Inkathi yamaWarlord Ayisikhombisa ingenye yezahluko eziphawuleka kakhulu emlandweni, lapho ukuvelela, ukukhaphela, nokuqhaqhazela kwempi kwangqubuzana khona ukuze kuvuselele umbuso. Kukude nezimpi ezincane, izimpi ezalwiwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi zanquma imingcele yokuvela kwemibuso, ukuwa kwemibuso, ukudilika, kanye nezinganekwane eziqanjiwe eziqhubeka zizwakala ezincwadini, i-opera, nezindaba zanamuhla. Lesihloko sigxila kakhulu ezimpini eziyinhloko, sihlola izenzakalo zezombangazwe ezingaphansi kwalezinkathi zemisebenzi, nezingakhombiso ezichaza inkathi yempi. Asizukuhlolanga nje kuphela izingxabano ezidumile zeRed Cliff neGuandu kodwa futhi nolwembuku oluyinkimbinkimbi lwemibuthano kanye nefa elihlala emuva.

Ikhono Lezombangazwe Eladala Amakhosi Ayisikhombisa Empi

Ukuze umuntu aqonde izimpi, kumelwe aqale aqonde isiphithiphithi lapho kwavela khona izinduna. Isigaba samakhosi aseMpumalanga uHan sahlaselwa ukonakala kwenkantolo, ukuphatha kabi, ukuphatha kabi, nokuvukela komphakathi okusakazeke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi iYellow Turban Gauvers ka 184 AD. Uhulumeni ophakathi, obuthakathaka nohlaziyiwe, walahlekelwa amandla awo esifunda. Ababusi bamazwe abaphethe amabutho azimele, uBei [[FLTLT], ujikisha izifundazwe zaba izigebengu zomuntu siqu. Izingatha ezinjenga [[FLT: 0]] Cao, umphathi onekhono nobuchule be-robian, [FLT] umqulu ngamunye onamandla. [FLT], unyu], umbusi wezwe .[FLT]

Inziwa ukuba lamakhosi empi abe “alwa ama-pains” ayengewona nje amandla awo ezempi kuphela kodwa izindlela zawo ezihluke kakhulu ekubuseni. UCao Cao, ngokuvamile oboniswe njengombusi onobuqili kodwa ophumelelayo, wasungula izinguquko zezolimo nolawulo olusezingeni eliphezulu. ULiu Bei wazidweba njengomholi onobuhle wamaConfucian ohlose ukubuyisela iHan. Sun Quan, ekuqaleni ebuthakathaka kakhulu, isayensi yezwe nezingxoxo zokuxhumana ukuze bakhe inqaba yaseningizimu. Ukuhlangana kwabo, ukukhaphela, ukukhaphela, nokuhlangana kwesikhashana kwamisa isigaba seze izimpi ezinkulu ezalandela. Ukucaciswa okubanzi kwale nkathi, [[FLT] Brinican's ekungeneni eMbusweni we-BHR [FLT] [FLT] [F1]

Impi YaseGuandu: Ukunqoba Okuwujuqu Ngombono Nokukhohlisa

Ngo-200 AD, ubuso obungaphandle eGuandu phakathi komkhaya ohloniphekile Cao no Yuan Shao baba yimpi eyayinganquma ukuthi ubani olawula inyakatho. Yuan Shao, kusuka emkhayeni ohloniphekile, wayala ibutho elikhulu lamadoda angaphezu kuka-100 000, elingaphezulu kakhulu kwamaCao Cao’s. Ephepheni, Yuan Shao wathola inzuzo yonke: amabutho amaningi, izifunda ezicebile, nesisekelo esinamandla kakhulu. Nokho, lo mkhankaso waba yincwadi yesandla sezibalo eziphakeme ezingasuswa ngokuzimomo ezihlelekile.

