Imifuziselo lulwimi olufihlakeleyo lokubalisela, kwaye akukho mxholo uxhomekeke kuyo ngaphezu kohambo lwayo. Xa uphawu lumi kwisibuko, lunxibe isigqubuthelo, okanye luhamba kwisichotho, into okanye isiganeko kunqabile ukuba sibekho njengaso ngokwaso, inqanawe yokuzichaza, ukulangazelela, nokuguqula. Umfuziselo womntu utshintsha umenzi ongabonakaliyo ube ngamava abonakalayo, avumela abafundi ukuba babone umntu abanguye ngokwenene. Ngaphandle kwemidweli, iifilimu, kunye neentsomi, ezi zikhethwe ngenyameko zimephu yemibambo ukusuka kwimigca esusela kuyo yonke into, ukusuka ekungabini nabucala ukuya kubulumko, kwaye ungabi nabunyani.

Indima Ephambili Yokuzichaza KubuNtsomi Obungaqondakaliyo

Isiseko salo, ibali ngalinye elichukumisayo liyibali elithetha ngokubaluleka. Umcuphi angafuna ubutyebi, afune umthandi, okanye alwe nozwilakhe, kodwa oko akusukelayo ngokwenene luguqulelo lwazo ngokwazo oluziva luphelele. Izibalo ziba nentsingiselo ecacileyo ngenxa yokuba imvakalelo ye-protagononist isengozini. Umgxeki nomntu osisithandi sobulumko uCharles Taylor uchaza ukuma kokuziphatha (indlela yemilinganiselo umntu achaza ngayo ukhetho lwazo. Ngokushwaka, le ngcamango ivavanywa yingcinezelo, ivavanywa yimiqobo yangaphandle kwaye impikiswano yangaphakathi de iguquke ibe yinto etshintshayo.

Ukuqonda uphawu lomntu olukwincwadi kufuna uqaphele imilinganiso emithathu edityanisiweyo. Eyokuqala luphawu olukhoyo , ingqokelela yeenkolelo, iinkumbulo, kunye neminqweno eyenza uphawu lube lunye. Eyesibini luphawu lwentlalo. [[FLT:], iindima ezibekwe okanye ezithathiweyo/intombi, igosa, isalatha-mkhosi, i-asethi-andlelo, indlela eme ngayo uphawu oluqondwayo nendlela oluziqonda ngayo. Eyesithathu luphawu lwe-'[[FLT:] olunochazo lwentlalo-ntlalo-bume [[[[FLTLT:]], uphawu oluthetha ukuba zingoobani, olunokuthi okanye lungadityaniswangavisisani nento yokwenene. Ezi mpawu zizenza zihambele ngokwezigqibo zeziganeko. Xa umbhali weenfifishstyyso processsssssss joith provertiesmess.

Iqondo lengcali yengqondo uErik Erikson lokuphuhliswa kwengqondo linika uthelekiso oluluncedo. Ingcamango yakhe yengxaki engokobuqu, exhaphakileyo phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-1820, ichaza ixesha apho abantu kufuneka baxolelanise amava abo angaphambili nobuqu babo bexesha elizayo. Kwimodeli ka-Erikson, tyelela ityala i-Sipower Psychology yesigaba sika-Erikson [. Uxinzelelo olufanayo luza kuboniswa ngamagama angenawo amabali: uElizabeth Bennet recalbibs kunye nekhethe lakhe, uHarry Burrybung uxuba ityala lakhe elinothwele ngendima yakhe ekhethiweyo njengomkhuseli, okanye uPaulie . Kwimeko yonke ehambayo, umqondiso ofana nolwimi oluqhelekileyo lungaziva lungenayo.

Igrama Yophawu Kwimikrozo Yophawu

Imiqondiso isebenza njengesixhobo esifutshane seemeko zengqondo. Ngenxa yokuba ijikelele iimvakalelo ezintsonkothileyo zibe ngumfanekiso omnye, ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngaphantsi komyinge wokuqiqa, ukubetha umfundi ngamandla. Xa ifakwe kwisazinge sophawu lonke, iimpawu zidala ingqiqo engokweemvakalelo edla ngokunwenwa ngaphezu kweengcinga zomntu.

