Isiko likaWhite Lotus sekuyisikhathi eside liqondwa njengenhlangano eyimfihlo eyimfihlo enenjongo eyodwa evumelanayo. Eqinisweni, limelela ithonya eliyinkimbinkimbi elingokomoya nezenhlalo elageleza phakathi namakhulu amaningi omlando waseChina, elibunjwe ukuphoqelelwa nokudonsa ukuhola okunamandla, izingxabano zamahlelo, kanye nokulangazelela ukulinganisela okungapheli. Ngaphezu kwenhlangano yabavukeli, i-White Lotus yayiwumbono wobudlwangudlwangudlwangu owachumayo phakathi kokukhanyiselwa komuntu siqu nokuvukela. Ukuze siqonde ithonya layo, kumelwe sihlole hhayi imisuka yayo engokwenkolo nesiyaluyalu esingokomlando kuphela, kodwa futhi nezingxabano ezingapheli zangaphakathi zombili ezabangela ukwanda kwayo futhi zaveza ubunye bayo ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Isisekelo Senkolo Nesefilosofi

ISivumo sokholo sikaWhite Lotus asizange sivele ekutheni abantu badalwa. Sathatha izici zenqubo yobuBuddha yokuhlala isikhathi eside, neMidaoism disciations, ezihlanganisa nesithembiso esinamandla sensindiso. Umuntu oyinhloko kwakunguMama Ongunaphakade (uMusheng Laomu), umzali waphezulu owayedale isintu futhi manje edabukile ngenxa yokuhlupheka kwakhe ngaphansi kokubusa okonakele. Amakholwa ayelindele ukuza kukaMaitreya Budha, owayezokhanyiselwa, owayezoletha inkathi entsha yokuzwana kwembulunga yonke. Lelithemba lika-mesiya labangela ukunxusa okunamandla kakhulu: ukuqiniseka kokuthi abantu abalungile bangasheshisa ukuphenduka kombuso we-kra — isikhathi somhlaba wonke — futhi kanjalo abuyisela ukulingana kwezwe.

IGreat Ming Code yekhulu le-15 yavimbela iWhite Lotus njengehlelo le-hetrodox, kodwa lokhu kwenqatshelwa kwamane kwajulisa isiqu sayo. Abalandeli babehlangana ngamaqoqo amancane, ayimfihlo, ngokuvamile behlangana ebusuku ukuze bahlabelele imibhalo, basebenzise ukuphefumula, futhi bahlanganyele imibono. Izimfundiso zagcizelela ukuhlanzeka kokuziphatha, ubuniwa, nosizo. Ngenxa yokuthi lamangqamuzana endawo ayengenawo isigaba esiyinhloko, isiko laliwuketshezi olungokwemvelo. Inkosi ngayinye yayingasenakuchaza lemfundiso, ibangele ukuhlukahlukahluka kwemikhuba kamuva eyayingabangela ukungezwani kwangaphakathi.

Umlando Nezilimi Ezingokwezomnotho

Isicelo sikaWhite Lotus sakhula phakathi nenkathi yenhlekelele yendawo ezungezile nenhlupheko. Emuva kwe-Ming, ukulandelana kokuhluleka kwesivuno, izifo eziwumshayabhuqe, nokugcinwa kwentela konya kwaqhubela imiphakathi yabalimi elandiswa ngezindaba zeApocalypse. Lapho i-Manchu-Qeding iqinisa amandla phakathi nekhulu le-17 leminyaka, amaHanthest amaningi afuna isiphephelo kuWhite Lotus ne-mist, ahlanganisa umzabalazo wezombangazwe kanye nethemba lezenkolo. Ngekhulu le-18, izifunda ezisemngceleni wezintaba phakathi kweHubei, uSichu, noShaanyu ayeseye waba yindawo ephikiswa amahlelo, impofu, inkohlakalo engokomthetho, kanye nesigaba esikhulayo sezisebenzi zamazwe.

Nokho, ukucindezeleka kwezomnotho kukodwa akukuchazi ukuqina kwenhlangano. Kwakuwukuhlanganiswa kwesidingo sezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nesifiso esingokomoya esakha isibopho esiqinile esingokomzwelo phakathi kwabalandeli. Isithembiso se-apocalypse eseduze, elandelwa ukubusa kombuso wokuthula kweminyaka eyinkulungwane, asinikezanga induduzo nje kuphela kodwa indlela eqinile yokusinda. Uma imikhankaso yokucindezela ehlaselwe yimizi ehlaselwa uhulumeni, abaholi abamhlophe uLotus bangahlela lokhu kuhlasela njengemihelo yezwe elisha, baguqulele ngokuphumelelayo ukucindezela kwempi ekubeni kube amathuba okuthola imvume.

