Simulcuding − ukuhambisa isenzakalo esifanayo esiphilayo esiya kumasiteji amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa(-) sekuye kwaba indlela yokuhamba phambili yabasakazi abafuna ukufinyelela impumelelo. Kodwa impumelelo ye-simulcast ihenjisis esicini esingacabangi ngako konke kuze kube yilapho ichitha okuhlangenwe nakho: ukulibala. Igebe elincane phakathi kwesenzo esiphilayo nalokho okubonakala esibukweni kungase kubonakale kuncane ephepheni, kodwa lingaphuca umlingo womphakathi owenza uphile ngokunelisayo. Uma ipulatifomu lishelela imizuzwana embalwa nje ngemva kwesinye, ithelevishini yezenhlalo iqhuma ngeziphakalisi, amagumbi okuxoxa angenamandla aphela. Ukuqonda indlela lokhu kulibala okubonakala ngayo, indlela ababuka ngayo ukuziphatha, nalokho okungamelana nabo kungabangela ukuthandwa kakhulu.

Yini Ewukulibala Ukugeleza Futhi Kungani Kubalulekile?

Ulibaziseko lwe-temply, oluvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-lashncy, isikhathi esithatha ingqikithi yezimpawu ze-video ukusuka kwikhamera kuya kumboniso wesibonisi. Ezweni elilungile, i-liter ingaba yize. Ngokwenqubo, zonke izinyathelo zeketanga lokusakaza zenezela ingxenyana yomzuzwana: ukuhlanganisa, ukupakisha, ukudlulisa, ukusakaza okuqukethwe (CDN), nokukhipha okokugcina esithweni. Ingqikithi yale microplass ingafinyelela kalula ku-15 kuya ku-45 yemizuzwana, noma ngaphezulu (ngemifudlali ephilayo).

Kusimulcast, inkinga iyanda. Indawo ethatha indawo ingahlela umsuka ofanayo ozodla ngesisekelo sawo somzi wesisekelo, wenze ukulibala okuhlukile. Umbonisi we-YouTube Live kungaba imizuzwana eyishumi ngemva kwesikhathi sangempela, kanti umngane ohamba e-Tutch ungemva kwemizuzwana emine kuphela. Lokho kunciphisana komqondo womzuzu owodwa, okuyikho kanye okudonsela izilaleli ukuba ziphile izenzakalo. Ukucwaninga njalo kubonisa ukuthi uma kufika isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzwana engu-15, ukufingqa imizuzwana enjengesikhathi esichithwa ukubuka, ukuxoxa, nokuhlanganyela komphakathi konke kuhle kakhulu. Ngokufushana, ukulibala akuwona nje umbhalo wezobuchwepheshe obufana nowodwa.

Umqondo Wezobuchwepheshe Wokulibala Kwesifuthefuthe

Ukuze ubambeke kakhulu, kudingeka uqale uqonde amagiya awenzayo. Loluhambo luqala ngokufakwa kwezimpawu zekhamera ehlelwa efomeni ecindezelayo njenge H.264 noma H.65. Ukuzifaka ngokwako kwenezela ukulibala okuncane kodwa okungenakugwenywa, imizuzwana embalwa, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa ama-4karage aphezulu. Lo mfula ocinene ufakwa eziqwini ezincane − ngokuphindwe kabili 2 kuya ku-10 imizuzwana ngayinye e-HLS noma i-HPH.NTH. Isigaxa ngalinye kumelwe likhishwe ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokuba lithunyelwe, okuthiwa kancane kancane kunyakaze isigamu sesigamu.

Uma nje lezi zigaxa zishaye i CDN, umdlalo uyashintsha. Ibanga le-ecoographic phakathi kwesisekelo sesiqalo nesibonisi linezela isikhathi sokudluliswa. Isibonisi eTokyo sizobona umfula ovela eNew York ngokungenakugwenywa sizobona ukubambezela okuthatha isikhathi eside kunothile eNew Jersey, ngoba nje ukukhanya kungahamba ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisetshenziswa somboni siqu kumelwe sivale isilinganiso esithile sokwaziswa ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukudla, ukwenezela esinye isindla sesivikelo sokuvimbela ukuvinjelwa. Zonke lezi zingxenye ezinyakazayo zichaza ukuthi kungani “ukuphila” ngokuvamile kuphila.

