Table of Contents

Imisebenzi embalwa yezindaba eziqanjiwe ezithandwayo iye yahlukanisa isisekelo sokuziphatha kwabantu ngokungapheli njenge-Tsugula Ohba neTakeshi Obata Ukufa phawula . Ngaphandle, kuyinto evusa amadlingozi ngencwadi ebulala. Ngaphansi kwe-Ssuumi, kodwa, kugcwele ukuhlola okungapheli kombuzo wefilosofi ohlala njalo: kuphelelaphi futhi kuqale okubi? Ngokulandela imingcele engokwengqondo ye-Light Yagami, ukuhlakanipha okumelwe kuthathwe ngabacuphi, kanye ne-Suvourism yeSinigami Ryuk, uchungechunge luveza ukukhohlisa okududuzayo ukuthi ukuziphatha kusendaweni yonke. Kunalokho, kwembula indawo lapho kunezinhloso, amandla oziphethe, futhi uqobo.

Umphumela Wokuwohloka Kokuziphatha

Uhambo lwe-Light Yagami lungangeni ebubini obungalindelekile kodwa luyokwehla kancane kancane kwemizwa yakhe yokuziphatha. Ekuqaleni, ungumfundi oyisibonelo (oyisijeqe, onezimiso, futhi othweswe umuzwa ojulile wesithukuthezi. ] UDeath phawula [] akamngcolisi kakhulu njengoba eveza i-athonsious esheshayo. Ukubulala kwakhe kokuqala kuqhutshwa yingxube yentukuthelo eshaqisayo nenobulungisa: uvivinya incwajana ebhandeni yabathunjwayo futhi abese ehlasela umgwaqo, ngokushesha ebulala lezizenzo zokubulala njengobulungisa. Lokhu kuveza ukudalulwa kokuziphatha, okubonakala kuyindlela engokomzimba ebonakala ngo-Albert Bira. Ngokubulala u-bomvu, ngokuqamba ilule i-Light, eveza ukubukeka komfundi odumile esikoleni sokuzilungisa.

Ukushintsha Okuqhubekayo Kokukhanya Kokukhanya Kokukhanya Kohlobo LwaseYagami

Lolu chungechunge lubonisa ukuvumelana okuvumela uKwena ukuba lubulale abantu abaningi ngaphandle kokuzibonele ukuthi banecala. Inyathelo ngalinye . "lokufaka isigwebo sokubulala abantu abaningi" linezelele izigebengu, bese kuba ama-FBI, abantu abangenacala abasongela ukumazi kwakhe("is) futhi bahambisana nokulunga ngaphakathi okugcina inganekwane yakhe ewubuqhawe. Le nqubo iveza inkolelo yokungaqondi okungaqondani, lapho abantu beshintsha khona izinkolelo zabo ukuze zivumelane nezenzo zabo kunokuba bavume iphutha. Ukukhanya akunakukwamukela ukuthi useye waba umbulali, ngakho uphinde abulale njengendlela edingekile yokudala izwe elingcono. Usizi lokuphatha iziphakamiso ezimbili eziphikisanayo (“I ngingumuntu omuhle” futhi“ ngibulala abantu” luxazululwe ngokuguqula indlela yakhe yokuziphatha kuze kube yilapho iphikisana.

UNkulunkulu Oyinkimbinkimbi Nonokuchayeka

Njengoba uchungechunge luqhubeka, ulimi lukaLight lushintsha lusuka ku- “Ngizokwenza izwe libe indawo ephephile” lube“ngiyoba unkulunkulu wezwe elisha.” Lokhu kushintsha ukusuka kumvikeli owenantiya kuya kumphathi owedlulele kumbusi ebonisa ukonakala kwamandla angalinganiyo. Izazi zengqondo zivame ukubhekisela ku-[FLD:0] u-hubris [[FLT:]] syndromes [], isibonelo esiphawuleka kubaholi abahlakulela ukuzicabangela nokuzisola okungenangqondo nokudelela abanye ngemva kokuthola ulawulo oluphelele. Ukukhanya kuveza zonke izingcawulo zakho: uzibona ngaphezu kokuziphatha okuvamile, uzibona emelene nokukhubazeka, futhi ulahlekelwa amandla okuthinta ubuhlobo obuqotho nabantu. Ukukhanya akunikeli nje ukubulala ukubulala; uLimbe lunikeza ezinye izithi, noma ezinye izithi ezithiyo.

