala kanye nomlilo osheshayo. Bugs Bunny[, , [[FLT]] Daffy Duck[, [[FLT], [[FLT]] [[FLT]]] [4] PHOLT] PH [[FLT]] u-P] wabugqwa inja abaqondisi be-Tex Avery, Chuck Jones, no-Bobmastett. Isibopho sokwenza isikhathi, ukuxoxa, ukuhlikiselwa kobuntu, nokuziphatha okudindiwe, kwayibeka, ukwenza umtako wokwane, wakhanya phakathi, wakha i-fidiomdeza i-mfunda yemifidiotikelele i-yodwa kanye kanye kanye kanye ne-yokusetshenziswayokusetshenziswayokusetshenziswa

IMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer Cartoon Studio

I-MGM's shod commet, iqiniswe ukufika kweTex Avery futhi kamuva uWilliam Hanna noJoseph Barbera, baveza ezinye zezici ze-iconic i-stadiomash. Tom noJerry bakhipha ngo-1940 futhi baqhubeke bethola izikhawu eziningi ze-Academy Adcademy phakathi kwe-irtuo emeaddy nohlobo olumhlophe. [[FLTLT:2] u-Avery's's sh Hood[[FLT], wafaka imikhawulo yemisholo engenangqondo kanye nokuzihlekisa, wabekela imingcele yalokho okungashiwo yi-falp.

Ukukhiqiza Okuhlangene KwaseMelika (Upa) Nokuqala Komklamo Wanamuhla

Ukusuka ekuhlaseleni kwango1941 eDisey nasenkathini yempi yokwenza amafilimu, i-UPA yahlukana ne-pinic eningiliziwe ngokuhlanganisa i-style, ibala elicacile eliphefumlelwe ubuciko banamuhla. Gerald McBoing-Boing[[FLL:1] (1950) kanye noMnum. Magoo uchungechunge olulinganiselwe lwasebenzisa izimpawu ze-aestensicssss medicity kunezindleko zokusindisa. Lefilosofi yaphinde yasebenza kuyo yonke imboni, ishukumisa yonke into esuka kusenzeko lwezehlakalo zethelevishini oluncane olubonwayo kamuva ekukhiqini.

Ukunqoba Kwezici Eziyinhloko Ze-Grandy

Umkhiqizo wenkathi echumayo wesibhakabhakeni phakathi kuka-1973 no1967 wachaza kabusha lokho izilaleli ezazikulindele esenzekweni. USweet White kanye ne-Seven Dwarfs (1937]) kwafaka ubufakazi bokuthi upopayi ogcwele ubude be-pointstiki kungaba yibhokisi-iposthouse. Ukulandela amafilimu anjenge Pinocchio [[FLT:] [[FLT] [1940] [1940], [[FLT] [indlela] ububanzi bebo lwezinsipotime], [[FLT] ubuhle] [FLT] [FLT] [5] [5] [5] [5] [i] [i] ubuciko obuphakemeyomzweyo, ukudweba, nokuhlanganisa inqubo yomculo.

Izifanekiso Ziya Kuthelevishini (1960s -1970)

Njengoba amaphutha emidlalo yemidlalo yeshashalazi ayencipha, ithelevishini yaba i-pane entsha. I-curicate engazi lutho kodwa evundile, i-creens encane yakhuthaza isizukulwane sabalingisi abangalibaleki namasiko angoMgqibelo. i-Studios yazivumela ukuba zilungiswe ngezindlela zokulungisa ezilinganiselwe zokuthwebula, okuholela ekusebenziseni okusemqoka masonto onke kanye nokuthunyelwa kwembulunga yonke kwesiko loopopayi baseMelika.

Hanna-Barbera Productions (1957)

William Hanna noJoseph Barba banqoba ithelevishini ngesibonelo sokukhiqiza esagcizelela ukusebenza kwezwi elinamandla, izizinda eziphinde zaguqulwa, kanye nokuhamba okuncane. [[FLT:] (60]) laba yisihlalo sokuqala esinesikhathi esiphambili, kuyilapho Scooby-Doo, Apho Wena! [[FLT:]] [[FLT]] [196]] [12] [12]] [FT],[FT] [FT],[5]

Abangane Bebhayisikobho (1962)

Ukufilimi kwaziwa ngezenzo zayo zezenzo-eventure nenhlohlo ye-superhero, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa izilandelano eziphiciwe ezinemininingwane eminingi yokunyakaza. Yena-Manu namaMaster eNdawo Yonke[ [19983] iphupho elihlangeneyo ngezifundo zokuziphatha, kuyilapho ngaphambili libonisa njengo Albert noCosby Kids[FLT] basingatha izimpikiswano zomphakathi ngokuqondile. Indlela yabo yokuxoxa ngezihloko ezithenjiwe ngokweziciso ezihambisanayo nokuthembela kakhulu emifanekisweni yezenzweni kutho ethonya ukukhula kwe-franchies nasemiklalweni yezingane eminyakeni eminingi ezayo.