Ukuvala ithusi

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa imiqondo emibili izibukeli ezivame ukuyenza iqine: ukuvala ithumbu nokuphela kwe-preprepre preplay. Ukugcina ithumbu kwenzeka uma umdlali ethwebula imizuzwana embalwa yevidiyo ukuhlanganisa i-hiccup yenethiwekhi; ukuthi ukuvala kuqala kwenezela ekubambekeni okucatshangelwayo kodwa futhi kuvikela umfula ekushisekeni kobuqhaqhazeli kamuva. Ukufika kwesikhathi kuphelele ekuboniseni, kuhlanganise nokudlulisa, kanye nomdlali wesinqolobane ngaphezulu. Umsele onomsindo onamandla ungase ube nokwephuza okukhulu kodwa ube nokuphazamiseka okuncane, kuyilapho umfula ophansi ungathambeka kakhulu ekuthinteni ukuxhumana okungantengi. Ukuthola ukuhweba okulungile kungokunye kwezinselele ezisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

Ithonya Elingokwengqondo Lokulibala Kombukeli

Phila okuqukethwe kuchuma esithembisweni se-immedia. Lapho izibukeli zibona izenzakalo ziqhubeka ngesikhathi esifanayo nezinkulungwane zabanye, zifaka amandla angokomzwelo athé xaxa. Zijabula, zigalela, futhi zisabela ndawonye. Ukuhlola okushicilelwe Limelight Networks ( ISigorime se-Online Vidiyo 2023) kwembula ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-40 eziphila i-fractrand angenway ibingalahla i-tedio uma ukulibala kuba “kungakholeki” uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amapulatifomu. Lento enengqondo ngokuvamile iqala ukuzizwa isuka ngaphandle emizuzwana engu-12 ye-Eliter.

Ukuguguleka kwesivumelwano kuyabonakala ngezindlela eziningi. Ingxoxo, enye yamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu okwakha umphakathi, isuka ekuphukeni. Uma ingxoxo yakho elandelanayo ibonisa ukusabela emgomweni owenziwe imizuzwana engu-30 edlule, noma ubani obuka ukudla okusheshayo useye wathatha isinyathelo. Imibuzo ehambisanayo, nenkathi yangempela ye-Q&Aseth iphelelwa amandla. Umphumela uwukubuka okungacabangeli okufana nekhombazwe elingu-31", imigomo ethembekile yezilaleli eyenza ukuba izinhlelo ziphile ngendlela ewusizo kakhulu kubakhangisi.

I - “Spoiler Dilemma” ne-Second Xanalver Savince Media

Ukuphakama kokuziphatha kweso kwesibili kuye kwaguqula ukufika kwesikhathi komshini wokuphanga. AmaFan avame ukuhlola u-TikTok, noma i-app enikezelwe lapho ebuka isenzakalo esiphilayo. Uma izibalo ezingokomthetho zibhala imizuzwana emibili ngemva komdlalo, kodwa umfula wesiculo ubonise ukuphuka komsindo, umlingo uphukile. “lenkinga ye-piler” iyisizathu esikhulu sokungathembani kwezibukeli eziphezulu zemidlalo. Ukuchayeka imishini ephanga iholela ekukhandleni kokukhathala kwamanzi; izilaleli zifunda ukufuna ukudla okutholakala ngokushesha kakhulu, ngokuvamile zishiya isikhulu se-simevale. Insimbi iyisizathu esikhulu sokusebenzisa izitha eziphambili.

