Osamu Tezuka, ohlonishwayo ‘ njengoNkulunkulu weManga,” washiya uphawu olungenakucimeka empucukweni ethandwayo yamaJapane ngokusebenza kakhulu amashumi eminyaka. Phakathi kwendalo yakhe ehlala njalo nenamandla kakhulu nguJack Black [, uchungechunge lwezibalo oluqala ukuvela ngo 1973 futhi oluqhubeke luzwakala iminyaka eminingi. Lendaba ilandela izenzo zemfihlakalo, ezingacaciwe ezisebenza ngaphandle kwemingcele yokwelapha okuvamile, ezibhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu zokwelapha nokuziphatha okuhle nako konke okuhlangana nako. [[FLTLD:] UJack: [FLD] waba yisibuko sezempucuko, ebonisa izinkathazo zomphakathi, ukukhathalela ukuphila kwabantu, ukumelana nezimo ezingathi inzuzo, futhi nokulungakhohliswa yinzuzo yezwe kuphela.

I - Osamu Tezuka: Isembozo Esiyisisekelo Sesifihla - buso

Ukuqonda UJack Owumnyama, kumelwe kuqala uqonde ingqondo eyayiwuphethe. Osama Tezuka, owazalwa ngo-1928, wayenezinga lezokwelapha eYunivesithi yase-Osaka, nakuba ekugcineni wakhetha i-maniga njengobizo lwakhe. Lobudokotela obungafani obukhethekile .Abicijile , kanye nesazi sendaba esiqeqeshiwe, kwaqala ukuveza imisebenzi yakhe ngokuthembeka okungavamile nobubele. Ubuciko bakhe, kusukela ku-[FLT] ku-Astro Boy ku-[FLT:] [FLT:] ku-ult:] [uth:] [uth:] [4]] kumbuzo ovamile, lapho kuvela khona, futhi kuvela i-Recutton, i-Exppose, lapho i-oglopose, i-offcence, express, expton, ezindaweni zempi yanamuhla, yodokotela, yodokotela, yohlobo, yohlobo, yodwa kanye kanye neyodwa,

UGenesise Wecala Lokwelapha

UJack Black wavela okokuqala ku-[FLT:] u-Weekly Shōnen Champion ngo-1973, esebenza kwaze kwaba ngo-1937, futhi ekhipha amaqoqo angu-242 agcwele. U-protagonic, owaziwa kuphela ngegama elithi Black Jack, ungudokotela ohlinzayo onobuhlakani obungathandekiyo owemboko ebusweni bakhe nobumnyama besikhathi esidlule. Usebenza ngaphandle kwelayisense, futhi ufuna imali eshibhiyo kakhulu (kathi) futhi uhlela njalo ukukhokha iziguli zakhe azibona zifanelekile noma izimo zakhe ezithinta unembeza wakhe obufihlekile. Lokhu kuchaza uchungechunge: umuntu obonakala ngokubandayo namizwayo kodwa owembula inqubo yakhe yokuziphatha. UTeka wathola ithonya elikhulu embulukweni lokuhlinzwa embululweni, futhi ezindaweni zokuhlinza, futhi eveza ngisho nezondo oluqinile lwezomthetho lwenhlobo lwezomthetho.

Indlela Efihlekile KaJack Nomthetho Wendaba

Enye yezici ezishukumisa kakhulu uchungechunge yilokhu okungaqondakali okuzungeze isikhathi esidlule sika-Black Jack. Ukuveza izenzakalo zempicabadala zembula umfana okuthiwa uKuro’o Hazama owasinda engozini eseduze nengozi ebulalayo futhi wabekwa emuva ngodokotela ohlakaniphile ohlinzayo. Lendaba yaqala [1] ingane eyakhiwa kabusha kusukela onqenqekweni olungu-(""ichaza ukukhathalela kwakhe ubungcwele bokuphila nokuzibusa kwakhe okunonya. Ukwenqaba kwakhe ukuhlangana nezakhiwo zezokwelapha akuyona nje i-ukuhlubuka; kuyisimo sefilosofi esimelene nesimiso esibonayo njengebhulawu, inzuzo-druntern, futhi ngokuvamile ikhathalela kakhulu inqubo yeziguli. Ezimweni lapho ebhekene nabaphathi besibhedlela, odokotela abonakele, noma izinka ze-mishuwamushuwamu, i-Black'scriquel's, isebenzisa isimo sezezezwezwe ukuba khona, njengoba manje zisho ukuthi zisebenza khona izimo ezingabantu.

