Minyaka yonke, izigidi zabantu zihlangana ezikhungweni zomhlangano, emahhotela, nasembuthanweni emhlabeni wonke ukuze zigubhe izindaba, abalingiswa, nemiphakathi ebaluleke kakhulu kubo. Lemibuthano − yaziwa nje njengemihlangano noma izibopho − iye yakhula ngenxa yokuhlangana okuseduze kwezithakazelo ezifanayo zezemizwa efana nezemizwa exubile eziklanywe kakhulu, eziklanyweni eziklanywe ngokuklama, eziqala imisebenzi yemisebenzi, futhi zichaze ukuthi isho ukuthini ukuheha. Kungaphezu nje kwezentengiselwano noma ukuhlangana kwezindawo eziphambili, imihlangano isebenza njengezikhumbuzo eziphilayo zomlando we-fandom, ithathe izenzakalo ezishintshayo, ubuchwepheshe, nokwehlukahluka. Ngokulingisa ukuziphendukela kwazo, singabona ukuthi lezizenzakalo ziye zaba izenzakalo zezempucuko yangempela.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwesandomu Ehlelekile

Izimpande zempucuko yomhlangano zisebusweni bekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, lapho abafundi bomagazini bezindaba eziqanjiwe zesayensi beqala ukufunana ngaphandle kwezincwadi. Lokhu kuxhumana okuyimfihlo ngokushesha kwaholela ekubeni kube khona emihlanganweni ye-person, benombono wokuthi isithakazelo sabo sokucabanga ngezindaba eziqanjiwe saqala ukufana nobuso obusebusweni. Umbuthano wokuqala obhalwe phansi owenziwe wafana nomhlangano wanamuhla kwakuwumhlangano we-19361 wesayensi, iqembu elincane eDolobheni laseNew York. Kodwa lesi senzakalo saziswa kakhulu njengomhlangano wokuqala wezindaba zesayensi eziqanjiwe zaqala ngoJuly 2, 1939, eDolobheni. Igama leNy I, ladweba nje abantu abangu 200 ababekhona eCarly ukuze balalele izinkulumo, ukuphikisana ngeziqu zolwazi, nokuhlangana kwababhali bolwazi. [FLDithmose] [1914] INhlangano yezenyukthe nonyaka wagcina ukwakhiwa, futhi umhlangano wezwe lonke.[19]

Okwakwenza lezi zinkinga zakuqala ziphawuleke kakhulu yisimo sazo sokuzithandela, esingasasebenzi ngokusebenza. Uhlelo oluhleliwe, lunyatheliswe ama-farzine, futhi lwaphikisana ngekusasa le-gener. Ukugcizelelwa kwakusekukwakhekeni komphakathi kunokuba kube yinzuzo, futhi le-etos isalokhu izwakala emihlanganweni eminingi namuhla. Kulawomakamelo okuqala, abahlanganyeli babengebona nje abathengi abangenzi lutho kodwa ababenengxenye ekhuthele, ithonya elinamandla elaliyoba uphawu lwemihlangano ye-avermond kuyo yonke i-genres. Iminyaka yawo-40 no-1950 yabona ukusakazeka okuqhubekayo kwemibuthano yezesayensi yezifunda ngaphesheya kwe-United States ne-United Kingdom, ngalinye libe yi-microm yolwazi olukhulu, kodwa kancane kancane ihlanganisa ezinye izithakazelo, i-miculo, nezithombe zobuciko.

