UkuVukela Njengephupho Elilodwa: Indlela Izici Eziyinhloko Ezashintsha Ngayo Ukukhululeka KwaseMelika

Impi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yaseMelika ifana nenye eqhubekayo, ethatha i-saga qhaqha, ehlanganisa ingxenye eyodwa ekulandiseni okukhulu kwenkululeko yomuntu. Izikhathi zayo ezibucayi azinqumanga nje kuphela isiphetho samakoloni angu-13 kodwa zithumela ama - scawave embulungeni yonke kodwa zithumela ukushaqisa kohulumeni, ukuguqula inguquko, nokuguqula umqondo wokuzilawula. Ukuqonda indlela ukuqoqa ukuvukela okuhlukanisayo okuhambisana nesenzakalo esihlanganisa umhlaba wonke, kumelwe sihlole izimpawu zokushintsha kokungaqiniseki okuguqula ukunqoba nokuvukela kwezwe lonke okwakuzoba yinguquko yezinga elivelele. Ukuguqula ukwakheka kwezindawo okuhlelekile, ukunyakaza kwemizwa, ukuxhumana, ukuxhumana nokukhuthazela.

Isiphepho Esihlanganisayo: Izimbangela Zenguquko

Phakathi kwekhulu le-18, ubuhlobo phakathi kweGreat Britain namakoloni ayo aseMelika babugcwele izingxabano eziyandayo. Ngemva kweMpi ebizayo yaseFrance neNdiya (1754-1763), iBrithani yafuna ukubuyisela izimali zayo ngokumisa izintela nemithetho “‘ iSugar Act, iStamp, neTownshend Acts Greater. Amasosha, ayengawakhethi ePalamente, amelana kakhulu nesimiso “sokukhipha intela ngaphandle kokuyimelela.” AmaPronotes, amabhuthi, nezibhicoholishi, agqashuka ngokuphawulekayo, eBostonstracre of 1770 neBoston Party Party of 1773. EPalamente, yadlula i-Coercracts , eyaziwa kakhulu eMelika ekwaziwaneni eMassaceston ukulawulwa nokuvithwa kwethenwa kwethenwa kwethenwa i-Boston. ISikhalo se-Expose.

Ukushintsha Ingxenye 1: Lexington neConcorda – The Shot Ezwiwa Umbhoshongo Womhlaba

Isinyathelo sokuqala esingalungiseki sokuzimela senzeka ngoApril 19, 1775. IBrithani yathatha njalo iBoston ukuze ithathe izinto zempi zamakoloni ezigcinwe eSivumelwano. Yaxwayiswa abagibeli kuhlanganise noPaul Revere noWilliam Dawes, amasosha endawo ahlangana eLexington Green. I-stitufflet yaqala ukudubulana ne-milev. Ngo-Madollant futhi yadubulana kuqala (amabutho angu-8) afe. I-British yacindezela ukuba i-Conconording, kodwa ibhekane nokumelana nokuvinjelwa eNorth Bridge, lapho amasosha akhona ayesebopha i-mile ehle enzile eBhubheni elula imfucumfucu ewu, ewuzwa amandla asabekayo e Boston. Ngezinsuku zosuku, abalwano bamabutho amakoloni anamandla kakhulu ayengeke abonise ukuthi izikhali bempi abakhona, futhi bengenakumelana naka inguquko enkulu kakhulu. Kodwa ingcuphenynsuse. URalson Evelson empileyleyleyleyleyleyle

Isigaba 2: Isimemezelo Sokuzibusa – Umshini Wokuziphatha Nesezimboni

Uma iLexington neSivumelwano zabangela impi engokoqobo, iSimemezelo seSivumelwano senkululeko sanikeza injini yaso yokuziphatha nefilosofi. Samukelwa yi-Continental Congress ngoJuly 4, 1776, iphepha, elibunjwe ngokuyinhloko nguThomas Jefferson, lenza okungaphezu kokunqamula ukuhlangana kwezombangazwe neBrithani; laveza umbono womhlaba wonke wamalungelo abantu. Ukuveza umbono wolwazi lokuQondanisa iNguquko njengoJohn Locke, iSimemezelo sagoqolo sagomela ukuthi “bo bonke abantu badalwe ngokulingana” namalungelo angenakungenamdlandla, nenkululeko yokuphishekela injabulo” nokuthi ohulumeni bazuza“ amandla abo okulungile emvumeni yokubuswa.” Ngokuzama ukulwa kwempi ngaphandle kokuvukela intela nje kodwa njengesizathu sokulunga senkululeko, ukushisekela imibuso yezombangazwe yaguqula imibuso yezizwe embulungeni. Ibuye yavulela futhi yaveza ukuphikisana kwemibuso yezizwe zezombangazwe.