Ababhali bafumana kwiqula elinzulu lezithethe zomfuziselo. Eminye imifuziselo iphantse iqheleke jikelele: ukukhanya nobumnyama, amanzi kunye nentlango, ukuphakama nokwehla. Abanye bangqalile, njengomtya obomvu welishwa okanye isilwanyana esingumgubo. Kodwa ezandleni zombhali onobuchule, kwanento eqhelekileyo `iwotshi yewotshi, iglasi yeglasi, ucango olutshixiweyo , ucango olutshixiweyo olunempembelelo ukuba luvela ngexesha elinzima lenguquko. Okona akuyonto kodwa kulwalamano lwayo nophuhliso lomntu. Ulwalamano olo lwakhelwayo lunokwenziwa ngokuphinda-phinda-phinda, ukutshintsha, nokuguqula.

Obona didi bomfuziselo baqhelekileyo kwingxelo zeempawu-zodidi luquka:

  • Imiphandle ecacileyo (iinqanawa, amanzi, isinyithi esipholisiweyo): Ezi zinto zenza ukuba zikwazi ukuzihlola ngokoqobo. Uphawu olungafuniyo ukumelana nemiqondiso yokubonakalisa; umntu ojonge iziphumo ezide kakhulu zobungozi okanye uqhezu.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imask kunye nokufihla imbonakalo: Ukusuka kwimaski yokoqobo ukuya kumntu owamkelekileyo, le mifuziselo imela uxinezeleko phakathi kokwenza ngokwakhe nenyaniso efihliweyo. Ukungatyhili kusoloko kungqamana nexesha lobungozi okanye ukukhululeka.
  • Imiqondiso ye Journey [[FLT: 1] (iindlela, imilambo, imifula, ukunqumla): Ukushukuma komzimba ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye kubonakalisa indlela yengqondo ukusuka kwenye i-obrorho, okanye intlango iba ngumqobo apho umntu omdala afayo khona kwaye kuzalwa entsha.
  • Imijikelo yenkcazo (ixesha, imozulu, ukukhula nokubola): Isiphango sasehlotyeni singenza isiphithiphithi esingaphandle, ikhephu lokuqala lirhoxa ekucingeni, kwaye umyezo oqhamisayo uvuthuzelo lomntu omtsha.
  • Izinto zelifa (ii-heam, oonobumba, amaqhosha): Ezi zibophelela ubunikazi bomxhasi kwentsapho, kwimbali, okanye kwilifa. Ukulahleka okanye ukuchacha kwazo zisoloko zibonakalisa ukwaphuka okanye ukwamka kwexesha elidlulileyo.

Kwingxubusho ebanzi yendlela imiqondiso esebenza ngayo kwintsomi, isikhokelo se-MasterClas kwi-dizes inika iinkcazelo ezicacileyo kunye neendlela ezisebenzayo ezihambelana nezi ngqwalasela.

Enye yezona mpawu zintle zokubalisela amabali okomfuziselo kukuba uphawu olunye lungabamba iintsingiselo eziphikisanayo kwiincam ezahlukeneyo kwisazinge. Ucango olutshixiweyo ekuqaleni kwingxelo lungamela ucinezelo; ekugqibeleni, isenzo sokuyivula siba yinkululeko. Olu phawu lwechamelleon luvumela ababhali ukuba badwelise utshintsho olufihlakeleyo kulwazi ngaphandle kokubhenela kumboniso-mnose.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Ukwaziwa Ngokwenziwa Kwamaxwebhu Omfuziselo

IHero’s Journey neStatus of Individual

Zimbalwa izakhiwo ezibalisayo ezizotyiweyo ngokungqongqo njengophawu lwe-monomyth, oluxhaswe nguJoseph Campbell kwi iHero eneembonakalo eziyi1000. Ukujonga nzulu kumaqondo, bona ungeniso lwegorha [[FLT:] [[FLT: 3]. Kule sikhokelo, iprotagonis ishiya uthotho lwezilingo, inyamezela uthotho lwezilingo, ibuye itshintsheke ngokungundoqo. Inyathelo ngalinye linemikrozo: ikhubalo, isipho somcelo, isisulo se- whavi, i-apple. Kodwa isinyithi somfuziselo siyindlela edityaniweyo.