Ukwanda Kwe - TV YaseJapane I - Anime

Lapho ama-studio aseMelika ebusa intshonalanga, iJapane yayizakhela eyayo isisekelo sezehlo se-televis. I-Osamu Tezuka’s Mushi Production yakha i-Astro Boy (1963), uchungechunge lokuqala oluthandwayo lwamaJapane oluzohamba emoyeni e-U.S. Isimo sokuthwebula izifanekiso esilinganiselwe, esiqhutshwa ngemidwebo eqinile nangendlela yokugxila ezinwini ezicindezelayo, ekugcineni lwavela kwi-ayiyes ae espective athetic. Le proces encilanisa imbewu ye-cultrawle embulungeni embulungeni yonke kamuva ekhulwini.

INkathi Yenguquko Yezinombolo (1980s - 1990)

Inkathi yekhono lokusungula izinto nesiyaluyalu sobuchwepheshe, kulamashumi eminyaka abona ukudweba ngesandla kuphoqelelwa emingceleni yakho futhi kwabe sekusetshenziswa izithombe zecomputer. Umncintiswano weStudio wabhebhethekisa igagasi lamabhayisikobho afuna ukuvelela akhanga kokubili izingane nabadala, ebuyisela izimpawu njengendlela yobuciko yezithombe zebhayisikobho engathi sína.

I - Pixar I - Studios Yesipopolo (1986)

I-CGISCSC. Isici sokuqala se-Pixar , Toy Story (1995]), kwakuyifilimu yokuqala yekhompuyutha ehlangene ne-computer futhi yaguqula i-metactry offilters. Ngefilosofi [[FLT:] ingukumkani , i-studio yalandela nge-rensont engokomzwelo ishaya njenge [[FLT:] futhi yashintsha i-Ne-[FLT], [FLT:], [FLT], [FFFFFT] ne-FLT] ibuye imboni ye-orgoctive.[5]

Imisebenzi Yephupho Isivinini (1994)

Iqanjwe nguSteven Spielberg, uJeffrey Katzenberg, noDavid Geffen, iphupho iSKG ngokushesha lazenza uphawu lwalo nge Antz[[[FLT]][[1] futhi i-pop-movesting [ Shrek [2001] [2001]. Ihlayayayayayaya, izikhombo zabadala, ne-fuirty-feityfily-tatualtura kwabonisa ukuthi izici ezizivelelayo zingaba yi-awazo ekwazi ukuwina iOsross nebhokisi elikhulu libuya. Iqembu eliphethe i-franckis [FLDictive] futhi i-Plung [FFFD] ne-FT]

Studio Ghibli (1985)

Isakhiwo esasungulwa nguHayao Miyazaki no-Isao Takahata, le ndawo yokuhlola yaseJapane yaba nento eyodwa nemifanekiso ehlaba umxhwele edwetshwe ngesandla kanye nokulandisa okunemidwebo ejulile. Amafilimu anjenge Owam Home Totoro [1988] [Izimo ezidalwe [ [2001] [izuze i-OSCTY] I-OFOT OSC [weave, i-Melistism, nenganekwane ezinganekwane ezingenisweni ezikhangayo zonke. Ghiblies ukwenqaba ukwamukela imibhobho egcwele yemiculo yobuciko yayo yakuqala yezenkalo nephefumlelweyo yonke isizukulwane semidwebo emhlabeni wonke.

Izifanekiso Zesilisa Sase - Aardman (1972)

I-Aardman yaseBrithani yaqopha indawo nge-misa-umlenze wobumba kanye nesithombe esiphansi kakhulu. Wallace & Gromit uchungechunge, iqala nge uSuku Oluhle Out[, kanye nophawu [[FLT:] [4] [] CRICEN [[[FLT:]] [2000]) lubonisa i-frem-me-neeacts arective-mscreat nothando nge-mask. Impumelelo ka-FLT [ult] i-aglect, i-'ikhutholo lwesandla elihlolweyo lombukiso, nezimpawu zayo ezithandekayo emhlabeni wonke.

Ikhulu Lama - 21 Nangemva Kwalo: Impi Yembulunga Yonke

Inkulungwane yeminyaka entsha yandisa ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ehlukahlukene yobuchwepheshe bezemishini, ukusakazwa, nethonya lamasiko. AmaStudios azalwa ngenkathi yokusetshenziswa kwemishini esetshenziswayo, ukubambisana kwembulunga yonke, kanye nokubonisa njalo ukuthi angakwazi ukuveza izinto ezihlanganisa zonke izitayela nezilaleli. Imigqa phakathi kwezithombe ezivelele, izihloko zethelevishini, nemithombo yezindaba ehambisana nezincwadi iyaqhubeka ifingqa.

I - Sky Studios (1987-2021)

I-Sky Studios, ekuqaleni indlu ebonayo, yaduma ngenkathi [[FLT: 0] ye-frantie. U-2002 waqala ukusungulwa i-Scrat, ingwejeje ebizwa ngokuthi i-aber-tood enemicu exubile eyaba uphawu lwe-corn-chas engokomzimba e-CGI. I-proprietary i-propersonator ishoboza uboya nezicubu ezikhethekile, futhi yanezela ekunwetshweni kwemicimbi ye-computer esheshayo ngalé kwemingcele ebekwe amaphayona okuqala.

