Table of Contents

I-Anime sekuyisikhathi eside iyindlela yokungena ebanzi yomlando waseJapane, inikeza okungaphezu kokuzijabulisa. Uma ubuka uchungechunge oluhlelwe esikhathini esidlule, awulandeli nje indaba; ungena entweni engokwesiko. I-amime engcono kakhulu emlandweni ithatha umoya wesamurai, izigqi zansuku zonke zomphakathi we-Edo, ukunyakaza kokuzinza kwesimanje, kanye nokuthula kwabantu abavamile abaphila ezikhathini ezingavamile. Lokhu kubonisa ukuphila kwakudala, kuhlanganisa ukucwaninga okucophelelayo nezimpawu ezishukumisayo.

Kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda iJapane ngalé kwezibani ezikhanyayo nezitimela zanamuhla, i-antimie engokomlando inikeza ifasitela lomuntu elifinyelelekayo nelijulile. Ufunda ngezimiso zokuhlonipha, isigaba somphakathi, ubuciko bezesiko, kanye nethonya elihlala njalo lempi, ngesikhathi ucwiliswe ekulandiseni okuhlaba umxhwele. Lo mqondisi uzokuhamba ngezindlela ezichazayo ze-genre, inkathi eyisihluthulelo ehlolayo, kanye nezihloko zokuqasha ezinikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okungokwesiko okuyiqiniso. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumuntu othanda umlando noma ungumuntu nje othanda kakhulu, lezi zihloko ezihambisana nohlelo ziyo ziyo ziyoguqula indlela obheka ngayo isikhathi esidlule.

Yini Echaza I - Anime Engokomlando Ebekwe EJapane?

Umlando i-amime awuwona nje umboniso ohlanganisa inkemba noma i-kimono; uhambo lwamabomu oluya esikhathini esithile esiqondile sobubanzi besikhathi sangempela saseJapane. Isimo sivela ezinkathini ezibhaliwe njenge-Heian, Kamatura, Sengu, Edo, Meiji, Taishō, noma izinkathi zeShōwa. Okuhlukanisa lezi zihloko yisibopho sabo sokwenza imbonakalo nezindawo zomphakathi: uyoqaphela izakhiwo ezinembile, izingubo zenkathi, izikhali, ngisho nezingahluziwe ezicashile zolimi nezimiso zokuziphatha.

Isici esiyisisekelo ukuxubana kwezenzakalo ezingokoqobo nokulandisa okuqanjiwe. Izimpi zangempela, ukushintsha kwezombangazwe, kanye nezinhlangano zamasiko zakha iscancread lapho abadali bakha khona abalingi bakuqala namadrama omuntu siqu. Ngokwesibonelo, ungalandela umkhandi wezinkemba ozulazulayo phakathi nokuwa kwe-shogunate, noma intombazane encane ehlola ukuhlukaniswa kweMpi Yezwe II. Izindaba zivame ukuhlola izihloko zobuqotho, ubuni, kanye nokushintsha kwe-societal . Ngokuyisisekelo, lokhu kwenza ukuba isilinganiso sakudala sizwakale sikhulu, hhayi njengokungena encwadini.

Okwenza Umlando WaseJapane Ube Umthombo Ongapheli

Inkathi edlule yaseJapane igcwele izikhathi zokuguqulwa okukhulu okuzenza zibonakale zinkulu izinganekwane. Kusukela ezimpini zombango ezingapheli zenkathi yeSengaku kuya ekuvuselelweni kwenkathi yesimanje okunzima kweMeiji Resolution, inkathi ngayinye iqukethe ukungezwani okuzuzwe ngefa phakathi kwesiko nokusungulwa. Lokhu kushintsha kwadala uqhekeko olujulile lwefilosofi, izingxabano ezishubile, nemihlatshelo yobuqhawe eyenza ingabi nakulibaleki.

