Kwingxelo echaza indlela entle yokusebenza ehamba neendibano eziqhelekileyo, eyona nto inzima kumbhali kukuyila abantu, kodwa ukuphefumlela ubomi kwizibalo ezivakala ngathi zikho ngaphambi kwephepha lokuqala kwaye ziza kuqhubeka ixesha elide emva kwelo lokugqibela. UArchetypes — ezo ndlela zinzulu zobuntu zisebenza — zinika ubuchule obunamandla, kodwa zikwabeka nomngcipheko wokuncitshiswa kwemifanekiso ecacileyo. Uhambo olusuka kwi-archetype ukuya kwisixhobo sokuqala, olunenkcaso yesithethe ngexa isenza into ekwimo yomntu omnye. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indlela ecwangcisiweyo, ngokunzulu ukusondela kubantu abadlula kwiplani yabo, kwana kwi-gen exhomekeke kwi-trope.

Indima Yobugcisa

Umbali wohlobo oluqhelekileyo alukho kumntu oziinqobo. Zizibonelelo ezisisiseko zendlela yokuziphatha yomntu kunye nentshukumisa ebonakala kwizithethe neenkulungwane. UCarl Jung wengqondo wase Switzerland uqala ngokuchaphazeleka kwamanani afana ne Hero, isithunzi, kunye neNdoda Elumkileyo njengoko ivela kwiqela elingekho zingqondweni. Kwizibonelelo eziluncedo ababhali, le mizekelo iphendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo: Ngubani oqhuba le ntshukumo? Ngubani okhokelayo? Ngubani ochasa? Ngubani oye uphazamisa ukungqinela ubulumko; uMentor uveza ubulumko; isithunzi siyasongela; uTrickster uyayivuma le misebenzi. Ukuphawula le misebenzi kunceda umbhali afumane ubali lwengxelo, kodwa uthembele kubo abangakhangeli-aminegidioti.

Into eyenza udidi lweardetype lukhuphe isandi asikokuqhelana kodwa bubhetyebhetye. Udidi olungundoqo lomthandi, umzekelo, lungabonakala njengomzali ozinikeleyo, ukuzinikela, okanye umlo weenguqu wenjongo elungileyo. Imizekelo ikho ukuze yongezelelwe. Ababhali abaphumelelayo bayaqonda ukuba iindidi ezingundoqo azizisiphelo; baqala iingongoma.

Xa Iintlobo Zobugcisa Zisiba Zizinto Ezingaqhelekanga

Icala lesithunzi lohlobo lwearchey lingu cliché. Icliché yindlela esetyenziswayo ngaphambili ekhutshwa ngokuphinda-phinda. Okhethiweyo ofumana amandla afihlakeleyo kwiphepha leshumi, umcuphi ogqunywe ngelishwa onengxaki ebuhlungu, inzala yothando ekhoyo ukuze ihlangulwe kuphela — ezi asizohlobo oludala kodwa yimingxube yazo efihlakeleyo. Umgca phakathi kohlobo lwe-arche nocliché uchazwa yinkcazelo ekhethekileyo. UMentor eshwankani unika icebiso elifihlakeleyo kwaye emva koko ufe phakathi koMthetho wesibini uwumsebenzi wocelo. UMento ofundisa iprotackistring kwi-skiption yakhe ngenxa yokuba ulahlekelwe yinkumbulo.

I-tropes zomsebi zingumgaqo-ntetho. Ukusuka kwimografi, umbhali kufuneka ajonge zonke iimpawu ezizuzww ’ ilifa njengombuzo kunokuba aphendule: Kuthekani ukuba iTrickster ibingunolwazi lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha? Kuthekani ukuba ubumnyama besithunzi bubangelwa luthando olungalunganga? Ukubuza imibuzo ephikisanayo yinjini yokuguqula.