Impi Ewusizo Neyokusekela Izindawo Eziningi

Isigaba sokuqala sabona uYuan Shao ezama ukuphoqelela ukubhekana ngokuqondile, ukwakha amakamu aqinisiwe nokudubula i-Cao Cao nge-crosbow. UCao Cao, eqaphela ubuthakathaka bakhe bezibalo, wathatha ukuma kokuvikela, esebenzisa imishini yomhlaba nezinqaba zokuhlakanipha ukuze aqede u-Yuan Shao. Indawo yokushintsha ayitholanga ezihlalweni zempi kodwa emigqeni yokunikeza ukudla. Ibutho lika-Yuan Shao elikhulu lalidinga isitimela esikhulu se-logistical, esasigcinwe edeporalini ebizwa ngokuthi i-Wuchao, siving, sivinjiwe ujenene owe kakhulu uCyu Qunion.

I-Cao Cao Cao ngokwakhe wahola ukuhlasela okunesibindi kwamabutho aphezulu angu-5 000, uXu You, owasuba iyunifomu kaYuan Shao ngemva kwempikiswano yomuntu siqu, wembula indawo kanye nokuchayeka kwamanqolobane kaWouchao. Lokhu kuhlola okumangazayo kwempi ka-Cao Cao Cao ngokwakhe, kanye nempi ephakeme engu 5000, efake iyunifomu kaYuan Shao. Bashesha ezindaweni ezikhuphukayo, bafaka izindunduma, bafaka inqwaba yamaqoqo, futhi babulala imfuculo yezindawo zokuhlala ezimangalisayo. [[FLT: 0] Lokhu kuhlaziywe kwempi kaGuandu [[FLT] [FLD] [1] kuqokomisa imiphumela ebhubhisayo ehlaselayo eyenzekayo embusweni yempi ka-Shao ephakeme kakhulu, kodwa futhi kwavumela i-Hauan egcwele ukuba inqolobane yempi yasenyakatho.

Impi Yama - Cliff Abomvu: Umlilo, Umoya, Nokuzalwa Kwezwe Eliyizinhlangothi Ezibomvu

Ayikho impi ethandwa kakhulu noma ebaluleke kakhulu kuneMpi yeRed Cliffs ebusika buka 208-209 AD. Isanda ehlanganisa inyakatho, iCao Cao Cao yaguqula ibutho lakhe elikhulu kakhulu [1] inyuse isuka emadodeni angu-80 000 kodwa cishe acishe abe ngu-220 000 000, ehlose ukuqeda izinduna zempi zaseningizimu USun Quan [ kaWo ne [[FLT:] u-Liu Bei ka-SU], kodwa ecishe acishe acishe asogobe u-Shudrou. Umkhankaso wabonakala ungenakunyakaziswa. Abaseningizimu, baphoqelelwa ukuba babhekane nokuqothulwa, uma behlulekile.

Isu Lemikhumbi Nesici Esiwumqedazwe

Amabutho kaCao Cao asenyakatho, ayejwayelene nempi yamahhashi nezwe elomile, ayengajwayelene nempi yasolwandle. Ukuze agweme ukugula, wabophela imikhumbi yakhe ndawonye, wakha ipulatifomu eliqinile ukuze aqondise induduzo yamasosha akhe. Lesi sinqumo, nakuba sasizwakala ngekhono lokududuza amasosha akhe, sabangela ukungenwa yingozi enkulu. Abaphathi bempi ababehlangene, ababeholwa uZhou Yuu (uMun’s Coant) noZhuge Liang (u Bei’dvisor), baveza umlilo njengesihluthulelo. Balungiselela imikhumbi “yomlilo" ." [imikhumbi esheshayohlokomayo, igcwele imihlanga, amafutha, namafutha okudubula.)