Ukuhamba kwesiphambano kanye nokuvela kwezehlakalo ezineziphethu eziningi

Phakathi nawo-1970, impucuko yamafemom yaqala ukuqhekeka futhi iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ifane. Abafeyi bezincwadi zamaComic, ababevame ukuhlobana nabathandi bama-sci-fi kwasekuqaleni kwezwe, baqala ukuhlanganisa izenzakalo zabo siqu ezinikezelwe. Unyaka obalulekile weza ngo-1970 lapho iqembu elincane labaqongeleli bamahlaya behlela i-Golden State Comic Comic eSan Diegon, isenzakalo kamuva esaba iComec-Con International [. Ekuqaleni kwagxila ezincwadini zamahlayezo, imiboniso yamabhayisikobho, nezindaba eziqanjiwe zesayensi, lobuthelo ekugcineni lalizokwehlela kwesinye sezenzakalo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni, ukudweba kwayo okuzidlula unyaka ngamunye.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umhlangano wezindaba wabekwa ochungechungeni lwethelevishini njengo Star Trek waqala ukuvela. Imihlangano yokuqala ithath Trek[ waqhutshelwa ngo-1971] ngo-1971, iheha izinkulungwane zabalandeli abalambile ukuba bagubhe umbukiso osudlulile. Lokhu kwabonisa ukuthi i-lindrom ingakhiwa endaweni eyodwa ezungezile, futhi yafaka igagagasi lemihlangano eqhubekayo kulolu suku. i- 1980 iphindaphinde ihlukane indawo njenge-im ne-mangemsssss ziqale ukukhangisa eNtshona ntshona. Izenzakalo ezifana ne-AKK, ekwakheniswe e-Dall ngo-19909, ilinganiswe ngokukhethekile ngokukhethekile, i-ividiose, futhi i-osekuhle kakhulu kweminde yemihlangano engcono kakhulu, lapho i-Onthe, lapho iqala khona khona khona khona imidlalo enyaka ka-1990.

Ubuchwepheshe Nentuthuko Yezentengiselwano

Njengoba imihlangano yayikhula, izakhiwo zayo zazizisekelo. Lokho okwake kwaba izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezisebenza ngokuqeqeshiwe kwaba yizemisebenzi ephambili. Izinga lezezomnotho zalezi zenzakalo lakhula ngokuphawulekayo. Umhlangano omkhulu ungafaka izigidi zabantu embonini yedolobha ngokufaka izincwadi zehhotela, ukudla, nokuthengisa. Isici sezentengiselwano sakhula ngamahholo amakhulu lapho abamemezeli, izikhungo zomsebenzi, nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe zamisa amathende enziwe ngokunemicikilisho ukuze kuvulwe imikhiqizo emisha futhi kusungulwe i-accollective. Izakhiwo ze-movie ezifana no-Mission ne-Warner Brots. Zaqala ukusebenzisa imihlangano ebanzi, ukuvula amaphale nezimende ezikhangisa izivakashi eziningi ezinikezelweyo nezihlabayo. Lobulongwe oludakayo phakathi komhlangano nezokuthengisa imidlalo yezokuzimboni yezo.

Kodwa ngisho noma imali yayingena, umsuka wemihlangano wawulokhu ungowomuntu ngamunye othanda ingxenyana. Ukuba khona kwanikeza ithuba elicishe libe yisiko lokuhlangana nabadali abathandekayo, ukuthola izithombe, nokuzifaka olwandle lwentshiseko efanayo. Kwabaningi, ingqgikithi yayingezona izinto ezikhangiswa kuphela kodwa umuzwa wokuba phakathi kwabantu abaqonda umbhalo, umdwebi, noma indaba ngaphandle kokuchazwa. Lengxubevange yombukwane wezentengiselwano kanye nesibopho somphakathi esithembekile mhlawumbe iyisici esivelele sempucuko yanamuhla engokwesiko.

Inkemba Yobuchwepheshe Ebekwe Kabili

Inguquko yezobuchwepheshe yalungisa kabusha imihlangano ngezindlela ezijulile. Ekuqaleni kwawo- 2000, i-inthanethi nezindawo zezokuxhumana ze-inthanethi njenge-Live Journal, khona-ke kwa-Facebook no-Twitter, yenza kwaba lula ngabalandeli ukuhlela, ukuhlanganyela izimiso, nokwakha ukulangazelela. AmaHashtag avumela ukubika kwangempela emagunjini ezindawo zokuhlela, kuyilapho ama-athomu athatha indawo yezinhlelo ezibhaliwe. Ama-floms angakwazi ukuya ngokoqobo angalandela izenzakalo ngohlelo olukude.

Ushintsho oluphawulekayo lwezobuchwepheshe lwenzeka ngobhadane lwe-COVOID-19. Lapho imibuthano ye-person ingenzeki ngo-2020, imihlangano yaxhumeka ezindaweni ezibuqamama cishe ebusuku. Izenzakalo ezifana neSan Diego Comic-Coon@ Home kanye ne - Internet i-ibrations of Dragon Con zabonisa ukuthi ingxenye yolwazi lwemihlangano ingahunyushwa ngezindawo ezibonisa amanani. Izikhungo ze-athone eFlave, ziphila ngokunezelelwe e-Q& As, kanye nodwebi lwamanani i-aleys zavumela ukuthatha isinyathelo sembulunga yonke, ngezinye izikhathi ngezindleko eziphansi futhi ngokungenwa kakhulu ngamafekthi akhubazekile. Ukucwaninga kwe-Centrew Center Ucwaningo oluvela e[FLD:1] luphawula indlela imingcele ebanzi phakathi kwemisebe olumagesahlu