Ubuholi Bunamandla Negunya Elinamandla

Abaholi phakathi kweWhite Lotus abazange bahlelwe njengenhlangano; cishe babethembele ngokuphelele ekusebenziseni kukazibuthe kothisha ngabanye. Lamanani — ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi "amapatroli" noma "amakhosi ahloniphekayo" — ayethintana ngokuqondile noMama Ongunaphakade nekhono lokuphulukisa abagulayo, ukuchaza amaphupho, nokubikezela izinhlekelele. Igunya lawo lalinamandla okushukumisa imizwelo ephelele: laqeda ukuphelelwa yithemba ngekhono lenkosi elingaphezu kwelemvelo. Umholi ongazange anikezele ekuvukeleni okungokwemvelo, noma owadalulwa njengenkosi, wayengalahlwa ebusuku.

Abaholi abaphumelelayo bathuthukisa ukulinganisela okucophelelayo phakathi kobunye ukuzinikela kwezwe nokuzivumelanisa namaqhinga. Kwadingeka baqinisekise abalandeli babo ukuthi isikhathi saphezulu sasingantengi, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo sihlela ukudla, ukuthunga izikhali, nokuxoxa namaqembu endawo. Lendima ehlangeneyo yadala ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokwengqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, uWang Lun, owahola ukuvukela okuphawulekayo kodwa okufushane kwamanje eShandong ngo1774, waqala njengomfundisi nophulukisi abahloniphekayo bezikhali zokulwa. Wakwazi ukuhlanganisa amahlelo amaningana endawo ngokugcizelela kokubili amakhono okulwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuqeqeshwa okungokomoya. Kodwa ukuhluleka kwakhe ukuvikela isisekelo esiqinile sokunqotshwa ngokushesha nokudabukisa, ebonisa indlela yokuhola okusheshayo okungalawuleki okungalawuleki lapho ehlukaniswa nemisebenzi eqeke kakhulu.

Ukubambisana Kwamandla Angokomoya Nanamandla Angenasici

Inselele ephikelela kakhulu yokuhola ibhekene nokubuyisana kwemisuka yenhlangano emelene nempi kanye nokuvukela kwayo ngezikhathi ezithile. Imibhalo yakuqala yaba White Lotus yagcizelela ukungaphazamisi ubudlova, ukucula, nokubuyisana kokuziphatha. Kodwa njengoba ukucindezelwa kwezwe kwaqina, abanye amakhosi baphikisa ngokuthi uMama Ongunaphakade wagunyaza impi elungile yokuhlanza izwe lamademoni — okusho izikhulu namasosha ayekhonza ubukhosi bakwamanye amazwe. Le mfundiso yenkolo yabangela umehluko phakathi kwalabo ababefuna ukulondoloza isiko elimsulwa lokuzindla nalabo ababesekela ubudlova benguquko. Umncintiswano phakathi kwalemibono emibili ayizange ixazululwe ngokuphelele, futhi yabuye yabuye yabuye yaxazululwa kuyo yonke imibhishosholo emikhulu yabamhlophe uLoti.

Ukungqubuzana Kwangaphakathi Nokusabela

Isimo esihloniphekile seWhite Lotus saqinisekisa ukuqina kwayo futhi saqinisekisa ukuhlukana kwayo. Ngaphandle kwendikimba eyisigungu eyodwa eqashelwayo, izimpikiswano zezimfundiso zingakhula zibe uqhekeko oluhlala njalo. Amahlelo aseHenan ngokuvamile agcizelela imithetho yokudla nobumpohlo, ekholelwa ukuthi ubumsulwa bangokomzimba babubalulekile ukuze kukhange uMama Ongunaphakade. Okwamanje, imiphakathi eSichuan yafaka isilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu emiphakathini ehlangene nezolimo ezibambisana, ibheka ubunye bomphakathi njengesibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokholo. Lokhu kuphikisana kwakungasekuhlale kuqinile ukuba bekungahlanganiswangabangelwangamaqembu aphikisanayo nezindawo ezisekelanayo.