Ukugcizelela kwempucuko emiqondweni enjengethi giri [i-divosi] kanye [i-njō [ [umzwelo womuntu] unikeza ubunkimbinkimbinkimbi besimilo obungavamile ukutholakala kwezinye izimiso. Izimpawu zivame ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwezibopho zazo enkosini, emkhayeni, noma ezweni, noma ezifihlwayo zazo. Lesiyaluyaluyayo, esibekwe esisekelwe esizinzini sezenzakalo ezingokoqobo, sinikeza umqondo ojulile wezigxobo. Awubukeleli nje kuphela impi; ufaka isiphetho sayo yonke indlela yokuphila. Iqiniso elingokomzwelo, eligxile kakhulu esizweni, kungani lena ingaphakathi ngisho nasemhlabeni wonke uma umlando othile ujwayelekile.

Izikhathi Eziyinhloko Ezingokomlando Ezibangela I - animine

Inkathi yeSenga (c. 1467,1615): Inkathi ye-Warring States

Lenkathi yempi ecishe ibe khona njalo iyisimo esiyinhloko sesamurai eqopha umlando. Imikhankaso yokuHlaziya iholwa yizibalo ezinjenge-Oda Notunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, neTokugawa Ieyasu inikeza inzuzo enkulu yezembuyiselo zezombangazwe kanye nezimpi ezinkulu zesilinganiso. I-Anime eqanjwe kulenkathi iqokomisa isiphithiphithiphithi semiphakamo yezizwe eziphikisanayo, ukuvela kwe-ninja, nokwakheka konya lweJapane ehlangene.

Inkathi ye - Edo (1603-1868): Ukuthula, impucuko, nezwe elintantayo

Ngaphansi kweTokugawa shogunate, iJapane yabhekana nokuthula okungaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka. Lokhu kuqina kwavumela ukuchuma kwamasiko asedolobheni emadolobheni anjenge-Edo (iTokyo yanamuhla) ne-Osaka. Umlando onzima kusukela kulenkathi usuka edrameni yempi futhi esikhundleni sawo uhlola ukuphila kwabathengisi, abenzi bemisebenzi, abadlali bekhabuki, kanye namabhuloho. Isimiso sesigaba esiqinile kanye nobunzima phakathi kokulawula komphakathi okuqinile kanye nokulawula kwenkangala “zwe elinqalayo” kwakha izigilayezo ezingokwesifiso somuntu nemithetho.

Ukubuyiselwa kweMeiji (1868-1912): Ikhefu lakudala neNew

Ukushintsha ngokushesha kwesizwe esizimele samakhosi kuya embusweni wanamuhla kwadala inkinga enkulu yokuzichaza. Isigaba se-Samurai saseNtshona nenkanyezi sagcwala, futhi isizwe sazama ukuvundisa ngokwaso. Lenkathi iyi-scheme yokuhlola ukulahleka kwamasiko, ukungaqondi “intuthuko,” kanye nabantu abazithola besodwa besodwa phakathi kwezwe. Umehluko obonakalayo wemiklamo ephezulu nemicu yempi nezakhiwo zezitini wenza ukuba kubonakale ngokushesha ukuhlelwa kwenqubo.

ITaishō Intando Yeningi Kuqala (1912-1945): Ukubusa Kwanamuhla Nenhlekelele

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka kwaletha ukuchuma kwesikhashana kwemibono yentando yeningi, inkanuko, kanye nezinhlangano zobuciko ezinjenge euro gnensesu [, kulandelwa ukuwela ebumnyameni emkhosini wempi naseMpini Yezwe II. I-Anime ibekwa kulenkathi ngokuvamile i-juptapose ukubukeka kweTaishō-era cafera kanye nemfashini ebonakala imfihlo esondelayo yempi. Umphumela uwukuhlola ukuphila kwansuku zonke futhi okudabukisayo, ukuthoba kokuthula, kanye nezindleko zomuntu zentando yesizwe.