Isigaba 3: Impi YaseSaratoga – Impi Yokunqoba

Impi yalengiswa yimpi kwaze kwaba sekwini ka - 1777, lapho izimpi zase-Saratoga enyakatho yeNew York zinikeza ukunqoba okumangalisayo kwaseMelika okwaguqula yonke impi. Icebo laseBrithani elihloselwe ukuhlukanisa iNew England ngokuthatha i-Hudson River. UJenene John Burgoyne wahola impi enkulu eseningizimu yaseCanada, elindele ukuhlangana nezinye izinsika zaseBrithani. Kunalokho, wazithola egcwele amabutho aseMelika ngaphansi kwe-Honative Gates, uBenedict Arnold, noDanice Morgan. Ngemva kokulwa ngonya eHyhost Homester’s Farm (Step neBeacer, i-Beacerteb) neBemis (Octe 7), izikhali zempi eziwudlayo emhlabeni wonke, izikhali eziwusekelayo, izikhali zomhlaba eziwusekelayo, izikhali zempi eziqinile kanye nezinkulu ezimbili, zingawusekela uhulumeni zezwe, futhi zivukele izikhali zezizwe ezimbili zamazwe zomhlaba eziwusekela amazwe ezimbili ezingu - cishe ziphinde zingene i - 76.

Ukushintsha Isigaba 4: Isigodi SaseGqunu - Ithonya Lokuzivuselela

I-Fonge, i-Valley Forge, iPennsylvania, phakathi nobusika buka177-1778, ikhunjulwa kancane ngenxa yempi kunasekulweni enzima ukukhuthazela nokuguqulwa. Ngemva kokulahlekelwa iPhiladelphia ukuya eBrithani, uJenene George Washington’s Continal Army wabuyela ekamu, lapho amasosha ayebhekene nenkathi ebuhlungu yezingubo ezingafanele, indawo yokukhosela, imfuculo enciphilekayo, nokuswela ukudla okungapheli. Isifo, ikakhulukazi i-typhunsifu ne-humo, esiye sabulala abantu abangu-2 000. Kodwa impi eyavela entwaneni yekhulu le 1778 yayihlukile kakhulu empini ebhidliwe eyafika. I-Friedrich Wilhelm Streen Berenben, isikhulu sempi yamabutho amabutho amabutho amabutho aphakeme kakhulu futhi ayesekwe impompompompo yamabutho amabutho avamile, futhi impompompa iqoqoswa iqoqozwe iqoqo lempi yamuva yempi. [evrensi yempi yamanje] futhi, futhi iqoqo

Isigaba 5: ISiege of Yorktown – Igalelo Lokugcina

Igalelo lokugcina lempi laqala ekwindla ka-1781 eYorktown, eVirginia. UJenene waseBrithani uCharles Cornwallis, eseye wazama ukuhlasela i-Chorda, wasusa ibutho lakhe lasenyakatho eNhlonhlweni yaseVirginia, wamisa indawo eqinile eduze koMfula i York. Washington, wathatha indawo evulekile, wahlela ukusebenza okuphambili kwamabutho aseFrance. Imikhumbi yaseFrance ngaphansi kwe-Admiral de Grasse yavala i-Chowall Bay, yaqala ukuvingca i-Ceake Bay, kuyilapho ibutho lempi lamabutho eBrithani licishe amadoda angu-17 000 (8) kanye ne-American, i-1981) i-okelele ibutho lempi eliphambili lase-Combeaulterce egcwele impela kakhulu, i-Melikane. Ibutho lase-Australia laqala ukuviniaseya eBrithani, i-19, i-1981, i-E. Impondoumphane yempi enyuka ngokufu enyuka ngokufu, impela, i-nyu

Ukwanda Komhlaba Wonke: Umshikashika Wombuso Wembulunga Yonke

Kulula ukubheka iMpi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo njengendaba yaseMelika kuphela, kodwa ukuhileleka kwemibuso yaseYurophu kwandisa impi yabalwa embulungeni yonke. IFrance, iSpain, ne-Dutch Republic konke kwabona ithuba lokuhlola ukubusa kweBrithani. iSpain yamemezela impi eBrithani ngo1779, hhayi ngokuyinhloko ukusiza i-Gibraltar ne-Florida; amandla ayo alwa ne-Gibraltar, awenzelwa ukuthatha i-Cyript no-Missississippisbon Valley, athatha iBaton Rouge noPensaco. I-Dashi, edonshiswe yimpi eBrithani emelene nodwetshwe ukuhlasela kwayo, yanezela umfutho lwempi. IBrithani manje kwadingeka ukuba ivikele impahla yayo eCaribbean, iNdiya, neNgilandi, lapho isakaza khona impi yayo enciphene kakhulu. Lendawo yokudlala imidlalo yempi emhlabeni wonke, yayisebenza njengenani elikhulu kakhulu le-Rtototo York, futhi yayise, futhi yangenisa imfuthonyela ingcebo enkulu kakhulu.