Ukwayalela IHero: Isiseko Sobukho Bentlandlolo

IHero ardetype yeyona ithembekileyo kunazo zonke. UJoseph Campbell umba wemaphu, njengoko echaza kwimisebenzi yakhe iHero enobuso obuyinkulungwane , itshati yohambo lokuhamba, ulwamkelo, kwaye ibuya. Kodwa i-monobyth yimaphu, hayi ikheji. Ukuguqula iHero ibe ngumntu okhethekileyo, iqala ngokususa iqonga ngalinye. Endaweni yokubiza into engxamele idinga, khawuleze umnxeba ovakala ngathi uphazamisa intsiba — i-email ekhupha imfihlelo enzulu yomhlobo, inyanzela umntu ohlala ebhabhaliswe kwilizwe le-scrion. Ukungamzela kokuzimela okufutshane, kodwa oko kusoloko kuyinto elula, ukuba bakhatywayo ngenxa yento epheleleyo?

Usukelo lwangaphandle lweHero (lumise umenzi wobubi, luphumelele ugqatso) lufanele lube luphawu lwento engekho ngqiqweni ngaphakathi. Iqhawe elilwa urhulumente onobuqhetseba kodwa nalo likhotyokiswe kukulawula intsapho yalo libangela uxinezeleko olugqithisileyo. Ukuba ncam ngalo lonke ixesha — ukutya elikufunayo, indlela eligquma ngayo iphepha xa lixhalabile, ukuxoka kwalo intsasa nganye — lizityhafaza kwibala elibukhali kwaye lityhila umntu ongaphantsi.

Itshintsha ii Akhile ibe Iimpawu ezizodwa

Inguquko iqala ngokwazi ukuba umntu akaloluhlu lweempawu kodwa yinto edityanisiweyo yengqondo ebunjwe yimbali, inzululwazi-jiyojini, kunye nomongo wentlalo. Sebenzisa le miqulu ilandelayo ukwakha naluphi na uhlobo lwe-arder.

Isiseko, Akuyondlela

Iflash etyebileyo ayithethi ukubuya umva kwenqanawa ekwinani elipheleleyo. Kuthetha ukuba imbali yophawu yicebo lokucoca elisetyenziswayo lonke ixesha elikhoyo. UMentor owayelijoni elihonjisiweyo wayenorhikinch ngesandi senqwelo esemva kwenqanawa — iinkcukacha ezivelayo kwimboniso, azizange zichaze. Abaphulaphuli banika isizathu sokuba kutheni emva kokhetho: umTrickster ogcina ukutya ngenxa yendlala yobuntwana, uHero owakha wabala imali yakhe ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yinto yonke into. Iindlela ezisebenzayo zomphambili zicebisa ukuba umzi wolwandle wonke ngoxa uveza incam kuphela. Abaphulayo banikela incam. Ukuhlola okunzulu kobunjani obungasemva, njengoovimba bezinto zobuntwana [FLD [F] [0] [FLG]

Iziphazamiso, Amandla Nesiphazamiso Sokukwazi Ukuhlala Unjalo

Umntu onamandla ukruqula; umntu obuthathaka kuphela ungowokubulala. Ukuzilolonga zombini kubangelwa bubuxoki. Amandla abalaseleyo kaHero — ukunyaniseka okungagungqiyo — anokuba luphawu olubangela ukuba abo basebenzisanayo bahlukane. Ubuchule beShadow bokwenza amaqhinga angenalusini busenokuba yenye into esindisa abantu abafuna ukubatshabalalisa. Uqeqesho olubalulekileyo kukubhala uluhlu lwamandla amahlanu aze ke ke ke ngamnye, ufumene impazamo ebangelwa yilo sithunzi esiphoswa ligunya phantsi koxinezeleko. Inkalipho iba kukungalawuleki; imfesane iba lugxube; ukufun ’ uvalo kusenokuba yenye into ebangela ukuba abantu bangazinziyo kodwa ubuntu obuntsonkothile obungafuni ukuhlala kakuhle.