Isibukeli Sizigcina Sisekhona Nendawo Ka - 1566

Ukucwaninga kwezemisebenzi, kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa okwenziwa nguWowza ( i-Low à Larect Live Hometing Guide), kusikisela ukuthi isibonisi siqala ukwehla ngokulinganayo kanye kanye lapho sekwephuzile okunqamule uphawu lwe-1576send sekondi. Ingadlula imizuzwana engu-30, ukuncipha kushesha; izibukeli eziningi zimane zishintshela emthonjeni ohlukile noma zisuse ngokuphelele. Kungenxa yemigqa ephezulu yama-“scupea izenzakalo ezinjengemidlalo noma umkhiqizo, umzuzwana wonke owengeziwe ungaguqula izigidi ezilahlekela izibuko ezikhona. Lezo zinkomfa lapho izilaleli zishiya iqothini nje kuphela.)

Izimfashini Nempi Yazo Yokulwa Ne - lag: Ukuhlaziya Okuqhathanisayo

Akuwona wonke amapulatifomu agelezayo akhiwa ngokulinganayo empini ngokulibala. U-YouTube Live, Tutch, Facebook, Live, kanye nabasanda kungena njenge-Amazon Prime Vide bonke basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene obuveza izimpawu zesikhathi esishiyile kakhulu. Ukuqonda lokhu kungafani kusiza abakhiqizi be-simucastle ukuba bakhethe ukuthi bangayisebenzisa kuphi imizamo yabo.

Twitch, owenziwe ngokusuka emhlabathini ukuze udlale, uhambisa imifudlana ebanzi ngemizuzwana emibili kuya kwemihlanu lapho usebenzisa indlela yayo ye-Low Latency, ngenxa yokuhluka kwe-HLS kanye ne-CDN yembulunga yonke. UYouTube Live, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iye yanda ngokwendalo ngemizuzwana engu-15 kuya kwengu-30 emihosheni emiphakathini evamile, nakuba i-Prime Fidernvior i-Move Latpency" indlela yayo ingaletha cishe ku-5 kuya ku-8. I-Facebook Live nge 10=159 kuya ku-15, kodwa ukudlala kungahlukahluka kakhulu kuye nge-send ngendawo ye-server. Okwamanje, ividiyo ye-Amazolime idlalime idla idla idla idla idla idla idla idla ngokukhiza kakhulu, idlalelwa kakhulu kwezenyuk-109222%,22,222222,222,222, ngokulingana ne-ilinganiyo cishe ividiyo.9.9.9.9

Kuma-simulcast, lokhu kuhlukahluka kuyinkemba eqinile ephindwe kabili. Umthombo owodwa othunyelwe kumapulatifomu amahlanu ungafika kuma-creens anezibukeli nge 20presend. Ukuhlanganisa lezo zenzakalo manje akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwecebo elihlangene lokusakaza, [1] into engekho ithuluzi elixazulula ngokuphelele namuhla.

Imithetho elandelwayo ephansi: I-LLGAHLS v. vs ye-WebRTC. SRT

Imfihlo yalokhu kungafani kokwenza ixhomeke kumthetho olandelwayo. I-Low à Latency HLS (LLHLS) ka-Apple ihlukanisa izingxenye zevidiyo zibe iziqeshana ezincane eziyingxenye encane, ivumela umdlali ukuqala ukudlala ngaphandle kokulindela ingxenye ye-676sekondali egcwele. Lokho kunciphisa ukulibala njengemizuzwana emibili kuya kwemihlanu. I-WebsterRTC, eklanyelwe ukuxhumana kwangempela kwesikhathi, ingasunduza imuva ngemizuzwana engu-500, yenze ibe isilinganiso segolide semidiyamu yezingxoxo ezibonisa izinkulumo ezithathelwana. Nokho, amasampula angalindeli amakhulu ngaphandle kwezisebenzi ezikhethekile. I-SRT (Indlela ethembekile yokuthutha) iphisana, ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukunikeza (ukuthutha i-electedssting) ngoba incike kakhulu.