Umbono WeShinigami: Ukunganaki Okukhona KukaRyuk

Ryuk serves as a philosophical foil to the humans whose lives he disrupts. He is neither good nor evil in any conventional sense; he is profoundly bored. His decision to drop the Death Note into the human world is motivated by nothing more than a desire for entertainment. This indifference forces readers to view the entire moral drama from an external, amoral vantage point—one that exposes the human need to impose meaning on chaos.

UbuNihil Nesithukuthezi Sokungafi

U-Ryuk ukhona ngenye yezindawo ezingapheli. Endaweni yaseShinigami, ukuphila kuye kwalahlekelwa yikho konke ukuphuthuma ngenxa yokuthi akukho kufa. Umelela umbono wobungani lapho amanani enziwa khona abantu aqonde endaweni yonke engayinakekeli. Uma uLight ecela ubulungisa njengobulungisa, uRyuk ukuthola ukuthi kuyahlekisa. Ukuhleka kwakhe akunawo umbono wendalo egcwele kodwa kubonakalisa umbono wendalo: konke ukuziphatha kwabantu kuwukudlala isithunzi sodonga lomhume. Lokhu kuveza isixwayiso sikaFriedrich Nietzchesche lapho izindinganiso ezingokwesiko ziwohloka, isintu kumelwe sibhekane neze ngaphandle kokuveza inkohliso entsha. URyuk uveza lokho kuyize, nokukkluthuka kwakhe kuyindlela engokomzwelo yokususa incazelo engokwezinga elibalulekile. [Fluson] [0]

Indima Yesibukeli: Ukungahloniphi KukaRyuk Njengenkulumo Yokuziphatha

Ngokungafani nodeveli ongumKristu olinga futhi onakalise, uRyuk akaphoqeleli ukukhanya ebubini; umane nje uyawaqapha. Imithetho kaDeath metary ibekwe phambi kwecala, futhi uKwesi sizenzele izinqumo. Lomklamo ubaluleke ngokwezimiso: ugcizelela ukuthi amandla obudlova asemahlombe asemahlombe omuntu, hhayi kumuntu oweqashayo. Ukungahloniphi kukaRyuk kuqokomisa futhi isihloko sokuzikhethela. Ukukhanya akunakusola amandla amademoni ngezenzo zakhe; ububi buvela ekucabangeni kwakhe siqu. Ngokuveza iShinigami, u-Ohba enqaba indaba engokwesiko yobubi obunamandla angaphezulu nangaphezulu kokuziphatha kwabantu.

IL Nempi Yama - Wits Njengesizathu Sokusebenza Kwengqondo

Impi phakathi kwe L ne Light ayiyona indaba yokusesha; iyisibuko esingokwengqondo. L, ogama lakhe langempela lingu-L Lawliet, uqobo lwakhe luyisihlakaniphi esingaphandle − usebenza ngaphandle kobulungisa obuvamile kodwa uhlala esekelwe esimisweni esiyisisekelo: akekho umuntu okufanele abe namandla okunquma ukuphila nokufa kamuva. Umbango wabo uveza ukusabela okuhlukene kabili ezweni eliphukileyo: Ukukhanya ufuna ukuphoqelela ukuhleleka ngokwesaba, kuyilapho uL efuna iqiniso ngokuphenya ngokuphikelela.