Kwakuvamile ukuba abafundi abadala balwele ukulwa. Uma inzalamizi eyaguga ifa ngaphandle kokuveza ngokucacile ukuthi umholi ulandela inzala, abamangalelwa abaningi babegxambukela izikhali zokuhola, ngamunye omangalela ukuphikisana ngokuhlubuka noma ukuthengisa izintelezi ukuze bazizuzise. Izimpikiswano ezinjalo zanciphisa ikhono lenhlangano lokuhlanganisa amangqamuzana amakhulu. Isazimlando uBarend J. i-ter Haar iye yaphawula ukuthi izingxabano zangaphakathi zazivame ukulimaza kakhulu abamhlophe uLotusmstem kunokuhlasela kwempi, ngoba zanciphisa ukuthembana okufihlekile okwakuphethe amangqamuzana empini. [[FLTY:0] umbhali wezimfundiso ezimhlophe [[FLT]] usikisela ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwesiko kwenza abantu abathakaze bahlukane ngokuzikhulula ngamahlelo ayesayo, benza ubunye obungapheli, benza ubunye obunganqamlezi obubo obunga, esikhundleni seqiniso.

Izigaba Zemibono Nomnyango Wobudlova

Akukho kuphikisana kwangaphakathi okwakubhubhisa kakhulu kunempikiswano ngokusetshenziswa okungokomthetho kwegunya. Ezinye izinkolo, njengehlelo le-8 Trigrams, zamukela isigaba sabefundisi sezempi esingokomthetho futhi zaqeqesha abafundi ekulweni ngezandla. Abanye, ikakhulukazi amagatsha angenamsindo, balahla noma yikuphi ukuchithwa kwegazi njengokuphaza okuyekelela ukuphuma kukaMama Ongunaphakade. Lapho i-White Lotus Regingsm enkulu iqala ngo-1796, lamaqembu anokuthula ahlala kakhulu emaceleni empi noma ngisho nasekusebenzelaneni nohulumeni ukuze ahilele amangqamuzana avukelayo. Umphumela waba yimpi yombango phakathi kwempi yombango, njengoba ngaphambili izinkolo zobulungu zabenkolo zaziba izimemezelo zomthetho ezilwayo namaqembu alwa nabazalwane babo.

Ukuhlubuka Okumhlophe KoLotus (1796 - 1804) njengoMcimbi

I-White Lotus Regation iwuphawu lwezimo zezombangazwe. Ihlatshwe ukuncibilika kokudla, ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile, nokuphangwa kwezwe elinonya ezintabeni, ukuvukela kwashesha kwaba impi ethatha iminyaka eyishumi. Lapho kuphakama, ukuvukela kwahilela amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu futhi kwabiza amasheya emali esiliva angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu - 200, ukuwa kwemali okwabangela ukuba ubukhosi bungabenemi.

Naphezu kwesilinganiso sawo, ukuhlubuka akukaze kube umkhankaso ohlangene. Abaholi abanjengoQi Wangshi noYao Zhifu babesebenza njengezikhulu zempi zendawo, ngokuvamile benqaba ukuxhumanisa ukuhlasela noma ukuhlanganyela izinto. Inhlangano yabo ye-methopia yahlanganiswa umholi owavuza ukuhlelwa kwebutho labantu abanamandla. Umthetho ophakeme, ekuqaleni owenziwe ngokungavumelani, walungiswa ngokwakha isakhiwo somyalo esihlangene futhi wasebenzisa “icebo elimnandi nelimuncu” lokuvutha lokubulala umhlaba ohangukile. Ukuwa kokuhlubuka ngo-1804 kwakuwumphumela wokunqotshwa ngaphandle kwempi: indlala, ukukhashelwa, nokuncipha kwenhlangano eyayishile phakathi nendawo yayo ezungezile.

Ukuze uthole ukucaciswa okucacile kwezinga lokuhlubuka, bheka Encclopedia Britannica ekungeneni kukaWhite Lotus Redung, okuchaza izenzakalo eziyinhloko kanye nethonya lazo ekubuseni kweQult.

Ukuhluleka Kokuhola Namathuba Aphuthelwayo

Ukuvukela kwadalula indlela ukuhola okunamandla okunamandla okulawula okungabangela ngayo ukuthambekela okukhulu. Izikhulu eziningi ezivukelayo zazizungeza nabavukeli abaqinisekisa ukukhohlisa kwazo kokungalawuleki, bezishaya indiva imibiko yokuhlakanipha yezinhlangano zeQing. Ukwenza izinqumo ngokuvamile kwakusekelwe ekubhuleni kunokuhlaziya okungokwenjongo. Lapho inkosi iwela empini, abalandeli bayo babevame ukuhlakazeka, bengenazo izindlela zokuguqula igunya. Lokhu kwaziphindaphinda kangangokuba amasosha afunda ukugxilisa imizamo yawo ekususeni abaholi abaziwayo, azi ukuthi isikhundla nehele kunganyamalala ngaphandle kwesizathu sawo.