Indaba Engokomlando Ibalulekile Ukuze Ibe Nokuhlangenwe Nakho Okuyiqiniso

URurouni Kenshin: Ukukhululwa eNkathini YeMeiji

Ibekwe ngo-1878, uRurouni Kenshin ulandela uHiura Kenshin, owayeyimbulali owafunga ukuthi akaphinde abulale. Ukhipha iJapane entsha ngenkemba ebuyayo exubile, uhlangana nezitha zakhe zakudala ezichitha igazi futhi ulwa ukuze avikele abangenacala. Lolu chungechunge lufanekisa kanjani ukuziphatha okusolwele ukuvukela: ukwakha kanjani umphakathi onokuthula lapho izandla zakho zingcoliswe ubudlova obukwenza kube nokwenzeka? uSengaoku-eraflash ne-Meji-era zinikezwa izigcawu zomgwaqo ngokunakekela okumangalisayo, kusukela ezithombeni zamaphoyisa ukuya ekushintsheni idolobha.

I - golden Kamuy: IHokkaido Yangemva Kwempi Nempucuko Yabomdabu

Igolide iKamuy iyakuyisa emngceleni omangelengele wasenyakatho ngemva kweMpi yaseRusso yaseJapane. Lendaba ihamba enqabeni yentombazane ezingelwayo, i-Aitune, i-Asirpa, neyakudala i-Sulderirmoto, ifuna igolide elifihliwe. Okukwenza kuhlukane le-aimae ukuchaza kwayo okukhulu nenhlonipho isiko le-Ainu, ulimi, nezinkolelo ezingokomoya, okungavamile futhi okuyigugu kubantu bomdabuzwe abavame ukunganakwa. Uzofunda ngokuzingela, ukupheka, nezingubo, konke kugcwele izimpawu zobukhakhakha.

Kulo Mphetho Wezwe: Ukuphila Kwansuku Zonke Phakathi Nesikhathi Sempi

Nakuba izindaba eziningi zeWWII zigxile ezimpini, Kulendawo yezwe kuseSuzu, inkosikazi encane ehlala eHiroshima nase Kure phakathi kwawo-1940. Ngemibono yayo ethambile, enobuciko, ubhekana nokukhukhuleka okuhamba kancane kokuvamile: ukwabela, ukuhlasela komoya, nokubekezela okubuhlungu kwezakhamuzi. Imfaniso enjenge-Jove Inter iveza ubuhle bolwandle olugcwele ingqikithi yempi. Ifilimu ejulile eyenza umlando ube nomlando ube nobuntu obukhulu, ibonisa indlela imikhaya evamile ebhekana ngayo nezimo ezingaphezu kokulawula kwayo.

I - “Shona Genroku Rakugo Shinju ”: Ubuciko Bokulandisa

Kusukela ngawo-1930 kuya kulokhu okwamanje, lokhu kungazinzi kungena ezweni le rakugo, uhlobo olungokwesiko lwendaba yamahlaya. Ngokusho okuhambisanayo kwabadlali abaningana, ubona ushintsho lweJapane kusukela ekululameni kwangaphambi kwempi kuya ekuvuselelweni futhi ekugcineni kobunyeni bama - speed. Ukuzilibazisa ngokucophelela kwe-Spera-era, imigwaqo, kanye nezici zezenhlalo kukwenza uzizwele ukudlula kwamashumi eminyaka. Ufunda ngesimo sobuciko esake sasebenza njengomthombo oyinhloko wezokuzilibazisa, kanye nomphumela ogcina isiko esinyamalalayo sithatha kubantu abalusebenzisayo.

ISamurai Engalindelekile: IKamakura Inkathi Yokusinda

Kusekelwe ethandweni leqiniso le Hōjō Tokiyuki, loluchungechunge olunobungqabavu lulandela indlalifa encane ngemva kokuqothulwa kwesizwe sayo phakathi nokuwa kweKamatura shogunate ngo-1333. Ukuhloma ngekhono elingavamile lokubalekela nokusinda kuphela, uTokiyuki uhamba ngezwe elikhohlisayo lezombangazwe. I-aimae ilinganisela ukubulala okungokomlando kanye nokuzibhikisha kwezombangazwe kanye nesithombe esiyingqayizivele, esebenzisa indlela efana nemifanekiso yemidwebo yemidwebo yakudala ukuze abonise kokubili ukwesabisa nokudlula kwesikhashana. Kuyindlela entsha yokungena eqokomisa inkathi engavezwangajwayelekile kakhulu lapho ikhona izibukeli zanamuhla.