Noma kunjalo, lo mfanekiso waqokomisa okwakungekho: ukuhlangana kwephasishi elihambayo, ukuphehla kwephasishi elihambayo kweqembu lesixuku kumahamba-hambaneya kwembula, amandla abonakalayo ehholo eligcweleyo. Njengoba izenzakalo ezibuyile, i-projecteds yaqala ukuthatha. Abahloli bamazwe bavame ukuhlanganisa ukukhetha okugelezayo kokukhetha amapayipile, ukuvuma ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ongahamba. Loluhlo lwamagebhutshu-bhudu ahlala njalo, uphoqelela ukuba kucabange ukuthi ukuhlangana kuyini okukhona uma abanye abantu bekhona ngokoqobo futhi bekhona efasiteleni lengxoxo.

Ukuhlanganyela Nokusungula

Akukho kuxoxiswa ngemihlangano emikhulu njengezenzakalo ezingokwesiko eziphelele ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwemidlalo edlalwayo. Nakuba i-coscose druit ibikhona amashumi eminyaka, ikhulu lama-21 leminyaka kwaboniswa i-cometic imidlalo esuka kumdlalo wemifantu kuya esicini esiphakathi semihlangano. AmaHholo manje agcwaliswa ngezingubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezenziwe ngezandla eziguqula isitezi sesenzakalo sibe yindawo yokudlala. Imincintiswano yokudlala isuke yaba izenzakalo eziphilile, umculi owenziwe phambi kwezinkulungwane. Lomkhuba uvumela abalandeli ukuba bafake izimpawu ezithandekayo, bafinyeze umugqa phakathi kwezilaleli nomdali. Iguqula ukusetshenziswa kwemigqabalwa kwezehlakalo ibe yindawo ephilayo, inkulumo eyisigqishoshoshoshoshoshosholo.

Ikhompuyutha futhi ishukumisa wonke umsebenzi wemisebenzi emincane yezingcweti ezithengisa izingubo, izikhili, izinkonzo zokuthwebula izithombe. Izezobungane zivuselele ukubonakala kwazo, kanye nabaqoqi bezokuthengisa abalandelayo futhi bathonye ukudayiswa kwezithombe. Lento igcizelela ukusebenza okuyinhloko kwemihlangano: inikeza iqophelo elingcono elijabulisayo lokwakha ikhono lomuntu ngamunye ukuze likhanye. Ngaphandle komhlangano, ukugqoka izikhali ezigcwele noma ibhodlela lokuthwebula kungadonsa ukubuka; ngaphakathi, kudonsa ukuncoma nokucela izithombe. Lokhu kuqinisa ukuziveza komuntu siqu futhi kusiza abantu ukuba baqiniseke endaweni esekelayo.

Ukutholakala Kwabantu, Umphakathi Nezindawo Ezilondekile

Kubantu abaningi abakhona, imihlangano emikhulu ayiyona into yokuzilibazisa yangamasonto − ibaluleke kakhulu. AmaFandom aye akhanga abantu bangaphandle ngokomlando, futhi isakhiwo somhlangano siba indawo eyivelakancane lapho abantu bengakhanuka khona ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuhlekwa usulu. ILGBTQ + abathandi bemibala, abantu abanombala, abantu abanobuhlanya, nabanye abangase bazizwe bencishisiwe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke bavame ukuthola umkhaya okhethiwe usengozini. Isenzakalo sinjengendawo yesikhashana lapho abantu bethanda khona ukuxoxana ngaphandle kokuhlekwa.

Izinhlelo zemihlangano yesigodi ziye zabonisa lendima ngokwandayo. Imihlangano enikezelwe yezindlela zokuzilibazisa, izingxoxo zengqondo, kanye nokuhlangana kwezindlela ezithile zokuzichaza isici esithile se-oday se-comey seyandile. Ukuvela kwemihlangano enjenge-laving Con, ukugubha ngokukhethekile i-computer pop, kanye nezimiso eziqinile ezithathwe yizenzakalo eziningi ezinkulu ezibonisa ukukhula konembeza wezenhlalo. Imihlangano yemihlangano isebenza njengezindawo zokuzijabulisa hhayi nje kuphela kodwa njengezezokuzijabulisa kodwa nezokuthatha izikhundla; imidlalo eqokolelwayo iye yasetshenziselwa ukubhikisha ukugxeka ukucusumbula, futhi izikhungo ezikhona ezikhungolweni eziqotho kuphela ezilwiwayo. Ngo- 2015, i-Puppeyds ezisemhlanganweni zezwe kuyi-World Scienceen Convention Convention, ibonisa izingxabano zezombangazwe, futhi imidlalo yezenteko yamazwe.