Mhlawumbe ukwehluleka okudabukisa kakhulu kwakuwukuhluleka ukwakha isivumelwano esiqinile sohlobo oluphambanayo. Imibono yabamhlophe uLotus yayingase ihehe i-literati ne-gnant yendawo, kodwa inkulumo yayo yembubhiso kanye nokuhlangana kwayo nezikhulu ezifundile eziqeqeshiwe. Ngaphandle kolwazi lokubusa lokubusa izwe elithunjiwe, amabutho avukelayo ahlala phakade, ephila ngokuphanga futhi ngaleyondlela ahlukanisa nabo kanye abantu abavamile ayethi ayabakhulula.

Ukufuna Ukulinganisela Emfundisweni Nakukuphila Kwansuku Zonke

Isihloko senhlangano ye-White Lotus esihlala njalo sasiwukulinganisela: phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba, phakathi kokuhlakulelwa kwangaphakathi kobuhle nesidingo sangaphandle sobulungisa, naphakathi kwezwe elibonakalayo lezinto ezibonakalayo ne-sharma yaphakade. Lokhu kufuna ukulinganisela kwagxila emsebenzini wansuku zonke. Ukuphefumula okuqinile kwaklanyelwa ukuvumelanisa uqiki, amandla abalulekile, kuyilapho imicikilisho yomphakathi ihlanganisa ukuqashelwa kweqembu nemijikelezo yasezulwini. Ikhalenda lesonto laligubha izinsuku zokuzalwa kwabantu baphezulu njengezikhathi lapho umngcele ophakathi kokufa nokwaphezulu uncipha, ubonise umbono ofinyela kancane kancane wokulingana kwembulunga yonke.

Impi, emfundisweni yenkolo kaWhite Lotus, yaqondwa njengomphumela wokungalingani — ukungcola okubangelwa ukuhaha kwababusi ababenqamule ubuhlobo obufanele phakathi kwesintu nemvelo. Ngakho - ke, ukuvukela, kwakungesona isenzo sezombangazwe kodwa kwakuwumsebenzi ongcwele wokubuyisela uhlelo lwendawo yonke. Lenkolelo yanikeza abahlanganyeli ithemba eliyinguquko elabavimbelayo ekuhlanzeni okungalawuleki ngokomzwelo. Nokho futhi yababamba ephutheni ngokuphambene: zonke izenzo zobudlova, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zilungile, zabangela izimo ezintsha ezifuna ukuhlanzwa okuqhubekayo. Umlando ungafundwa njengemizabalazo yokubalekela lenkambo phakathi kwezimo eziyingozi zokuhlanza okungokomoya.

Ukulinganisela Komuntu Siqu Nokuphila Kokuziphatha Kwehlelo

Kumlandeli ovamile, ukulinganisela kwahlakulelwa ngemithetho eqinile yezimiso zokuziphatha. URefraing ekubulaleni, ukuqamba amanga, ukweba, ukuziphatha okubi kobulili, nokusetshenziswa kwabadansi be-inxics ekhombisa ipani-Buuddist imiyalo kodwa bachazwa kabusha ngelens ye-apocalypse eseduze. Abameleli bakholelwa ukuthi labo abalondoloza ubumsulwa babeyobuthelwa e- “Dragon Flower Conven,” ipharadesi lapho uMama Ongunaphakade ayezokwamukela khona izingane zakhe siqu. Lesi siyalo somuntu siqu, lapho sisetshenziswa njengeqembu, i-meoth commeoth controlvel. Izimiso zokusekela imali ezinikezwayo, ukukhokhwazwa kwabuthwa, futhi kuvikelwa abafelokazi nentanda, kuvezwe isimo esincane, kuveza isimo esingcono kakhulu lapho isikhululo mbusi bengasakwazi ukulingana.

Ukuzithuthukisa ngokomoya kwakudinga ukubusa ukuzedlula, othisha baxwayisa ngokuqhosha, ukuqhosha, nokuzidla, kanye nesifiso sokuvelela kwezwe — zona kanye izilingo ezayengela umholi abaningi ekubeni nesifiso sokufuna ukuvelela okungenangqondo. Ukucindezela phakathi kwesifiso sokuthula nokushisekela ukuqeda ubushiqela akuzange kuxazululwe ngokugcwele, kodwa kwabangela ingxoxo ecebile engaphakathi eyasekela ukuhamba kwezizukulwane. Izazi zezinhlangano zobuzwe ziye zaphawula amandla afanayo emongweni osukela enkathi ephakathi yenkathi ephakathi yenkathi esukela esukela eSizaleni saseZulwini, isikisela isigqilathi seMibuso yaseYurophu ephakeme, isikisela ukusabela komphakathi ecindezelayo ekubekeni ukulinganisela phakathi kwezizukulwane nokuvukela.