Lapho ekugcineni kuvela umoya ovunguzayo waseningizimu - mpumalanga, isigebengu esibizwa ngokuthi uHuang Gai saqala imikhumbi yomlilo ngakumabutho empi kaCao Cao Cao eboshwe ngamaketanga. Impi eyaba umphumela yasakazeka ngesivinini esesabekayo, iguqula uMfula iYangtze ukuba ube yivutha. Amabutho ezwe ahlasela ikamu lasenyakatho. Isifo, kakade esase sibangele ukuba amabutho ase-Cao Cao’s ancike inhlekelele. Impi yasuka isuka isuka edwaleni, ilahlekelwa iningi lamasosha ayo ukuba libulale, liminze i-Yan, futhi lithathe izifo emigwaqweqweqweni ewulweni emnyama. [imperthromes .[Fluffs:1] Ayisenasekugcine umbuso u-Greaw'u, u-Grome u-S.

Umbango Eningizimu: Umkhankaso Wokugabavula

Ukufa kukajenene omkhulu uGuan Yu ezandleni zamabutho kaSun Quan ngo-219 AD kwaqeda isivumelwano sikaWu-Su-shu esintekenteke futhi kwamisa iqophelo lokunye ukulwa okukhulu. ULiu Bei, manje ozihlomisa ngokwakhe uMbusi waseShu Han, wabulawa usizi nokufutheka ngenxa yokushonelwa umfowabo oyisifungo. Ngo-221 AD, wasungula uhambo oluwumbukwayaya empumalanga ngokumelene no-Vu, wahola ibutho elikhulu ukuba likhulu ukuba likhulu ukuba likhulule iSifundazwe saseShuhayi Han futhi liphindisele uGuan Yu.

Ugibe Lwemithi Evuthayo

Lomkhankaso waqala ukubona uLiu Bei enqoba kaningana, ephoqelela amabutho kaWu ngaphansi komphathi osemusha uLu Hun ukuba angene ajule ensimini yawo. ULu Xun, naphezu kokugxekwa yizikhulu zakhe uqobo ngenxa yokungahambi kwakhe, waqonda ukuthi imigqa emide kaLiu Bei nokushisa kwasehlobo ekugcineni kwakuzomlimaza kakhulu. Wenqaba ukungenela impi yasesiteji, kunalokho wadonsa ibutho laseShuwa ngomzileni onzima, owenziwe ngamahlathi ka-Yiling (usuku lwanamuhla u-Yakang).

Lapho ibutho likaLiu Bei selinciphile phakathi kwamakhulukhulu emakamu ehlathi ukuze libalekele ukushisa, LuXun washaya. Ukuqala ukuhlasela komlilo okuhlangene, njengalokho kwaseRed Cliffs, wathungela ihlathi. Amakamu aseShu ashiswa ashiswa umlotha, futhi ibutho lashabalala ngokuphamazela. ULiu Bei wabalekela ngokuphandle nokuphila kwakhe, ebalekela eBaidicacheng lapho agulela khona kakhulu. Ukunqotshwa okushayo kwempi kaYaling Shu Han ekhubazekile, ukuchitha amabutho angomadne nemithombo okwakuzozama ukuphinde aqale ukwakhiwa kabusha. Iwe Wau Liang yaqinisekisa ubukhosi bakhe ngaseningizimu futhi yaqeda ithemba lokuhlola ithafa lasenkabeni elisempumalanga. Isinqumo senhlekelele sempi siholele kanjani ekuholweni kwenhlekelele.

Izibuko Ezilitshalwayo Nezinto Ezincane Ezazaziwayo

Ngalé kwezimpi ezintathu ezazidume kakhulu, inkathi yama - Seven Warlody yayigcwele izingxabano ezazilawula ibalazwe.