IFrame Yokuziphatha KaL: Ubulungisa Njengokuphishekela Ukufundisa

L usondela ecaleni leKira ngaphandle kobumsulwa bokuziphatha. Usebenzisa ukukhohlisa ngokuzithandela, ubeka abangenacala engozini, futhi uvuma ukuthi “uyisilomo esingathembekile, esikhohlisayo” nokho ongathandi okubi. Lokhu kuqaphela kumenza ahlukane nokukhanya okuzifihlayo. Ukuziphatha kokukhanya kungumthetho owenziwe ngendlela elungile; ukholelwa ukuthi ubulungisa bufuna inqubo, ngisho noma iphutha, ngoba amandla aphelele onakalisa. Izindlela zakhe zihambisana noJohane Shayd Nowl ngokomthetho wobulungisa obungaphelele, lapho inqubo elungile iqinisekisa khona ngokumelene nobushiqela, ngisho noma imiphumela ingalungile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isimo sodumo sokuziphatha kodumo, u L ukugqoka izicathuthu, nokudla ukudla okunoshukela akubonisi nje ukukhomba.

IParanoia, Ukuzihlukanisa, Nezindleko ZikaGeneus

Kokubili iL ne Light zihlukaniswe kakhulu, futhi lokhu kuzihlukanisa kubangela ukweqisa kwabo ngokwengqondo. Ithemba alikho muntu ngokuphelele; izwe lakhe liyisimiso sokuqapha nokusola. Lokhu kuhlala ngokungenangqondo kuvela ngezindleko zokwaneliseka okungokomzwelo, kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi ingabe ingqondo emsulwa ingake iphile nenhliziyo engumuntu. Ukufa kukaL kuwumphumela olandiswa walesihloko: akanqotshwa ngoba uLight uhlakaniphile, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi uLight uzimisele ukusebenzisa izibopho ezingaphezulu kakhulu futhi usebenzise izibopho ezingokomzwelo eziye zakhiwa ngokungenangqondo. Lo chungechunge lusikisela ukuthi ukuphila okusekelwe ekusondweni okungenathemba kuyinto engenakulinganiswa nalutho ezweni lapho uthando lusalokhu lukhona.

Isayensi Yokusebenza Kwabantu Empini: I - Utilitarianism iphikisana nesayensi yokwakheka kwezwe

Akukho kuxoxisana nge Incwajana yokufa [ iphelele ngaphandle kokuhlola ama-sakhelo efilosofi acelwa yizifebe zayo. Ukukhanya kungumphathi ozifaka ngokwakhe, kuyilapho abagxeki bakhe bengaqondi bamukela izimpikiswano zezesayensi yokuphela kwecala nezobuhle. Uchungechunge luthatha indawo yempi yemibono yokuziphatha lapho kungekho simiso siphuma singakhuli.

I - calculus Yokukhanya Ewusizo

Ukukhanya kugomela ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ukubulala kwakhe kuyophumela enjabulweni enkulu kakhulu enanini elikhulu: izimpi zizophela, amazinga obugebengu azoncipha, futhi inkathi entsha yokuthula izoqala. Lena inkathi ejwayelekile yezenzo zokuphatha izikhawu, ehlola ukuziphatha kwesenzo esisekelwe emiphumeleni yayo. Nokho, uchungechunge ludalula ukubuswa kobukhazikhazikhazi benjabulo. Ubani onquma isimo sokukhanya “” esiwukuhle, kususa noma ubani omelene naye, ekugcineni kuhlanganise novila nongenazithelo. Izenzo zobufundisi ngaphandle kwesimiso esimisiwe sokuchaza inhlalakahle ethokomeleni lomshini. [[FLDY:]]