Ubuchule Belizwi Nobuchule

Ilizwi lingumgca womnwe wophawu. Iquka isigama, isingqi, ukhetho lwesigezo, kunye noko kushiywe kungasetyenziswanga. Umenzi wenqanawa okhuliswe kwidolophana yokuloba elunxwemeni uzakusebenzisa imozulu kunye nezigengxezo zolwandle xa kuxoxwa ngemali. I-Trickster ingathetha ngemigca edibeneyo ecacileyo. Incoko yababini ayimele nje ivelise isiyilo sangaphambili, kufuneka ityhile ingqondo eyahlukileyo. I-Mannerisms iyakukwandiswa oku: iHero esoloko echukumisa isicango socango phambi kokungena, isithunzi esibonisa isandi xa uva. Iinkcukacha ezinjalo njengee-ankile ezikhumbuza abaphula abaphula i-sangqa, hayi uhlobo lwe-archy eshuka.

Ulwalamano Olunamandla Olutyhila Ubuso Obufihlakeleyo

Akukho mpawu ikhoyo kulwahlulo. Ulwalamano lwezipili. IHero ingaba ngqongqo kunye nabangaphantsi, ithobele umzali, kwaye ithantamisa ngokungalindelekileyo nesilwane esilahlekileyo. Ludibanisa uhlobo ngalunye lobuntu obahlukileyo. Lubonisa uphawu oluthi ubukho bemente buzive buyidenge, kwaye ngequbuliso isikhokelo sobulumko sityhila ukunganqabiseki okunzulu. Ukudibanisa iTrickster nomntu othe wadideleka ngakumbi, kwaye iTrickster iba lilizwi lengqiqo. Oku kudityaniswa kwe-acedio edifie type kwaye kubhethe impikiswano eyenza abasebenzi bavakalise ubunyani.

Imizekelo yokuyila

Uhlalutyo lwemisebenzi ephumelelayo lubonisa indlela amanani ahlala ehleli ngayo. Qwalasela olu hlolisiso:

  • IHero: Katnis Everdeen Imidlalo yeNdlala iqala njengokhuselo olubonakeleyo olusindayo, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe ichaza ukuba liqosha elisetyenziswayo kwimidlalo yemiboniso yezopolitiko engafuniyo ukuba ngumqondiso. U-EXINT nokungathembeki kugcina i-arch type ikdrip.
  • IMENTO: Kwi Iimfazwe zeStar, uYoda ekuqaleni uchaza njengelumko eliqhelekileyo, kodwa uburharha bakhe obubukhali, intetho egqwethekileyo, kunye nomzuzu wokudinwa okudinweyo kwimo yakhe yokugqibela. Akangobulumko nje kuphela; ungomntu oye wathwala ubunzima bobo bulumko kangangeenkulungwane.
  • Isithunzi:[[FLT Vader] i-Darth Vader kumntwana okhotyokiswayo ukuya ku-Jedi ophukileyo ifaka udidi lobugqwirha ngentlekele. Isuti yakhe ayiyoyoyoyikisa nje umatshini wokoyikisa; yintolongo egcina ubomi. Uloyiko olubangelayo lubangelwa kukulahlekelwa okukhulu.
  • [[FLT: 0] ITrickster: Loki ukusuka kwiSijikelezi- langa Esimangalisayo sisebenza kuba isiphithiphithi sakhe asingomntu ozenzekelayo. Sivela kwimfuno enzulu, enganelanga yokubakho nokubala. Ukujika-jika kwakhe kungokoqobo nangokwengqondo, indoda engaziyo ukuba luluphi uhlobo lokwenyani.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-Guardian: iHagrid inguMbumbi weHarry [[[FLT: 3] ngumgcini-mnyango ongaze alilinde isango; uyijula. Umlinganiselo wakhe omkhulu womzimba uyahluka kubume obuthambileyo, obubonisa ngaphaya kwemvakalelo, ukonakalisa ukulindela komgcini wesango owoyikekayo.

Le mizekelo ibonisa ukuba isuka kuxinzeleleko phakathi komsebenzi olindelekileyo wodidi lwe-archimetype kunye nobuntu bomntu obungenakuxelwa. Ukusetyenziswa kohlobo olubalaseleyo kwibali langoku, imbekiselo enkulu yeTV TYP[[FLT: 1] idwelisa iipakethi kunye nokuguquleka kwazo.