Izimiso Zezokwelapha Eziyinhloko Kuyo Yonke Imisebenzi

Okuphakamisa UJack Black [[FLT: 1] kusukela eqenjini elilula elithatha isikhathi eside kuya eceleni elihlala njalo lomthetho wezimiso zokuziphatha yisibopho sawo esingantengantengi sokuhlola izifunda ezimpunga zemithi. ITezuka ayizange ishiye ukubeka abaculi bayo ezimweni lapho kungekho mpendulo eqondile. Ukuhlinza okungaqondile kuba yi-crucible, ukuvivinya hhayi ikhono lobuchwepheshe likadokotela kuphela kodwa kanye nezimiso ezichaza abelaphili. Izibalo ezine eziyisisekelo ezithi zihlale zibalulekile namuhla njengakuwo 1970: ukuvunyeliswa kwezimiso eziyingozi, incazelo yemvume engoko, ukuphikisana phakathi kwezimiso zomuntu siqu nomthetho wezokwelapha, kanye nemingcele yokusebenza kokwelapha.

Ukuziphatha Kwezici Eziyingozi

Black Jack uvame ukwenza ukuhlinza abanye odokotela ababona kungenakwenzeka noma kungenazimiso. Ezindabeni eziningi, udokotela ovamile akafuni ukuhlinza ngoba amathuba okusinda aphansi kakhulu, kuphela ukuba Black Jack angenele ngekhono eliyisimangaliso. UTezuka unyanzela abafundi ukuba balwe nobunzima: Kulungile yini ukuzama ukuhlinza okuzobulala isiguli, ngisho noma okuhlukile kungukufa okuthile? Owesibili odumile uhilela ukuhlukanisa amawele lapho iwele elilodwa elizofa ngokungenakugwenywa; inqubo ebuhlungu yokwenza kuka-Black Jack iba yisifundo esiphathelene nezimiso zokuhlinzayo kanye nobungcwele bomuntu ngamunye. Indoda ayilokothi inikeze izimpendulo ezilula, esikhundleni sokuveza ukuzikhethela okunjalo okungokomzwelo kodokotela nemikhaya ehilelekile.

Ukuvuma Kweziguli Nesithunzi Sokuzikhethela

U-Black Jack uvela njengesinye isihloko esiyinhloko. Ngezinye izikhathi wenza ukuhlinza ngaphandle kokudalulwa ngokugcwele − ngezinye izikhathi ukuze avikele isiguli ekuphelelweni yithemba, ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yokuthi ukholelwa ukuthi isimo esingokomzwelo sesiguli singasilulaza ukululama. Lendlela yokulwa nomthetho ibangela ukuba isiguli sibe nesineke sizimele. I-Temuka ibamba indida ngendlela ecacile: udokotela angase abe nolwazi oluphezulu, kodwa ingabe unika ilungelo lokudlula intando yesiguli?, i-Black Jack ibhekene neziguli eziyenqaba ukwelashwa ngezizathu ezingokwenkolo, ezimphoqelela ukuba avumelane nokuzimisela kwakhe ukuphila ngesisekelo somthetho ngamunye. Le ngxoxo ilindele ukuphikisana kamuva ngokuphathelene neziqondiso ezisekelwe ekukholweni, ukwenqaba kokholo, nokungavumelani kwegunya.

Izimiso Zomuntu Siqu Ziphambene NoMthetho

Njengodokotela ongakhonzisi ngokomthetho, u-Black Jack ukhona eqenjini elisemthethweni elihlala njalo. Yena kanye umkhuba wakhe uyisigebengu, kodwa ngokuvamile uwukuphela komuntu ongasindisa ukuphila. ITezuka isebenzisa lempi ukuze ihlole ukuthi umthetho usebenza ngokulunga yini noma ngezinye izikhathi uphazamisa. Lolu chungechunge lubonisa odokotela abalalela yonke imithetho kodwa bavumele iziguli ukuba zife ngenxa yokuhlinzwa kwezenkolo, futhi ngokuphambene, iBlack Jack uphule imithetho kodwa uvuse ukuphila. Lokhu kuphikisa abafundi ukuba bacabange ngenjongo yomthetho wezokwelapha: ukuvikela iziguli noma ukuvikela izinhlangano? Nakuba izimiso zezokwelapha zanamuhla zilahla ukuhlinzwa okuqinile ngenxa yokuvikela isineke, iTezuka isenzakalo sokuhlinza sihoxile ukuba sibuze uma kwenzeka, uma kuvumele ukuba kusetshenziswe umthetho. Imfundo ayiyona neze.