Izenzo ZomKira Ngezinhlayiya Zokukhulekela

Izimiso zokusebenza kwesayensi yemvelo, ezidume kakhulu ngokuhlangene noImmanuel Kant, zigcizelela ukuthi izenzo ezithile zingalungile ngokwezinga elithile, kungakhathaliseki imiphumela. Ukuqamba amanga, ukuphambanisa, futhi ikakhulukazi ukubulala akunakuthethelelwa ngisho noma ziveza izwe elibonakala lingcono. Kulombono, Ukukhanya kungumbulali kusukela ngesikhathi ebhala igama lakhe lokuqala, futhi akukho nani lokuthula elilandelayo elingasusa lokho kwephulwa ngokuphelele. Lochungechunge lunikeza izwi kulesikhundla ngezimpawu ezinjengoSoichiro Yagami, uyise kaLight, ofaka isibopho esinezimiso zomthetho nomsebenzi ngisho nalapho umthetho ubonakala unganele. Ubuhlungu bakhe ngokusola indodana yakhe buyintengo engathi intengo enkulu yokusekela izimiso zokuziphatha eziwohlokayo.

Izimiso Zobuhle Nokonakala Kobuntu

Ilens yesithathu, ukuziphatha okuhle, akugxili ezenzweni noma emiphumeleni kodwa kubuntu be-athoristotle. Ngaphansi Isaziso sokufa , ukhanyiso lokukhanya luyawohloka kusuka ekuqeqesheni nasekuhambeleni nasekulawuleni nasekubuseni. Ngisho nomkhaya wakhe uba yithuluzi. Ukulunga, okusekelwe kuyifilosofi ka-Aristotle, kungalahla lokhu shintsho njengokonakala [[FLT: 2] [[FLT]] uJudaniania [ [uchuka] oluchumayo luvela kumoya olungele ukuhleleka kahle. Uchungechunge lusikisela ukuthi noma yikuphi ukufuna ukulunga okufuna ukubhujiswa kobuntu bomuntu siqu kungukuzibhubhisa. Ngokugcina, uKwelibo akuyiyo, kodwa kungcono iqhawe futhi kulahlekelwe yiqhawe elidabukisayo, kuhlanganise nomphakathi wakhe.

I - Psychology of Buvil: Indawo Ezungezile, Amandla, Nokungavunyelwa Kobudlova

[ Isaziso sokufa [ sisebenza njengesifundo sendaba yendlela abantu abavamile abanganqoba ngayo ububi lapho bebekwe ezimweni ezingavamile. Ukusebenza kwengqondo ezenhlalo kunikeza ukufana okusangulukisayo.

Ukulalela KukaMilgram Nethonya Lokufa

Ukucwaninga kukaStanley Milgram kokulalela kwabonisa ukuthi abantu abavamile bangalimaza kakhulu abanye lapho befundiswa umuntu onegunya. ISihlomo sokufa sisebenza njengohlobo lwegunya elingaqondakali − imvume enamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo ephundu ebulala njengesenzo esingokomthetho. Uma uKwenye ukhanyisile ukuvuma ukuthi incwadi iyiqiniso, ukuzimisela kwakhe ukuyisebenzisa kukhula ngegama ngalinye. Udwendwe lwezinga elingokomzimba nelingokomzwelo iDeath Learter idala (ukubulala ngaphandle kokubona isisulu) kunciphisa imingcele engokwengqondo, isici esaziwa ngokuthi [[FLT: 0]] ukubulala okunezelwe ngengozi [[FLD: 1]]. Uchungechunge lwezinhlophelo ezibonisa izinto ezifihlwaywe: ngokuvamile luwumphumela wesilokadlana futhi luwumphumela wezimbi. Ngoba lokhu kuhlola, ungabheka lokhu kuhlola [FFoct:] [Foct:] [2]

Umphumela WesiLucifer: Lapho Abantu Abalungile Bephenduka Ababi

“Imiphumela yeSiphetho sokufa” ichaza indlela amandla angokonya kanye nezindima zesimiso okungaguqula ngayo abantu abahloniphekile babe abavukeli bonya. Ukunqaba kokukhanya kokuqala ukubulala kuyaphela njengoba ehlala entweni kaKira. Ukungaqondakali kwe-Death Seach, ukuntuleka kokwaziswa okusheshayo, nokungavumelani okuqhubekayo nebalazwe eliqinile nebalazwe elingokomthetho elisekelwe ebalazweni elinamandla kakhulu kuZimbardo. Lolu chungechunge lusebenza njengenhle: umuntu omuhle onezinhloso ezinhle angaba injini yobubi uma enikezwa igunya elinganqanyulelwanganyiswanga, kanye nemibono elimazayo.