Amandla Engxabano Yangaphakathi Nawangaphandle

Ungquzulwano luyintambo apho uhlobo lwearchetype lunyibilika luze luphinde luguqulwe. Umbhali kufuneka ayile iingcinezelo ezizimeko kunye nengqondo.

Ingxabano Yangaphakathi: Imfazwe Engaphakathi

Ingxabano yangaphakathi ayithandabuzeki nje; iyaphikisana ukuba uphawu alunakusombulula ngaphandle kokuncama into ethile ebalulekileyo. Umlobi okholelwa ngokunzulu kokusesikweni kodwa uthanda umntu onetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho oludlulileyo uphila ngokuzimela ngokuzithemba. OnguMethor ophelelwe lukholo kwisizathu kodwa uyaqhubeka ekhokela ngaphandle kwembopheleleko evelisa ubulumko obungekho ngqiqweni ngaphakathi. Ezi mfazwe zangaphakathi zivelisa izigqibo ezingenakuxelwa kwangaphambili. Umzekelo ukhula ngenxa yokudibana nokuphikisa.

Imfazwe Yangaphandle NjengeSityhilelo, Asiyonto Inzima

Kufuneka kukhethwe iingxaki ezingaphandle kuba zityhalela iqosha elithile, elizizo. Intlekele yendalo ityhila uloyiko olungaqhelekanga lokulawula. Ityala likhupha ubungqina obunyanisekileyo bobugocigoci kwaye linyanzelisa. Iingxabano ezingcono zangaphandle zibububuliso obububude: igumbi elitshixiweyo kukungabina mntu; ibhulorho ewohlokayo ngumtshato womntu. Xa iziganeko zembumba zizizipili ezifuziselayo, iimpendulo zomntu zingaphaya kwethemba lakhe.

Ukungqubana Kolwalamano: Isipili Nesicaka

Ukungqubana phakathi kwabasebenzi abafunana kodwa abangenakumelana kusisityebi. Beka iHero ecaleni koMmeli ongazithandiyo iindlela zakhe, okanye isithunzi esinosukelo nomntu othanda ukulwa kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezimaxongo. Ezi zivumelwano zinyanzelekileyo zivelisa incoko ebangela iimfihlelo kwaye zityhile iingcambu. Ukuxambulisana kulwalamano akuthethi nje ukuxambulisana; yimfazwe ethe cwaka yokungavunyelwa, ukungqubana kwentlekisa okuthintithayo okuthiwe kufuphi kakhulu nenyaniso, umanyano oluthi jika-tshintshayo.

Ukutyhalela Phantsi Iintambo Ngaphandle Kwentsingiselo Ephulukana Nayo

Uxinaniso asiloxesha lokuguqula ulindele ukuba izinto ziphinde zihambe; luhambisa inyaniso enzulu ngokufaka umlinganiselo. I-trope ephenduliweyo yexabiso lothuso yodwa ijinga igwegwe. Ukuguqulelwa kufuneka kutyhile okuthile ngomsebenzi okanye ihlabathi ekungamele kusetyenziswe kakuhle.

Ukubhukuqa ngokunempumelelo, okokuqala kuqonda oko i-trope izakufezwa. I- “Damsel ekubandezelweni” isoloko iyintsebenziswano yeHero. Yiguquleni kungekuphela nje ngokwenza ibanjwa libe yingcaphephe yemfazwe, kodwa ngokuba lihlangulwe lixesha lokuba“ibhombu” iqonde ukuba alibanjwanga ngumkhohlisi kodwa yingxelo kaHero njengengenaluncedo. I-trope iba yingcebiso kwizixhobo nakwingqiqo.