Cinga ngeExcalibur kaKumkani uArthur, hayi njengesixhobo kodwa njengobungqina obuphathekayo belungelo lakhe lokulawula . "umqondiso wakhe" umlawuli. Ikrele lingatsalwa kuphela ngukumkani wokwenyaniso; ukufunyaniswe kwalo lize libuye liphelele iArtrth isangqa ukusuka kwinkwenkwe efihlakeleyo ukuya kwinkokeli yentsomi kwaye ekugqibeleni kwintsomi elindele ukubuya. Ngokufanayo, kwi [[FLT:] imfazwe [[FLT: 1]] iSaga, ikharabha ayiso nje isixhobo kodwa uphawu lwe Jedi, ilifa, kunye nokuma kokuziphatha. Xa uLuka Skylaker ekhanyisa izibane zakhe eziluhlaza eziluhlaza kwi [FLD] [FF:], imiqondiso yakhe yokuzalwa, kunye nokuzalwa kwakhe, kwaye ekwamkele ukuzalwa kwakhe, ukulingana nokwento epheleleyo, ekwamkele, esukzi.

Uhambo lweqhawe lubonisa ukuba ulwazi alufumaneki ngokuxilonga kuphela; luyenziwa ngesenzo, kwaye iimpawu ezihambisana naloo ntshukumo ziba ziziphawuli ezicacileyo zomntu omtsha. Ukubuya ngemichiza (into yokoqobo okanye intwana yobulumko) ingqina ukuba utshintsho lolwokwenene kwaye ngoku lungadityaniswa kwingingqi.

2. Ukufika kwe-Aristive: Imida kunye nokulahleka kweNqanawa

Ivela kumabali embali, okanye iZilidungsroman, icacile malunga nokwenziwa kwentelekelelo. Ukuqwalaselwa kwembali nendibano, inqaku le-Wikipedia elithetha ngokuza kwe-asease-asea linikezela umongo. Apha, uphawu lwesazinge luchazwa ngokuphuma kwenkohliso yobuntwana kunye nokufumana iziphumo ezibuhlungu zomntu omdala. Imiqondiso kulo mjikelo isoloko iphawulwa ngemiqobo kunye nokulahleka kwemida ekhuselayo.

EHarper Lee's Ukubulala i-Mockingbird , indlu yemithi, iziphiwo zeqhina lomngxuma, kunye nenja enesihawu esebenza njengeziganeko ezibonisa isiqalo sobuntwana beScout. Indlu yemithi imela indawo ye-lebhu, ikhupho lobuntwana, ishenxiswa kwingxabano yabantu abadala. Izipho eziyimfihlelo uBoois Radley zishiya emthini okhutshwe", ipeni, ipenie, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, imiqondiso yokuqalisa kocawa, ingqinela into yokuba “enye ingumntu onesithandwayo kunye nomoya wobugcisa. Inja enomsindo, edubulayo, edubula ngu-Attictic, iqhushutha ukuba ihlabathi likhuselekile kwaye uyise uyilungu legqwethawe; i-gnothringsss, i-gnown i-gnown i-gnown i-at.

J.D.Salinger’s short’s. ICatcher kwi Ryule isebenzisa amagama awahlukileyo okomfuziselo. Iheth-ebomvu yokuzingela, amadada eCentral Park, kunye ne carousiele zizixhobo zokuchaza ukungasebenzi kakuhle kobungcakamfula. Ihempe, enxwe ngasemva, ibonakalisa umnqweno wakhe wokuzimela kwaye irhoxa kwi-pishony, ukanti uyifihla ekuhleni, engakwazi ngokupheleleyo ukuchaza oko kuphawu. Umbuzo ongapheliyo ngendawo apho amadada ahamba khona ebusika ehamba khona enyakeni utshintsha uloyiko lwakhe ngaphandle kwentsingiselo. Ekuvuthweni, ukubukela udade wakhe e-Febeyleacl-ah) ekhulini lomntwana, ukungafuni ukukhula, ukuva i-golide, ukungazifaki kwingozi ebandakanya nokungangeni. Le miqondiso ayithethisingeyo.

IDoppelgänger kunye neZithunzi

IsiGothic esingaphezulu kodwa esinamandla ngokulinganayo silandelela ungquzulwano ngobuqu obuphindiweyo okanye isithunzi, apho umxhasi kufuneka adibanise inkalo ecinezelweyo yophawu lwabo. Imifuziselo efana nemifanekiso, amawele, kunye nophawu olubonisayo iba sembindini kulo mlinganiselo.

U-Oscar Wille's [[FLT: 0] Umfanekiso kaDorian Gray ngumzekelo osezantsi. Umfanekiso ngokwawo ungowona mgxuma womfuziselo opheleleyo ozichazayo; isigqubuthelo sobuhle obungatshintshiyo sika-Dorian sifihla ukubola okungaqhelekanga emva kwelaphu leseyile. Nakuphi na ukunxaxha kuyazifihla ependani, ukwenza umfanekiso ube sipili somntu onyani ongafuniyo ukuvuma. Ekugqibeleni uzama ukutshabalalisa lo mfanekiso kukuzibulala, akanakuphepha uphawu lokonakala kwakhe ngenxa yokuba, enene, nguye.