Izikhulu Ziyazindela: Inganekwane Nempi Yezimpumputhe

Nakuba iphupho liyiphupho, uHayao Miyazaki usungulwe kakhulu enkathini kaMuromachi (ngekhulu leminyaka lama-14 885). Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwensimbi ehlanganisa i-Irontown nemimoya yamahlathi yasendulo kubonakalisa impi yangempela engokomlando phakathi kokwanda kwemboni yomuntu nezwe elingokwemvelo. Ngohambo luka-Ashitaka, uhlangana nabantu abancishi abanochoko, amakoloni angochoko, kanye nobunkimbi bentuthuko. I-filimi i-Shintō aimism nezimiso zokuziphatha zobuBuddha ezisendabeni ezibonakala njengenganekwane ephilayo, eyenza ubudlelwane obungokomoya baseJapane bube yindaba engokoqobo nephuthumayo.

Amathuna Ezimpukane: Izindleko Zomuntu Zempi

Le filimu yeStudio Ghibli, eqondiswe ngu-Isao Takahata, iwumfanekiso oqinile wezinyanga zokugcina zeMpi Yezwe II. USeita nodadewabo omncane uSetsuko balwa kanzima ukuze baphile ngemva kokubulawa unina eKobe flastbombings. Le filimu ibonisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuwohloka komphakathi kanye nokuwohloka okuthatha kancane, umonakalo ongalungiseki wendlala nokuqhosha. Ayiyona inganekwane yezimpi zamaqhawe kodwa ingeyokuthula, inxushushunxushumbisa lokho okulahlekelene namazwe lapho eyiswa empini. Akukhona okunye okuthiwa kwempi okungahambisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwempi kweJapane.

Umoya Uyavuka: Amaphupho Obunjiniyela Ngaphambi Kwesiphepho

Indaba kaMiyazaki eqanjiwe yemidwebo kaJiro Horokoshi, umklami weMitsubishi A6M Zero, ukuzindla ngekhono lokwakha nobumpumputhe ngokokuziphatha. Ukubekwa ngokumelene neGreat Kanto Extinting ka 1923 nokuphakama kwempi, lefilimu ilandela ukukhathalela kukaJiro ukundiza nothando lwakhe ngowesifazane ogula kakhulu. I-aine incike entweni encikene kakhulu ye-Spea·reedy , izitimela ezimishishi, kanye nokuthandwa kwengcweti yokufuna ubuhle kuyilapho izikhali zomhlaba ngokwazo zisezobhujiswa.

UHeike Monogatari: Ukuwa Kwesimiso Sokwehluleka

Ivumelana nenkondlo edumile yekhulu le-13, le-anime ilandisa indaba yokuphakama kwesizwe saseTaira nokuwa kwaso ekugcineni phakathi neMpi yeGenpei (180-1185). Ukuvumelana namehlo kaBiwa, intombazanyana enamandla okubona ikusasa, uchungechunge luhlanganisa iqiniso elingokomlando nenhlekelele ehlasimulisayo. Ubuciko buveza imidwebo yasendulo ye-silika, kanye ne-amoprash exube izinsimbi zomculo kanye nomculo wesimanje ukuze wakhe umoya ozungezayo. Ubona isayensi yokungamelani amandla kanye nefilosofi yobuBuddha eyaveza inkathi.