Ubulungisa, Ukuqapha, Nokungabi Nanjongo Komthetho

Icala leKira liphoqelela ukubala izibalo ngemingcele yezimiso zomthetho. Uma ubugebengu buphikelela naphezu kwemithetho, isilingo sokudlulisa inqubo efanele siba sikhulu. Isaziso sokufa [ sibuza lomsuka ngokwethembeka konya.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwendlela Yokuziphatha Ehlanzekile Endleleni Yokuqapha

I-apply iphethe isithembiso esidakayo: ubulungisa ngaphandle kokuphatha izintambo, isijeziso ngaphandle kokulibala. Ukuvela kokukhanya njengoba iKira iqala impikiswano yembulunga yonke, futhi ezweni lendaba, izakhamuzi eziningi ziyamsekela. Lokhu kuvunyelwa komphakathi kubonisa induduzo engokwengqondo yendaba elula /iigebengu zisuswa ngumsindisi olungile. Nokho, loluchungechunge luqala ukukwenza kube nzima lokhu: Kira iqala hhayi nje izigebengu ezinobudlova kuphela kodwa futhi ekugcineni nanoma ubani obonakala engenalutho. Umthambeka obhekene nobulungisa owenzelwe ukuphathwa kwesimiso sobukhalo uyingozi uyashelela, futhi lendaba ikwenza kucace ukuthi ubudlova obuqaphile, obuvamile, obuvamile, obungenakugwenywa. [[FL:] [BRInican engssssss inscismismism [FFop] [FLD]

Izimiso zomthetho ziphikisana nesijeziso sokubulala

Abaseshi abalandela uKira bamelela isisekelo somthetho esinephutha kodwa esidingekile. Maduze noMello, abalandeli be-L, abathatha indawo yecala ngalinye, izici ezihlukene zobunzima obungokomthetho: Ukuzimisela kukaMello ukusebenzisa ngaphandle komthetho ukuze aqede isiphetho esilungile, nokwemakhaza kukaNear, inqubo yokuhlela. Ukubambisana kwabo ekugcineni kusikisela ukuthi umthetho ufuna kokubili isimiso esiqinile necebo elivumelanayo lokulwa nezinsongo, kodwa akumelwe ulahle umnyombo oyinhloko wokuthi akukho muntu okufanele abambe amandla okuphila nokufa. UKira akakho ukunqoba nje komseshishi; kuyinqubo efanelekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulondoloza umphakathi, ukulondoloza ukuvumelana kwengqondo, elulazayo.

Izinkethe Eziwumfanekiso: Nietzsche, Arendt, Nokamu

[ Isaziso sokufa [ sithinta ifilosofi yamazwekazi ngezindlela eziyenza iphakame ngalé kwento evusa amadlingozi. Abalingisi basebenza njengezinto eziphilayo ezihlanganisa imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi, bemema abafundi ukuba bangene ezingqondweni ezithathe isikhathi eside zibambene nezimiso zokuziphatha.

Ngalé Kokuhle Nokubi: Ukukhanya njenge - ṭbermensch?