Uhlu Lwamahhomu Nokushintsha Ulwazi Lochwepheshe

Isici esibalulekile kodwa esinganakwa yimfundo. Izindawo zokufundisa kanye namashabhu emihlanganweni ziphumela kakhulu ekwazini ukubhala, ukudweba, ukuklama imidlalo, nokudweba amafilimu. Abadali abakhi be-Emerging bangahlala ekamelweni nochwepheshe abamisiwe futhi babuze imibuzo eqondile ngemboni. Lemibuthano yakha amabhuloho phakathi kwezizukulwane, ihlanganisa umlando wesigcawu ngokuxoxa ngomlomo, futhi iveze ukubambisana okusha. Umbhali obhala ucingo oluthandekayo lwezintambo ze-tech-innow, umklami wezingubo owenzela izibuko zezentengiselwano, noma umdwebi wamahlayabu ozimele angahlanganyela bonke ubuchwepheshe babo ehlelweni ongokomthetho nasebunono. Lokhu ukushintshwa kolwazi kuguqula umhlangano ube yindawo yesikhashana, ukufunda amakhono amakhono aphambili nasendaweni yokwakha indalo.

Ukunyatheliswa Kwezomnotho Nempucuko

Ithonya lemihlangano lidlulela ngalé komphakathi wezokuvakasha. Ukuhlola kwamabhodi ezokuvakasha kubonisa njalo ukuthi iziphepho ezinkulu ziletha umsebenzi omkhulu wezomnotho. Ngokwesibonelo, iComic-Con International iletha ithonya elilinganiselwa kuR34 000 000 ngonyaka ehlalisa i-R160 000 e-San Diegon. Amahotela, amahotela, nemisebenzi yokuthutha kuxhomeke kulokhu kugadla. Amadolobha amancane azuzayo ngokulandelana okuqhubekayo kwezivakashi ezingasoze zavakashela.

Ngokwesiko, imibuthano yesigodi ithonya imfashini, ulimi, kanye nezindlela zokuxhumana. Ukuthambekela kwezingubo ze- “geek chic” kungathathwa emuva ezikhungweni zemigwaqo ngaphandle kwezindawo zomhlangano. I-Terminology efana “cosyding,” ne-“practic” kusuka emasikweni angokwesiko kuya kubantu abavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imihlangano iye yabangela ukuthandwa kwemithombo yezindaba yakudala. Indawo etholanayo kabanzi ye-TV ingabangela ukuminyana nokuvuselelwa kokukhanya. I-omhlanganweni yamazwe inamandla okuvuselela izigcawu zokuzijabulisa, yenza ukuba ziphinde zithakazeke emaketheni omphakathi.

Izinselele Nezimo Ezibucayi

Akukho hlelo elingenazinkinga zalo, futhi imihlangano emikhulu ibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu. Ubukhulu obuyi-mega-events njenge-New York Comic Comes idala amaqembu e-logisticism, anemigqa ethatha amahora amaningi, amabhodi agcwele, nengozi yokudambisa imfihlo efiphele. Intengiselwano ikhulisa ukwesaba ukuthi ukuntengantenga kuyahluka emibukisweni yezohwebo, lapho ukusebenzelana okushukumisayo nabadali kuncishiswa ekuthengisweni kwenkampani. Amanani entengo yempahla endwayo aye akhuphuka, ngezinye izikhathi asusa izimbo zotshani zotshani.

Ukuhlukunyezwa nokuphepha kusalokhu kukhathaza kakhulu. “ikhodi alikho imvume” ukunyakaza okuye kwavela njengendlela edingekile yokusabela ezigijimeni zemihlangano, okuholela ekunqandeni izinhlelo zokulwa nokugcinwa kwezimiso ezinamandla. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imihlangano iyaqhubeka yamukela bonke kudinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqedazwe wagcizelela ukuwohloka kwalesibonelo; inhlekelele eyodwa yezempilo yomphakathi ingaphoqelela ukuncishwa okubiza izigidi zabantu futhi isongele ukuphumelela kwezenzakalo ezincintisanayo. Ukukhuluma ngale mihlangano kubalulekile ukuze kuqhubeke ukusebenza njengezenzakalo ezingokwesiko eziqinisekile kunokubuyiseka emikhosini yezentengiselwa phambili.