OMdali Nezigqoko Ezathonya Uhlaza

Ithonya Lesisekelo Le - Osamu Tezuka

Izwe livame ukubizwa ngokuthi “uNkulunkulu weManga,” umsebenzi kaTezuka wabeka indinganiso yendlela umlando ongase uboniswe ngayo. Nakuba indalo yakhe edumile kakhulu ivame ukuphenduphenduka enganekwaneni yesayensi, indaba yakhe elandisa ngefilosofi − enyakazisa ukucwaninga okunzima ngemizwa ejulile . Izizukulwane eziphefumlelwe ze-antime. Iqoqo elinjenge- Phoenix[ iphephuka phakathi kwezinkathi, ifundisa ukuthi umlando uyaqhubeka, ukulandisa okuphilayo. Ifa lakhe liqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nenkathi ewumbukwayo ikhona iqukethe iqiniso eliyiqiniso lomuntu.

Ukukholelwa KuNkulunkulu Okungokoqobo Kwesigungu SikaStudio Ghibli

Hayao Miyazaki no-Isao Takahata baguqula izindaba ezingokomlando ngokugxila ezikhathini eziseduze zomuntu phakathi nezenzakalo ezinkulu. Amafilimu eGhibli alahla ubuqhawe obulula, kunalokho abonisa ubudlabha, ubuhle, futhi ngokuvamile iqiniso elibuhlungu lokuphila ngokushintsha. Ukunaka okungalawuleki kwendlela ezungezile. [1] Ukukhanya kuwela ngefasitela lokhuni, uhlobo lwendwangu yesandla (hhayimimese yakho ebanzi) uluyitshani lwesandla. Imisebenzi yawo enjenge- izikhulu ze-Monoke kanye [FLT:] ne [FLT] iTale of Princes Kaya [FLT] [FLD] [FFLT] ibhakm] amabhandeze eqolo ngenkathi icabanga.

Satoshi Kon Nomlando Wengqondo

Nakuba ingeyena umqondisi wezomlando ngomqondo ongokwesiko, iSatoshi Kon’s isebenzisa umlando wezithombe zebhayisikobho zaseJapane amashumi eminyaka njengesizinda sendaba yothando olugcweleyo. Le filimu ifingqa izikhathi nezinkumbulo, ibonisa ukuthi umlando womuntu siqu nowobuzwe uhlangene kanjani. Lendlela ithonya umlando wanamuhla ngokukhuthaza abakhi ukuba babheke isikhathi esidlule njengesiqalo samaqiniso kodwa njengoketshezi olungenamkhawulo, iveza lokho kuphawula.

Indlela Iqiniso Nenganekwane Okucatshangelwa Ngayo Engqondweni Engokomlando

Awukho umlando i-amime ewukuzala okuphelele; zonke izihloko ezilandelanayo kumelwe zilinganise ukunemba nezidingo eziphawulekayo. Izenzakalo zangempela zifinyezwe, izinombolo zezikhathi zishintshwa, futhi abalingiswa abaxubene abadalelwe ukunikeza ukulandisa. Lokhu akusona isici esingalungile kodwa isici se-metayela, okukuvumela ukuba uhileleke ekukhuleni okungokomzwelo ngaphandle kokuminyana ezingenisweni ezimfushane. Izenzakalo ezingcono kakhulu zibonakala kahle ngemicimbi yazo, zisebenzisa ukuqokomisa amaqiniso aluhlaza angeke adluliswe. Ngokwesibonelo, uhambo oluqanjiwe lungakhanyisa ukuhlupheka kwangempela kwesifunda sonke esingcono kunohlu lwamanani alimalayo.

Uma ubuka, ucelwa ukuba ubheke i - anime njengesiqalo. Ivusa ilukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, ikwenza ufunde ngohlobo lweHōjō noma abantu base-Ainu. Ngalendlela, loluchungechunge lusebenza njengebhuloho elisiza ekuqondeni okujulile komlando, kunokuba luthathe indawo yalo.