Imingcele Yokungenela Kwezokwelapha

ITezuka isikhumbuza ngokungaguquguquki ukuthi ngisho nodokotela ohlinzayo owenziwe ngonkulunkulu abangabantu ngeke akwazi ukunqoba ukufa ngokuphelele. Kwezinye izindaba ezikhathaza kakhulu, u-Black Jack kumelwe avume ukuthi akukho khono elingabuyisela umonakalo, ukunqanda ukuguga, noma ukudalelwa. Itshe elikhumbulekayo lisebenzelana nesiguli esimi esigudlana esifuna u-Black Jack enze uchungechunge olunzima, oluze lungaphumeleli ekugcineni ukuze akhulise ukuphila, aphakamise imibuzo emayelana nomehluko phakathi kokwandisa ukuphila nokuqhubeka kokuhlupheka. UTezuka umfundisi wezokwelapha umfundisile ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi uyakwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo, ukuhlakanipha okugcwele uchungechunge lwezinqubo zokunakekela amahlala ekhona okusanda kuthola isisekelo senkulumo yezokwelapha.

Izindlela Ezinethonya Ezifundisa Izimiso Ezifanele

UTezuka uhlakaniphe kakhulu hhayi nje kuphela ekuhlelweni kwezimiso zemfanelo kodwa nendlela ayinikeza ngayo. Ukulandisa kwakhe ngokubukeka kwe-schopyworth indawo ephezulu, ukuklama kwe-athom, nokusetshenziswa kobuciko kokuthula ezigcawini zangemva kokuhlinzwa, .Izimo ze-Tezuka zabafundi zifake emqondweni wenkinga ngayinye. Wayevame ukusebenzisa i-Rashomon-mon, ebonisa inkinga efanayo yezokwelapha ngokubheka izinto eziningi: isiguli, umkhaya, umqondisi wesibhedlela, udokotela ohlinzayo ophikisayo, no-Black Jack ngokwakhe. Lendlela iphoqa abafundi ukuba bahlale imibono ephikisanayo, iqinise uzwela ngokokuziphatha. Uchungechunge luhlanganisa amagama angempela nemininingwane ye-procratic, ukuhlinza okumangalisayo kwesayensi futhi ngaleyondlela kuchule iziphuzo. Kubafundi abaningi, [FLLD [10] [5] kulokhu kuveza ukudamba kwabo okunganisa ukungenwa kwemizwa kwemizwa yimivuvuvuvuvuzo], noma ukungethelela i-mivuvuvuvuvuvuvuvu.

Ithonya Elingalé Kwesiko Elivamile

Ithonya [[FLT: 0] Elimnyama Jack [[FLT: 1] ku-manga elandelanayo ne-aine alinakumiswa ngokweqile. Yaqala i- “manga” jiniphani eyafakwa kamuva engathi [[FLT:] Monster[[FLT:] , [[FLT]], [[FLT:] [4] Medical Dragon[[[FLT]] [[FLT]], [[FLT]] futhi [[FLT]] ifaka umsebenzi [[FLT:]]] [[FLT]] [12]] ikhiphela imingcele yayo ezindaweni ezingaphezulu. Uhlelo oluphezulu lwesayensi yokwelapha, iyakwazi ukuvuma ikhono le-Tezazuka] futhi i-'unika i-evolution ekhuthayo ekhutha i-'uhlaneke kakhulu.[FoFoces][10]