Umkhathi Oluhlaza Nesizukulwane Esilandelayo

Uma sibheka phambili, i-synthesis ihlelwa kabusha ngemiqondo exubile. Ukuhlolwa okuphoqelelwe kwezinhlelo kwabonisa ukuthi ibanga lokuma akusesona isithiyo esiphelele, kodwa futhi ukuba khona ngokomzimba kuhambisana nokulawula okungokomzwelo okungavamile. Sibona izenzakalo ezigcina ukutholakala kwezibalo eziphambili, amahholo asebenza unyaka wonke, kanye nemiphakathi ye-website esekela amandla phakathi kwemibuthano yaminyaka yonke. Lokhu kuxuba kungaveza ukungenela kokungena lapho kulondoloza umlingo oyinhloko. I-synthesis: ezindaweni zasemaphandleni zingase zingalokothi zikwazi ukuthatha uhambo oluya eSan Diego, kodwa manje zingaba khona ishabhu elifundiswa ngencwadi yamahlayaluya, libamba ithuba.

Izindawo ezintsha ziyaqhubeka zivela. Imihlangano yemidlalo ye-vidiyo, ijubane lemidlalo yemidlalo yeqophelo njengeMidlalo iDone Quick (esebenza njengekhona, imihlangano emikhulu), ne-TikTok-measts imelela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okulandelayo. Ukushintshwa kwesizukulwane kuyacaca: Gen Z noGalpha Restritation, okuhlangenwe nakho kwendabuko okufiphaza umugqa phakathi komuntu nomdali. Imihlangano iqala ukuhlanganisa izikhala zomenzi, ukuhlolelwa kwento yangempela yenkanyezi, nokufakwa kwe-translate ezindaweni zayo ukuze ifake lezizilaleli. Njengoba ukucwaninga [FLT] kuhlola kobuzweyo, iphawula izenzakalo zanamuhla, ukuthatha uhlangothi oluthathelwanayo. Lokhu okuhambisana nokubuka okunesisekelo okunesisekelo.

Ingobo yomlando yokuhlanganyela

Mhlawumbe indima ebaluleke kakhulu yemihlangano edlalwayo eyokugcina ingobo yomlando ophilayo. Izinganekwane zivame ukuveza i-erhemeral, izinsonga ezidilikayo manje, izithombe ezidilikayo, izithombe ezikhangisayo ezilahlekile ngengozi yengozi enzima yokushayisa. Kodwa inkumbulo ehlangeneyo emihlanganweni yaba yisiko elihlanganyelweyo. Inkumbulo ecatshangelwayo ngokubukeka okumangalisayo, ukubukeka kwefilimu yehlelo okwaqala ukudilika, unyaka wokuthatha i-prop eyinkimbinkimbi ebekwe kuwo ngengozi i-at mber ay ebuza ngengozi, futhi i-reodold, yenza ukuba kube nolwazi oluhlangene lwenguquko yama-adom. Ngomqondo, umhlangano ngamunye uyisikhathi kanye, lapho iqokomele khona i-Actop ewuhlahd ngokomthetho. [5] [5]

Isiphetho: Kungaphezu Kwempelasonto

Imihlangano iye yavela kakhulu kubantu abangu-200 abashisekela i-New York. Manje iyizenzakalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlanganisa cishe zonke izici zokuphila okungokwesiko: ezentengiselwano, ezobuchwepheshe, ukuchaza, ubuciko, nemfundo. Iveza ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwe-fandom esendaweni, ngezinye izikhathi umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa ohlazisayo ube amandla anamandla okuzijabulisa kwembulunga yonke. Nakuba leyomibuthano nezobuchwepheshe ziyoqhubeka zishintsha, izifiso ezibalulekile zabantu ezanelisayo, ukuqaphela, ukuveza indalo, nokumangala okungaguquguquki. Njengoba nje kunezindaba ezishukumisa ingqondo, kuyoba khona abantu abadinga ukuzihlanganisa nokugubha ndawonye. Leyo imibuthano iyakuba izenzakalo zempucuko, ishadi yamabhodi angakhangisiyo eqolo.