Ngalé Kwempi: Izinkinga Zezenhlalo Nezombangazwe

Imiphumela yokunqoba kwaseMelika yafinyelela imingcele ye-United States entsha. ISimemezelo senkululeko saba yisifekele sezimpi ezalandela, ngokuphawulekayo sithonya iNguquko yaseFrance (1789) neNguquko yaseHaiti (1791-184). Ulimi lwaso lwamalungelo emvelo olutholakele ezinhlanganoni zezenkululeko ze-Latin America ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, esasiholwa yiSimí Barvar noJosé de San Martín. Ngisho phakathi kwe-United States, inhloso yalenzalo yokuvukela yakhuthaza izimpikiswano ngobugqila, amalungelo abesifazane, nenkululeko engokwenkolo, ukutshala izimbewu zezinguquko zesikhathi esizayo. Izinguquko zezezwe zempi ezombangazwe zenza izifunda zonke izigaba zezentengo zeze, futhi imibuso yamuva yezenyuka imibuso yezwe yaseMelika kanye neyasembubhishobhishobhisi. Imibono yeze yokuziselwa kwezwe futhi inguquko yamuva kwezwe lamazwe amaZwe amaZwe amancane, nakubantupho anciphiswe ngokushesha, inguquko yamelana nakuwokuwoku. Imibono yamuva yamuva yabangela ukuphakama

Indima Yabesifazane, AbaseMelika AbaNsundu, NamaMelika Omdabu

Inguquko ayilwiwanga nje kuphela amasosha amhlophe. Abesifazane banikela njengabalandeli bekamu, abahlengikazi, nezinhloli; amanani anjengo-Abigail Adams wafuna amalungelo abesifazane, noMartha Washington alondoloza ukuziphatha okuhle eValley Forge. AmaMelika aseAfrika, akhululekile nagqilaziwe, akhonza eZweni LaseContinentalia Army naseButhweni Lase, efuna inkululeko. Abantu abaningi ababesebugqilini babheka amaNgisi njengabakhululi, njengoba amaPatriot, kuyilapho amaNgilandi anikela ngemvume kulabo ababalekela amakhosi abo avukelayo; izinkulungwane zalwa ngenxa yenkululeko, nakuba kamuva abaningi babuyiselwa noma babuyiselwa e-Rena Scotia nase-Sierra ne-Sierra. Izizwe eziningi ezivamile zaseMelika ezigcwele ukukhohlakalelwa inguquko ezindaweni ezigcwele inhlekelele, kodwa ezingokwabantu abampofu, kanye nezinye izigebengunxa ezithi, kanti ezinye iziNdoki, zikhetha ukukhothonye izakhamuzi zempi, zikhuthaza ukuba zivukele izakhamuzi eziningi zeMelikane.

Ifa Eliyifa: Indlela Amaphuzu Ashintshayo Akha Ngayo IRepublic

Sibheka iMpi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo njengengxenye eyodwa kuphela, futhi i-Rhountal iveza ukwazisa kwethu ngendlela inkathi yokushintsha ngayinye exhomeke ngayo kwezinye. I-lexington ne-Concordad yabangela umlilo; iSimemezelo sawunikeza incazelo; uSaratoga wawina incazelo ebalulekile; i-Flayge yakha ibutho elikwaziyo ukuwina; futhi iYorktown yanikeza igalelo lokugcina. Lihlobana nohlelo loshintsho oluhlangene. Le mizuzu ibonisa ukuthi lenguquko yayingesona isiphetho esiqinile kodwa iqoqo lezenzakalo ezithi zivumelane, ukuhola, nokungenela kwezizwe kwadlala izindima ezithakazelweni. Futhi impi yabeka isisekelo seSivumelo soMthetho seMpilo se - 1787, lapho izikhululo ezikhona ezingenisweni ezisalokhu kuhlangene, futhi ishiye khona izivumelwano ezinkulu zenkululeko nembumbusweni ezisembulukweni. [F.] [Foctives], kulezi zingunxandedwa kwezinguqu zempi, izikhulu zembulunga ebumbenye emhlabeni wonke, njengoba iqaphela iqaphela izikhulunye futhi ziqaphela i