Ubuciko Nomsindo Wenkathi

Ukuba yiqiniso kwe-antime engokomlando akuphili nje kuphela kumbhalo kodwa nasemininingwaneni yezinzwa. Ukukhetha okubonakalayo njengemidwebo enemibala ephucukile, izizinda ze - ink-bhrashi, noma indlela eqondile [ fusema amaslide avuleka ngokushesha amisa inkathi. Ama-Cecream avame ukudalwa ngokunakekela okunemba: indlela eqondile ye- i-haori, ifit yentambo eyiyo ye [[FLT:]] b, indlela yemvula yomlimi. Le mifice yamehlo ibizwa phambi kwegama elilodwa elikhulunywayo.

Kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukuklanywa komsindo. I-shamisen, ujikijolo olugobile lwe-orchestral igeta etsheni, futhi umsindo omile wemakethe yasebusuku ugqunywe ukuze wakhe imisindo ecacile. Izingoma ezivame ukubambisana nabaculi bakudala ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi akudala nemidlalo ye-orchestral, ukwakha ibhuloho phakathi kwakhona namanje. Emfanekisweni uGenroku Rago Shin[, umnyombo wendaba ukhuluma ngayo, unikeza i-operalcriver ephakathi nendawo yakudala.

Lapho Uzoqala Khona: Okutuswayo Okusekelwe Ezithakazelweni Zakho

Uma usanda kukwazi ukuzwa umlando we - antimie, ukukhetha isiqalo kungaba nzima. Nasi isiqondiso esisheshayo sokukusiza ukuba uthole ukuthi ungene kahle kulolu hlobo:

  • ezesenzo sokukhuculula nobuciko benkemba: [[FLT]] Iqala [[FURUUNI] Kenshin[ noma ifushaniso lesihambi'''' [. Zombili zinikeza ukulwa okuvusa amadlingozi okusekelwe emzuzwini ongokomlando oqondile.
  • Ukwehla okujulile komlando wendabuko nowomdabu: Igolide Kamuy inikeza iso elingenakuqhathaniswa emasikweni ase-Ainu, amakhono okusinda, kanye nangemva kwempi Hokkaido.
  • ngezindaba zempi ezingokomzwelo, eziwuphawu-lunye: [[FT:2] Kulendawo yezwe [ kanye ne [[FLT]] izimpukane zomlilo [ ziyoshiya umbono ohlala njalo ngaphandle kokudumisa impi.
  • kumacebo ezombangazwe nenhlekelele yakudala: [Heike Monogatari ivumelanisa enye yemisebenzi yezincwadi ezinkulu kakhulu eJapane nobuciko obumangalisayo.
  • Ukuxuba idrama emnandi, idrama, nobuciko besiko: Umboniso uGendo-Rakugo Shinju [ uyinhlaka ewubuciko ngokulandisa ngokwayo, ukuhlelwa ngamashumi eminyaka enguquko.
  • Kumoya womkhaya othanda ukuzwana: amafilimu e-Studio Ghibli anjenge- iPrincess Monoke[ kanye noMnumzane Wami uTotoro [uhlelo lwe-Statul]] (ubekwe kwi-nostalic 1950)) unikeza izindlela ezimnene zokuthatha izimiso zempucuko.

Ngasinye salezi ziqu sihlonipha ukuhlakanipha kwezilaleli zethu lapho zinikeza ukuzijabulisa okuhlanzekile.

Ubuhle be-antimime engokomlando ebekwe eJapane busekelwe ekhonweni layo lokuguqula izenzakalo zakudala zakudala zibe yinto eyenzeka ngokushesha futhi zibe yizimpi. Awusona isibukeli esingenzi lutho kodwa uyisihambi esimenywa ukuba sihambe emigwaqweni yasendulo, sizwe ukuluma komoya wasebusika eHokkaido, futhi sizwe umsindo wezigubhu zomkhosi. Loluchungechunge lusikhumbuza ukuthi umlando awuyona nje inkathi nempi okungakholekiyo, eziningi zazo zisatshelwa ngobuciko bemifanekiso. Ngokuhlola lezizihloko, awuzuzi nje kuphela ukuzijabulisa kodwa ukuhlobana okuqinile, okuyiqiniso ngokwengeziwe nempucuko kanye nomoya waseJapane.