Kubenzi be-simulcast, ukukhetha kwemithetho elandelwayo eqophelweni ngalinye kuthonya kakhulu okuhlangenwe nakho kokugcina kobubuki. Ukuntanta okujulile kwe-Grangeing Media ( i-Great Low pretency Live Millating Dilemmation) kuphawula ukuthi ukuya ku-LLLÍHLS noma i-WebRTC akusona isinqumo sobuchwepheshe esinemiphumela ethinta wonke umbhobho womkhiqizo, kusukela kwizinhlelo zokukhetha i-CDN.

Umphumela Wenzuzo: Abakhangisi, Abaphangi, Nesikhokhelo Se - curn

Ukulibala akuzikhungathekisi izibukeli kuphela izenzakalo zewotshi noma izintaba. Uma umfula ungemva kwemizuzwana engu-20 yokusakaza, ukukhangisa okusekelwe kuyo kuxhomeke ekuthembiseni isikhathi esingu-88. I-preplaroll, phakathi kwe-"%roll, futhi izikhangiso ezilayishiwe zikhonzwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ngokuvamile uhambisana nezenzakalo zewotshini yemidlalo noma izintaba eziphezulu. Uma umfula ulandela imizuzwana engu-20 ngemva kwesiteshishi, ukuvala ingxenye ephilayo kungadiba ifasitela ngokuphelele, kukwenze kube okungasebenzi. Abakhokhi abakhokhela ukuhlanganisa izikhangiso ngo-66 trainvad balindele ukuba isango labo livele lapho izilaleli ziphezulu; ukulibala kungasho ukuthi isilinganiso esikhona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhokhelo ezisekelwe kumaplatifomu zibona ukuxhumana okubonakalayo phakathi kwe-lashcy ne-pager. Umbiko we-Parks Associations ( Ukusakaza Ubuhlungu Bezingcingo ) wathola ukuthi “ukubhaxazulula nokwehlisa” kwakuphakathi kwezizathu ezintathu eziphezulu ezibangela ukuba abathengi bacishe inkonzo yevidiyo ekhokhekayo. Kumhlaba wemidlalo encintisanayo futhi uphile izenzakalo, umsele olibala ungasunduzela abasekeli bembani eqongelele kakhulu ezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu. Ngisho nokungavumelani okuncane okubambekayo okungaphoxazululwa amazinga uma ukwethembeka kocingo kusemgqele.

Ukulibala Kwemifula: Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yabakhiqizi Bezimpondo Ezicijile

Ukuhlehlisa ukulibala e-intshini ebanzi ye-simulform kuyinselele eyinkimbinkimbi kodwa engenakulungiseka. Kuqala ngokuqonda okucacile ukuthi akukho projectin àbullet ezakuvumelana neqophelo ngalinye, kodwa inhlanganisela ye-computer ehlakaniphile, ukukhetha imithetho elandelwayo, necebo leCDN kungaletha ukulibazisela emgqeni owamukelekayo.

Ukukhetha Isivumelwano Sokungena Kwechibi

I-lective yokuqala ukukhetha i-protocol ekhethwayo eqophelweni ngalinye. Ukuxhumanisa phakathi kwekhamera yakho nenkonzo yokuxhumana yamafu kungasika ukufika kwesikhathi kokuqala ngaphansi komzuzwana owodwa. Ukuze kudluliswe i-LLLÍHLS, lapho ikhetha khona i-plut lapho isekelwa i-platform iveza khona inzuzo ephawulekayo. Uma i-simucast ihlanganisa izinto ezihambisana nekhamera yakho kanye ne-injini yokuxhumana yamafu, cabangela i-WebRTC ka-partC enikezelwe ngaphansi komzuzwana, ngisho noma ividiyo enkulu ihlala isesitejimisweni esingaphezulu kakhulu. Isihluthulelo siwukuvivinya amakhono eqopheli ngalinye kanye nemishini ngokunjalo; uma imishini eminingi manje inikeza izinto ezihambisana nokuhambisa okunciphileyo.