Laika Studios (2005)

ILaika esekelwe e-Oregon yamukela ubuhle bokungapheleli ekunqamuleni ukushukuma, ihlanganisa ubuso obusheshayo no-3D obushicilelweyo ukuze kuphumele ukubukeka kobuso okungakaze kube khona. Coline[ 09], , [FLT]Parager [[[2]Norman][[[FLT]]] [202] , [20202] , [20] ,[[FLT] Kbo kanye namalufa amabili [FLT:] anikezela ngenkungu elimnyama, (2020] okubonakalayo okuyekisa izingxoxo zekhono ezivamile zentshubulo-ndlu. Laika ukuzinikela ekusebenziseni ikhono lokwenza amafilimu kanye nencukuhlu.

Ukuzijabulisa kokubulala (2007)

Amafilimu anemibala egqamile, anezinga eliphezulu, i-Illunication wakha igolide nge- IMe engenakuxegiseka kanye nezimpawu zayo, imincili. I-Illuminution igxila ekukhiqizweni kwemali (ngokuvamile ukusebenza ngeqophelo le-fulethi le-Mac Guff) kanye namahlaya amakhulu asemhlabeni wonke, aphumela kwezinye zamafilimu anezinhlebo eziveza imibala ephezulu kakhulu aso sonke isikhathi. Indlela yabo yokuhamba kwembulunga yonke iveza indlela ukukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi yezokusebenza kwesimo sanamuhla.

Isivinini Sezithombe Ze - Sony (2002)

Imifanekiso ye-Sony Pictures yaqala ngemibukiso enjenge-CGI inkathi evulekile kanye Surf's Up[ kodwa ngempela yathola izwi layo ngokuphula komhlaba [[[FLT:]] ISABA]: ku-Sidupider-Madoda [[[FLT]] [[FLT]] [2017]]. Ifilimu ihlangene i-stylective 2D-bookthetics ngokusika-ge 3D, yenza umphumela we-mdwebo obungakaze ubonwe ngaphambili. Lolulimi olubonakalayo luthotyelwe yi-spectivessss engcono engcono kakhulu yezensicience.

I - Cartoon Network Studios NeNkathi Yenguquko Yabaqondisi

Isivinini sethelevishini sabona ukwanda komdali-driven kwemibukiso ekuqaleni konyaka ka- 2000. UCartoon Network Studios waveza [[FLT: 0] iDexter’s Laboratory, i-Sobuff Girs , futhi kamuva [[FLT:]] Adventure , eyandisa lokho i-epixsodic elandisayo kungaba yikho. I-Frediator Studos eveds-irteds uchungechunge olufana nophawu olude kakhulu. [FLTFLD:] [FLT] [FT] [5] ne-FTTT] [5]

Isiphetho

Uhambo lwamagumbi okuhlola izifanekiso luyindawo yokuvuselela njalo-kade i-ink nopende osususelwa ekukhiqizweni kanye nasekuguqulweni kwangempela. Inkathi ngayinye ikhiqize imisebenzi yokwakha imishini yemidlalo ebonisa amathuba esayensi kanye nendlela yokusebenza yamasiko ngesikhathi sayo. Njengoba amapulatifomu amasha namachibi ethalethale lembulunga yonke ekhona, iziteji ezake zachaza i-meopic manje zihlanganyela isiteji nabakhiqizi abazimele kanye nezindlwana zamandla asemhlabeni wonke. Nokho inkathi engaphakathi iyaqhubeka ingashintshiwe: ikhono lezifanekiso lokuletha izwe elingenakulungiseka nezimpawu ezingakholeki ekuphileni, ifremu.

  • UWinsor McCay – Gertie the Dinosaur (1914)
  • Walt Disney Studios – Isikebhe iSteam Willie (1928)
  • Fleischer Studios – Popeye (1933)
  • Imishini Ye - Internet — I - bunny
  • UMGM Cartoon Studio – Tom noJerry (1940)
  • UPA – Gerald McBoing-Boing (1950)
  • Disney’s Golden Age – Sleeping Beauty (1959)
  • Hanna-Barbera – The Flintstones (1960)
  • Pixar – Toy Story (1995)
  • Imisebenzi Yephupho Yezifanekiso – I - Shrek (2001)
  • Studio Ghibli – Spirit Awade (2001)
  • Aardman – Wallace & Gromit: Isiqalekiso se-Are-Rabbit (2005)
  • Laika – Coline (2009)
  • I-Sony Pictures Isivinini – Indoda yesicabucabu: ku-Verse-sicabucabu (208)

Kuwo wonke umbono womlando wezifanekiso, iqukethe i-Animatic Network yezwe eqhubekayo ehlanganisa izinhlelo ezintsha zezimboni, kanye no-Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences igcina izinqolobane zezinqolobane ezinamandla ezinikeza umongo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo komphico.