Isivumelwano Sokulwa NeDong Zhuo Nempi Yepasi LeHulao

Phambi kokuba ingxabano iqiniswe, umbusi ophethe uDong Zhuo wayethole ubukhosi benhloko - dolobha yaseHan, uLuyoyang, esusa umbusi osemusha futhi efaka umlawuli wodoli. Ngonyaka ka-190 AD, ingqungquthela yempi yasempumalanga, kuhlanganise neCao Caon Shao, neSun Thun (uyise ka-Sun), yakhiwa ukuba imxoshe. Impi engokomfanekiso kaHulao Pass yaba iphuzu eliyinhloko, iveza izenzo ezidumile ezidumile ezidume kakhulu phakathi kwempi uLuü nezelamani ezintathu ezifumbelene u-Liu, u-Yuan, no-Fean, njengedrame eyaziwa kakhulu. [uFothromes], u-Proney Empey. U-Mounion uVungle, u-Deaner, u-Estercen, u-Es elungele ukuvuselwa entshona ye-u.

Ukunqotshwa Kwelanga INingizimu

Lapho amakhosi asenyakatho elwa eGuandu, ujenene osemusha ogama lakhe lingu-“FLT:0] USun Ce [umfowabo omdala kaSun Quan] wayeqopha umbuso embonini ecebile uYangtze train. Ngezigaba ezincane ezanikezwa ngu-Yuan Shu, Sun Ce ngokulandelana kwakhe wanqoba abaphathi bempi kanye nabaphathi be-bhandethithithisi abanjengoYan Baihu noLiu Yao. Imikha yakhe yaphawulwa yi-scyric, i-hermasma eyaheha izikhulu ezinekhono, futhi iso elinamandla lokubusa isifundazwe. Ilanga lase-Ce lamisa isisekelo sombuso waseMpumalanga u-Wu. Ukufa kwakhe ekujengalani kwe-Sulf kwasuka eSun kuya eSun kuya eSun, kodwa kwabonisa ukubusa kwebutho lempi yamabutho eCalo eqinile eminyakeni esele. Kamuva.

Ifilosofi Enengqondo Ewumsuka Wezimpi

Ukuhlola lezimpi kwembula izimfundiso ezihlukene zempi ezathonya imiphumela elingana namanani amabutho. Inkathi yempi yabona ukusebenza kwemibono ehleliwe yamaShayina asendulo, ikakhulukazi eye Ubuciko beMpi [, ngezindlela zoketshezi nezindlela ezintsha.

  • I-Interelligence ne-Espionge: Ukunqoba okunjengoGuandu kuxhomeke ekuphambukeni kwebanga eliphezulu (Xu Wena) nokuwohloka kwesitha ngokuncishiswa okuqondiswe ekuhlolweni. U-Cao Cao wayengumphathi wemisebenzi engokwengqondo, ngokuvamile esebenzisa izinhlamvu zenkohliso namahemuhemu ukuze adale ukungezwani phakathi kwabalawuli abaphikisanayo.
  • Ife njenge-For Militer: kusukela ku-Red Cliff kuya ku-Yriling, ukuhlasela komlilo kwakuyizinto ezinkulu ezilinganayo, ezivumela amandla amancane, asheshayo ukuba aqothule amabutho amakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwendawo engokwemvelo (umoya, uhlaza, amanzi) kwaveza ukuqonda okuyinkimbinkimbi kokusebenza.
  • Impi Yombango: Abakhulu basheshe bafunda ukuthi ibutho lempi lihamba ngesisu salo. Ukufakwa kwezindlela zokuthutha, ukushiswa kwenqolobane, nokuphelelwa kwemithombo yesitha kwathandwa ekuchitheni igazi elingaphambili. Icebo likaFabian kaLu Xun eYuling lichaza lendlela engaqondile.
  • Izimpawu ezinamandla: Uketshezi lwesimiso se-wardshosho ukuthi isitha sazolo singaba umphelelisi wanamuhla. Ubudlelwane belanga noLuu eRed Cliffs babuwumshado wokukhululeka ozalwa ngemizwelo engokwemvelo yokusinda. Ukuwohloka kwalandela kwale mithetho kubonisa ukuthi ama-pactal ayentekenkile lapho izifiso ezisemqoka zendawo zingqubuzana.