Black Jack Emfundweni Yezokwelapha

Mhlawumbe okuphawuleka kakhulu ekuvuthweni kwaloluchungechunge ukuthathwa kwalo hlelo lwezifundo zezokwelapha. EJapane, izingcaphuno ezivela kuJack Mnyama zisetshenziswe emahholo ezifundo zemfundo zaseyunivesithi nasezikoleni zezokwelapha ukukhuthaza izingxoxo zobungcweti, isineke sokubekezela, nokuhlela ngokunakekela okuphambili. Imibono ye-manga esobala engabonakali, inkolelo eyimfihlo futhi esikhundleni sokucwisisa abafundi ezinkingeni zokungavumelani nokuziphatha. Izazi ziye zahlola indlela uchungechunge lwemvume yolwazi, ukwabiwa kwempahla, nokuphela kwezokunakekela ukuphila phakathi kwamabalazwe. Njengoba i-World World Medicalmentations Association yezimiso zokwelapha [Foct: Fluex3] iveza, ukuchaza kwezemfundo, ukukhubazeka kwezemfundo, imisebenzi yokuqala futhi inzuzo yezemisebenzi yokuqala, njengoba lendlela yokuqala yokusebenza, i-Teka, iwusizo sendlela engoko engoko engoko lodokotela.

Ukuziphakamisa Nemingcele Entsha Yanamuhla

Emashumini eminyaka ngemva kwesiphetho sayo, uJack ufundeka hhayi njengenkathi yezindaba kodwa njengesibikezelo esimangalisayo sesikhathi esizayo sokuziphatha kokwelapha. Ikhulu lama-21 liye laletha ukuhlelwa kwe-CRISPR, ukucubungula kobuhlakani, ukudalula izitho zomzimba, ukushushumbisa amahlazo, kanye nokuhlasela okuthatha izinhlu zomzimba, izihloko zezindaba zesikhathi esezihlolwe uTezuka's. Uma indaba ebhulabhula ngekusasa lika-1975 ihlola ukuthi umthola ezokwelapha kufanele ubeke isiguli esimpofu, uveza izimpikiswano zanamuhla zokungalingani kwempilo. Lapho ubuchwepheshe buveza ikhono lomuntu, umuntu ulindele ukudayisa abantu abangabantu abangabantu abangabantu abangabantu nezinto ezithile. [[5]

Ukungaphelelwa Isikhathi Kwemibuzo Yokuziphatha YaseTezuka

Okwenza uJack Mnyama udwendwe oluphambili lwendaba engokokuziphatha ukwenqaba kwakhe ukushumayela. UTezuka akalokothi abeke unyawo lwakhe njengegunya lokuziphatha elingenaphutha; uBlack Jack uvame ukuba nobugovu, ubhobhoshongo, futhi ukude ngokomzwelo. Izinketho zakhe zokuya ezindleleni zokuthatha isinyathelo sokulunga ziyaphazamisa, ngokuvamile zishiya umonakalo owenziwe ngokuhloniphekayo. Lokhu kuhlonipha ukuhlakanipha komfundi nobufakazi beqiniso lomthetho ongokoqobo wezokwelapha: ngisho nodokotela abangcono kakhulu benza amaphutha, babhekene nemiphumela engahleleki, futhi baphile ngemiphumela. Njengoba izizukulwane ezintsha zithola uchungechunge oluqoqwe ngevolithi, izibalo, noma ngisho nokuthatha isinyathelo sokusebenza kwezithombe eziyinhloko ze-movie, imiyalezo ephakathi: Umuthi awukho neze isayensi eqinile, kodwa isilinganiso esiqinile, nesilinganiso sobuphilile, isilinganiso sobuphiliziwe, futhi izimpawu.

Ifa Eliphilayo Ngezincwadi Nangalé Kwazo

Ifa lika UJack Manje lidlulela ngalé kwekhasi le-manga. Liye lashukumisela ukuboniswa kobuciko bomusa, imikhankaso yokuqapha kwezokwelapha, ngisho nemali yangempela exhasa ukuhlinza emiphakathini egciniwe. I-Tezuka ikhono lobuciko lokuphoqelela ukulandisa ngezimiso zezimiso zezimiso zokuziphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi labangela ukuba kuvele inganekwane lapho izihloko zezokwelapha ziphathwa khona ngekhono lokuhlakanipha nangozwela olujulile. Enkathini yezimiso zokusebenza kwengqondo nezingxoxo ezihlukene, ukuphinde kuphinde kubuye kusetshenziswe [ uJack [FLT] [[FLD:3] unikeza ithuba elingavamile lokuhlala ngokuziphatha okungahluzekile nangozwela olukhulu. Umkhuba owenqaba ukuba ulwelwelwelwelwe sonke isimiso sobuntu. Ube enqaba ukuba sisebenze sonke.[indlela yokulwane, ukulwa kwento efuna ukulwa, futhi inzuzo, yonke.