Uxuba ii-archetypes yenye indlela enamandla yokujikajika. Ugqirha ofana no Dokotela ku OnguMphathi Othi, ukhokelo ngexa engumthombo wesiphithiphithi. U-Hero-Shadow, njengo Joe Goldberg [[FLT]] Ubhala [FLT], ulandela i-rom- progagon arctist arcs ukusuka ngaphakathi kwingqondo ye-homicidal. Ukwazisa kwabaphulaphuli i-trope kusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokulwa nabo. Ukhokelo olusebenzayo kwimijikelezo eziqhelekileyo, [[FLTLD:] Umthetho wokwenza [FFFF:]

Izizathu eziphambili zingundoqo zokugqwetha okunentsingiselo. Ukuba izenzo zomntu zibangelwa sisizathu sobuqu, esisekelwe ngokunzulu, kwanesibham esiqhelekileyo sivakala siyinto entsha. Impindezelo efunyenweyo ixolelwano ayinto ingaqhelekanga — ngaphandle kokuba ukuxolelwa kutshabalalisa ubomi bakhe kuba kuphelisa kuphela uluntu olwamkela umsindo wakhe. Isenzo singabonakala; isiphumo esingokweemvakalelo kufuneka simangalise.

Ukwenziwa Kweempawu Ezingenakulibaleka

Uphawu lwesazinge yindlela yotshintsho lwangaphakathi oluhambisana nesicwangciso sangaphandle. Uphawu lokuqala lufuna isiqingatha sesazinge esingekho sicwangciso okanye esingekho ngqiqweni.

Utshintsho Ngexabiso Lexabiso

Kufuneka utshintsho lubiza kakhulu. Utshintsho olulungileyo apho uphawu lufunda ukuthemba kwakhona kufuneka lubanike imali eninzi — mhlawumbi ukulahleka kweqokobhe elikhuselayo elibashiye besengozini yokuzikhusela abangazange balibone inxeba. Isazinge esingalunganga apho isithunzi siwela ebumnyameni asiyondawo ephantsi kwimigrogrisi kodwa ithoba elithe thaa, uthothotho lwengcebiso oluthe thaa abaphulaphuli baluqonda ncam; utshintsho lufuna into eyahlukileyo ekugqibeleni kuba ibali libonise ukuba abafuni kwanele.

Ukwazi Usukelo Oluya Kuncipha

Usukelo lophawu lwangaphandle (luvulwe kwakhona, luphumelele unyulo) yi-injini ye-enjini ye-location. Usukelo lwangaphakathi (uluvo, ukufumana ukuba yeyomntu) yinjini yophawu. Njengoko le ngxelo iqhubekeka, usukelo lwangaphandle lungahlala kodwa iintsingiselo zayo zitshintsha. I-protoplain iya kufumana intwana kwaye ingakumbi iqabane elizama ukungalahlekelwa. Indaleko yenjongo ibonisa indaleko yobuqu. Ichaphaza olu tshintsho kwigrafu elula — X-axis: iziganeko zogwebo, Y-aski: indawo yokuqala yangaphakathi — iqinisekisa i-arcle iyabonakala kwaye iyaguquguquka.

Isigqibo Sokufumana Iingenelo Ezingokweemvakalelo

Isiphelo sifumana ubunzima xa imeko yokugqibela yomsebenzi iphendula ngqo umbuzo ophakanyiswa ekuqaleni. Ukuba le ngxelo iqala ngoHero okholelwa ukuba ungothandwa kuphela ukuba unamandla, isigqibo kufuneka sibonise oko kwenzekayo xa enikezela ngenkolelo okanye eyenza iqine kakhulu. Izigqibo eziqinileyo zingaba luncedo, kodwa basenokugqiba isangqa semvakalelo. Abaphulaphuli kufuneka bavakalelwe ukuba lo mzekelo uguquke ngokungenasizathu luhambo, kwanokuba babuyela kwindawo enye.