Lezi zici eziwusizo azizona nje izenzakalo ezingokomlando; ziye zahlolwa ezikoleni zezempi nasezikoleni zebhizinisi ngokufanayo. Ukuhlaziya U.S. Army yemiqondo yasendulo yamabutho aseChina [ kuphawula indlela imikhankaso enjalo eyathonya ngayo ubuciko bokusebenza phakathi neminyaka eminingi.

Izinganekwane Zesiko Nokuhlabeka Kwazo Amahloni

Izimpi zamaZwe Ayisikhombisa zadlula imiphumela yazo engokomlando ukuze zibe inganekwane eyisisekelo yempucuko yamaShayina ne-East Asia iyonke. Incwadi yeshumi nane nenye yekhulu leminyaka yencwadi iRomance yeMibuso Ethathu [ yaguqula lezi zingxabano zaba imidlalo yokuziphatha edumile, ukuveza amaqhawe, amagebe, nezinqumo ezidabukisayo. Izimo ezifana noGuan Yu zaba onkulunkulu bokwethembeka; uZhuge Liang, uphawu lwezekhono. Izindaba zadlulela e-opera, izinkondlo, nanamuhla, umdlalo omkhulu wevideo yezembulunga yonke nezithombe zebhayisikobho. Lokhu kungoko kubizwa ngokuthi “Repliff no-“ udruand” ngezolwazi oluphambili.

Amandla okulandisa atholakala ezinhloboneni zayo ezinkulu: iLiu Bei elungile kodwa eyalahlwayo, iCao Cao Cao ehlakaniphile kodwa engaziqondi kahle, neSun Quan, ephethe imibuso emibili emikhulu. Impi yabo iveza imibuzo engaphelelwa isikhathi mayelana nobu ngokomthetho, ubuholi, nezindleko zokuvelela. Ukuwa kombuso weHan kulezimpi ezinkulu akuwona nje umlando woshintsho lwezombangazwe; iyi-encyclopedia yobuntu ngaphansi kokucindezela okukhulu.

Izifundo Ezihlala Njalo Zezombangazwe Nezempi

Ukuwa kwamaWarlody Ayisikhombisa nokuhlanganiswa kohlanga lwamakhosi angaphansi kweJin ngo - 280 AD kwafika ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka encithakalo, ukuncipha kwenani labantu, nokuhlukana kwezinhlangano. Lenkathi yabonisa ingozi enkulu yokuwohloka kwegunya eliyinhloko (ha isifundo sokuthi ubukhosi obulandelani baseChina bathatha indiva. Ukudlondlobala kweqembu ngalinye lamakhosi aseChina kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kwakuba neziyaluyaluza zokuphakama kwabaholi bezempi ezizindeni eziphansi, kwabekela inselele izikhulu ezindala zezikhulu zesonto, kwazenza zashintsha inqubo yomphakathi eChina.

Ngokwendlela yesimanje, inkathi yezixwayiso ezinamandla ngokuphathelene nokuhlukana kwangaphakathi okungenisa izinxushunxushu zangaphandle (izizwe zama-nonmadic zakhula zaba namandla emingceleni lapho iChina izikhipha yomile) nesidingo sabaqondisi bezikhali eziqinile kanye nokuphathwa kwe-vreant. Ukusinda kukaWu noShu kwamashumi eminyaka kuhambisana nesinye isici esikhulu seWei esikweleta yonke into ehlakaniphile nenzuzo yezwe, okubonisa ukuthi amandla amancane angamelana nesikhathi esithile. Ama-ctans alwa, futhi izulu lawo asalokhu egquma kuwo wonke umlando, kusikhumbuza ukuthi yonke impi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi emfuleni omlilo opheshushulwayo noma emigxumeni yamahlathi, amahlamvu aphawula kakhulu kunemilotha emhlabathini.