Ngokungalawuleki, umzamo wokukhanya wokudlula ukuziphatha okuvamile nokwakha izindinganiso zakhe siqu umqondo kaNietzsche we-‘bebermensch'sch', umuntu osungula izindinganiso ezintsha ngalé komhlambi wokuziphatha okuhle nokubi. Nokho ukufunda ngokuseduze kwembula ukuthi uKwesi lukhulu lwesixwayiso. I-hoberms uveza ukuchichima kokuphila, hhayi ngenxa yenzondo nesifiso sokujezisa. Iprojekthi yokukhanya ibangelwa yisidingo sokulawula nokuqaphela, eduze kwalokho uNietzsche azokubiza ngokuthi [[FLT:] [[FLT:]]. Uchungechunge luhlanganisa nomqondo ka-Nietzscheal u-Exchemensch ukuba ungakuvumi, kodwa ubuze ukuthi yini inqubo yokuqonda okungaqondani.

Ukungavumelani Kobubi Embusweni Wokufa WaseKira

Umqondo kaHannah Arendt wobubi uthola umfanekiso oshaqisayo ekusebenziseni kwakhe iDeath Noti. Ubhala amagama njengokungathi uqeda umsebenzi wobubhucucu, lapho udla amachashaza noma ukwenza umsebenzi wesikole wesikole. Okushaqisayo akubangelwa ukufisa kodwa akukhona ukukhanuka okungavamile kodwa akuntulisekiyo okuvamile, ukuphumelela okungenambangela ukuba abulale ukuphila. Ngaleyondlela i-Light’s’s asebenzisa ngendlela elula indlela yokusebenza yokufa. Ubhala amagama angathi ukuhluleka ukuthatha indiva izici zokuziphatha zomuntu. Ukukhanya akuwona umcaba ongathi akunangqondo; akawenzi, kodwa ukuhluphana kwakhe kusebenza ukuvikela kuyena ezimweni zezenzo zakhe. Ngakho uchungechunge u-Arettton lubonisa ukuqonda okukhulu ngokubonisa ngisho nokukhubaza ingqondo lapho kuveza ngisho nokuqondana.[3]

Ukufuna Ukuvelela Nokufuna Injongo Ezweni ElingenaNkulunkulu

Izwi eliphansi lokufa elikhona Isaziso sokufa [[FLT: 1] sivumelana nefilosofi ka-Albert Camus yengqondo engenangqondo. Abantu bafisa incazelo endaweni yonke enikeza ngekho, futhi lokhu kuphikisana kudala ingxabano engapheli. Ukukhanya kuzama ukuba unkulunkulu kuwukuvukela okungenangqondo, okuwubudlova bencazelo yakhe entweni engabonakali. Ngokungafani, uRuk wamukela imfihlakalo futhi akasaphikisi; waneliswa ukubuka umbukwane. Loluchungechunge lusikisela ukuthi ukuvukela kokukhanya akusizi lutho, kulahlwa ngoba kuphika ukuthi ukuphila okuyisisekelo kuyinto engekho emthethweni nennkimbinkimbinkimbi. Iqhawe, iqhawe, iCmusmus, ingaphikisa ukuqaphela ubuwula obungenangqondo.

Isiphetho: Isibuko Sobuntu

Isaziso sokufa asibekezeli ngoba sinikeza isifundo sokuziphatha esicacile kodwa ngenxa yokuthi siyanqaba. Sinikeza abafundi abanombono onamandla noyisigebengu, isisulu nohlupho lokuzilimaza kwabo siqu ngokwengqondo. Ngokuhlanganisa imicu yefilosofi yokuziphatha, ukuhlolwa kokuziphatha okuhle, nokuhlola okukhona, uchungechunge luguqula umbono onamandla anamandla ajulile ube ukuzindla okujulile ngalokho okusho ukuthi umuntu uyini. Ukufa ngokwako kunguphawu oluyinhloko: lokungabi nacala, lokuziphendulela isahlulelo, nokungaphenduli ukuthi ngamunye wethu kumelwe aphendule ngokuthi, ubani, yini, noma yini, okusenza sichaze kahle? Izihloko eziseceleni ukuthokozisa, esikhundleni sokusivumela ukuba sihlale sikhululekile, mhlawumbe, futhi sikhethe ngokukhanya, kulungile, futhi kulungile, kuYemi.