Izakhiwo Nesimiso Esiphethe

I-geneographicccy ilawulwa yisayensi yesayensi yemvelo, kodwa ungakhohlisa kancane ngokuhamba usondela eduze kwezilaleli. I-computer ethumela ama-computer e-CDN ingadlulisa i-code nothis e-raptic futhi ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ikhiphe isikhathi. Ukusebenzisa indlela ebanzi yokuvikela i-STUN ngokuvikela inganciphisa inani lemijaho yenethi phakathi komthombo ne-ingingingi. Abenzi be-CDN abanganika i-oveltrans abaphathi be-trapy esholown imikhiqizo, njenge-Akamaive Mediave Media Regate ngezimpawu eziphansi ze-prentatated'''''''''''''izimpawu zangempela ze-ply egcwele i-5, kungasiza njalo izibukeli ezihambisana nemizuzwana emizuzwini embululweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugada amathuluzi alandelana eqophelweni ngalinye ngesikhathi sangempela kukwenza ubone ukugudluka kwe - billrates noma ubukhulu besigaxa sempukane. Inkonzo enjenge-Mux Data noma i-Bitmovin Analytics ifaka la ma-metric mabhodi ngokuqondile eshaywe ngamabhodi, okwenza ukuba ukuhlinza kubonakale ngendlela edinga ukuqhuma kwenkinga ngaphambi kokuba izibukeli zikhononde.

Iziphazamiso Zesikhathi Esizayo: NgaseSikhathini Esingokoqobo

Izinqubo eziningana zobuchwepheshe zibangela ukuba ukufika kwesikhathi esingaphansi kwesine sesigamu sesigamu sesigamu sesigamu sesigamu sesigamu sesigamu sesigamu sesigamu sesigamu sesigamu sezwe kube ngokoqobo.

Isithembiso Se - 5G Ne - project

Isimiso seminyango ye 5G sithembisa ukuncipha okukhulu kwe-nethinet ehambayo kanye nobubanzi obuphakeme, okusiza izibukeli ezihambayo ngokuqondile . . ingxenye ekhula ngokushesha yezilaleli eziphilayo . Ihlanganiswe ne-computating ephetheyo, lapho imithombo yamafu isendaweni esemadolobheni eseduze nokuqeda abasebenzisi, i-data yebanga kumelwe inciphe ngokuphawulekayo. I-5G kakade ihlolwa ukudluliswa kwenkundla nge-exper\tototoprendism ngaphansi kwemizuzwana emibili, isibalo esikhona abasasazi besiko abangaphupha ngaso kuphela.

Phambi kwe-protocol, ukusunduza ku-Common Media Semfort (CMAF) ngokudluliswa okunesigaxa sokuhlanganisa i-gradetable ephansi enqamule imishini. I-CMAFNNGIEES LLHLS ne-DASH inganikeza umsele ofanayo ophansi we-platable eqondeneyo kuya kuyo yonke into kusukela kuma-Telefoni nama-mfono-mfono-m. Okwamanje, ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kuqala ukudlala indima: imishini yokufunda ingabikezela ukuminyana kwenethi yenethiwekhi kanye nobukhulu obuncane noma i-mithinadabo egcina i-engile i-etafile ukuze igcine i-tem, i-elenable i-d, ngaphandle kokudlulisa okunzima ngaphandle kokungenela komuntu.

Njengoba lobubuchwepheshe bukhula, umqondo “wokusetshenziswa kwesambulela” ekugcineni ungaba ongenakuphenyeka. Izisekelo ezinjengoPhenix RealÍTime zibonise ukuhanjiswa kwesandi esingaphansi kwesandi sesandi ngezenzakalo ezinkulu, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi okukhiqiza akhona kuyathuthuka. Ukuze noma imuphi ummemezelo wokugcina ukuthandwa kakhulu, ukuhlala uhambisana nalezizinto ezintsha akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila asisheshi ngaphambi kokuba izilaleli zibone.