Ifa, Ithonya, Nezinga Lanamuhla

ISiko leWhite Lotus alizange linyamalale ngemva kokucindezelwa ngo-1804. Izimpawu zalo, amasu, nezenzakalo ze-apocalypse zahlelwa yimiphakathi elandelanayo, ngokuphawulekayo amaTriad futhi kamuva amabhokisi phakathi nonyaka ka-1900 i-Boker Uning. Umbono weqembu elilungile elingamelana nezwe elikhohlakele nezwe lobubusi lakwamanye amazwe elithole indawo evundile emazwini ebokisini le-Bocker i-Pixport, ibhubhisa abantu bangaphandle.” Ngesikhathi amabhokisi ewashicile ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zemisebenzi, izifundo zokwakha i-White Lotus — isidingo sobuholi obuholi obumangalisayo, amandla empatho nezobugqili, kanye nezingozi zokwehlukanisa — ngokusobala zazibekwe ezinhlakeni zawo.

Ukucwaninga kwezemfundo ngendlela izinhlangano zenkolo zamuva ezabunjwa ngayo iWhite Lotus, ukucwaninga kukaDavid Owby ngemiphakathi eyimfihlo yaseChina kunikeza ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kokuqhubekeka kwezimiso zamahlelo phakathi kwezinguquko zeminyaka emisha.

Ukuhola nezindlela zempi zeWhite Lotus kunikeza futhi ukufana kwamanje. Noma iyiphi inhlangano encike kakhulu egunyeni elinamandla anamandla ngaphandle kokuhlela ngokulandelana okucacile ifaka engozini i-locator ne-offisence. Indlela imfundiso yokuhlanzeka empini elwayo iyisifundo sezinhlangano zezenhlalo namuhla: ngaphandle kwezimiso eziqinile zokuxazulula izingxabano zemibono, amandla asetshenziselwa ezimpini zangaphakathi kunokuba asetshenziswe ngaphandle kwe-advocacy. Indaba yabamhlophe u-Lotus ibonisa ukuthi ukuqina kwemfundiso kungaba inkemba eqinile embaxakile — ikhono lokuthatha amahlelo ahlukene anwebezwe anwebe ukufinyelela kwayo kodwa futhi enziwe ahlangane cishe angakwazi ukubhekana nezenzo.

Nokho, isifundo esijulile sisemqoka wesifiso senhlangano. Ukufuna ukulinganisela akuyona inkinga okumelwe ixazululwe phakade, kodwa inqubo yokuzinza okungapheli. Abaholi abavuma lolu ketshezi, abasebenzisa amasu ngaphandle kokulahla izimiso eziyisisekelo, bakwazi ukusekela imiphakathi phakathi namashumi eminyaka yokucindezelwa. Labo ababambelele ezimfundisweni eziqinile, noma abalahla ukujeziswa kokuziphatha ngokuxoshwa kwamandla, bawa ngokushesha. Indaba yabamhlophe uLotus isikhumbuza ukuthi ukuhola oqotho kusekelwe ekhonweni okuqinile kokubambelela ezimpikiswaneni eziphambene — ukumelana nokungalawuleki, ukudlula nokungalawuleki, umuntu ngamunye, inkemba kanye neqembu.

Isiphetho: Isibuko Sesikhathi Sethu

Inhlangano yabamhlophe iLotus yayiyimpi ebanzi, ephikisanayo, futhi iyinto eyenzeka kakhulu kubantu. Yaveza izenzo zesibindi esimangalisayo nezenzo zonya olushaqisayo. Yaveza izwi kumlilo opholile kodwa yaziqeda kaningi. Abaholi bayo babengababoni nabakhohlisi, abakhohlisi, abanobulungisa, nabakhohlisi. Ngakho konke lokhu, inhlangano ebambelele ephusheni lokulinganisela ukuthi akukho hulumeni, akukho butho, futhi akukho kuhlubuka okungacima. Lelophupho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi liqashekile, lihlala njengenseleleko kuzo zonke izizukulwane: ukuthola ukuvumelana phakathi kwethu, ubulungisa, nokuvumelana okuqinile nezwe lethu esihlala kulo. Ekutadisheni i-White, asigcini nje i-ston. Simane sibuka i-star isibuko esibonisa ukukhanya phakathi kokukhanya nokukhanya, nokubusa.