Ukwakha Ubuntu Obuthile Enzulwini Yomhlaba: Umthambo Oluncedo

Ukuze ufunde le migaqo, zama ukwenza imithambo ecwangcisiweyo. Khetha uhlobo olungundoqo — mhlawumbi olunguMentor. Emva koko, kwijenali, phendula oku kulandelayo ngaphandle kokuhlolisisa ingqiqo:

  • Yintoni eyona mfihlelo ihlazisayo yeMentor? (Ayinto abayenzayo, kodwa into abayiyo [[[QUL: 0]] yi — umgangatho abawufihlayo.)
  • Xa ekuphela, yintoni ayenzayo lo mntu angaziyo? ( Uyakwazi ukufota iiwotshi eziphukileyo, ukuthetha kwifoto, ukungqungqa kwasebutsheni babo.)
  • Bubuphi ubuxoki obuzixelela ukuba bangene emini? (“Ndikhetha obu bulolo.”
  • Ngubani umntu omnye lo Mentor angenakuma, yaye kutheni (kube yinto encinane nenzulu ngexesha elinye?)
  • Bubuphi ubuchule obungahambelaniyo ngokupheleleyo nendima yabo? (Iipakethe ezintsonkothileyo, iteksi yokhuphiswano.)
  • Yintoni enokumphazamisa umntu odlala naye xa ekwindawo nje engekho mthethweni, njengevenkile yokutya?

Ngoku, bhala ibala lama-500 apho le Mentor kufuneka ifundise isifundo esibalulekileyo, kodwa umfundi ubangela ihlazo lemfihlelo yeMentor ngendlela engalindelekanga. Isiphumo semeko sizakuba sidlule kakhulu kuhlobo lwamaqonga. Lo msebenzi ungqina ukuba imvelaphi ithetha ingeyoyamntu, hayi injengele.

Indima Yokumisela Nezithethe Ngokwahluka Kobuntu

Iimpawu azidadali kwikhamandela. Ukucwangcisa indlela yokuziphatha, imilinganiselo, kunye nobumfiliba. Umxhasi osuka kwingingqi yentlango ekwintlango yenkcubeko uzakukhupha icebiso ngemizekeliso eyahlukene ngokupheleleyo kuneyodwa kwinqanawa ebanzi ekwindawo ephezulu yolawulo. Ukuba umbhali uqala ngephupha elimfiliba, uphawu sele lungasathandwa. Kunoko, chaza uluntu oluthile nemithetho yalo engabhalwanga. Umgangatho ohamba udidi lwentlalo, iinjongo zentsapho, okanye imfundiso yonqulo? U Hero owaphula imithetho kwibutho elinomknamknogcisa womntu omnye kwihlabathi apho ugqalwano oluthandwayo. — kwaye iindleko zayo ezingaphakathi ziza kwahluka njani?

Ulwimi, nalo, lungokwesithethe. Idioms, ulwakhiwo lwengingqi, kwanesingqi sokuthula ziimpawu zesithethe esiphilileyo. Ukuboleka iipateni zolwimi ukusuka kwizithethe zehlabathi lokwenene ngaphandle kocawa kufuna uphando nolwazelelelo. Ukungabikho kolwazi lweNyakatho yokubhala kugxininisa ukuphuhliswa kophawu lophando lokwenza imeko-bume eynyanileyo. Umiselo alukho olunye uphawu, kwaye ulwalamano lwe-protagonist luchaza ubukhulu begama labo.

Isiphelo

Umgama phakathi kohlobo lwearde type nolokuqala ugcwaliswe ngengqwalasela. Udidi lwezichazi lunika ababhali ulwimi olwahlulweyo; imfuno ephuma kubo ukuba sithethe olo lwimi ngelizwi ekungekho mntu uluvayo ngaphambili. Ngokumba kwisiqalo esikhethekileyo, ukulwa, ukungqubana, ukulwa, ukugqwetha ngenjongo, nokuyila iiArhente ezisekelwe kwinyaniso yengqondo, umbhali angaguqula yonke into esuka kwiphepha ukusuka kwi- bhabhabhaza-bhaza elikhoyo. Kwi-trope-strea ayisel, injongo ayikokuyikuphepha imilinganiselo kodwa ukwenza umntu angabi nakuchaphazeleka. Xa iHero ihamba phambili kwaye abaphulangaqondi ukuba ingumsebenzi nje kodwa umntu abamaziyo, aboyika, okanye, intebe yeyo ehlala iyinto engapheli.