Kwizinto ezifihlwayo zanamhlanje, iChuck Palahniuk's Fight Club inika ujikelezo lwangoku. Imisebenzi yeTyler Durden njengendawo yokubonisa iminqweno yenarrator engachazwanga ngegama ecinezelweyo `a Mophicific, isithunzi somntu onegunya. Umlo olwayo uzenza imiqondiso ye-krwada, engaphambili yentlalo, ngexesha utshabalalise izakhiwo zetyala, ngokubhekiselele ekutshabalaleni komthengi owakhiweyo. Isazi sesaziso sifikelela ekuqondeni ukuba iTyler singeso ngaphandle; isibhambhu esiphuma esidleleni sotshaba kwaye sitshabalalise isithunzi, ngokokuba buhlungu.

Ezi ngxelo zityhila inyaniso yengqondo: uchazo asingomfanekiso oqingqiweyo owenziwe ngomnye kodwa yipalamente yezodwa. Imiqondiso yokuba idibanisa isithunzi ``ifoto''', iwele, imodusi-iphotogn' inkxwaye--iphonono ebangela ungquzulwano oloyikekayo nolukhululayo. Xa idityanisiwe, uphawu alusahluki kodwa luphelele.

Uhlolisiso Olunemifuziselo: Isakhiwo Sabafundi Nababhali

Ukuyiqonda ngokupheleleyo indlela umfuziselo oguqula ngayo iimpawu, kunceda ukuba ube nelens ye-alytical. Esi sakhiwo silandelayo, esithathwe kwinkcazelo yentelekelelo kunye nokuhlalutywa kobugcisa, singasetyenziswa nakweliphi na ibali.

Inyathelo lokuqala i-FLT:0. I-Step 1: Yahlula uThintso kunye novukelo. Liliphi inqaku elikhoyo, izicwangciso, okanye iinkcukacha zoluvo ezibuya kwakhona. Uchazo lokuba isiqalelo sifuzisela ukuba sibonakala kwimibhobho ebalulekileyo yemvakalelo. Ikomityi ye tii ebonakala kwimpikiswano nganye isenokuba ayihombisanga; ichaza ukuzama kweprotagon ephantsi koxinzelelo. Ukuba ikomityi ekugqibeleni iphoswa eludongeni, oko kwenza uphawu olubonisa ukuba inyanisile.

Inyathelo 2: IMaphu iMaphu kuTshampasi ye Arc. Isazinge sophawu sihamba ngamaxesha: isiganeko sokuqala sobuxoki, isiganeko se-catalytic, isiganeko esinzulu, ubusuku obumnyama bomphefumlo, kunye nesigqibo okanye intlupheko. Plonta imbonakalo okanye iinguqulelo kumacala. Umyezo onexesha lobunzima nentlahla ecacileyo kwakhona ujongeka kakuhle ngaphakathi.

Inyathelo 3: Qwalasela uphawu lwe Interlinear Connections. Iimpawu ezinamandla zisoloko ziqulathe ezichaseneyo. Amanzi angatshona okanye ahlambulule; umlilo ungatshabalalisa okanye uphinde uphinde utshaye. Ulwalamano oluguqukayo nezi zinto zimbini. Uhambo olusuka emlilweni, emva koko luhamba kuyo. "ichart' intshukumo yokusuka kuloyiko ukuze inike amandla. OFALT], amanzi anxulumene ngokuphinda-phinda-phindayo nokufa, inkumbulo, kunye nokucoca, ekugqibeleni isuka kwindawo apho uSe ujonge khona kwaye ukhuphe khona oko kudlulileyo.

Inyathelo 4: Hlola Isiphumo Sophawu Kuzo Zonke Iimpawu. Isazisi sendlela abasabela ngayo kumqondiso. Indlela abasebenzi besibini abasabela ngayo kumqondiso isoloko ityhila imo yokutshintsha kwe-propagnonist. Isithsaba esiyalela kuqala ukuba uthobe kodwa kamva sibangela ukuba ucaphuke okanye udeleko luthethe kumqondiso oweyo. Ileta ebangela uloyiko kwabanye kodwa iba ngumthombo wamandla owenziweyo ibonisa unyuso lwangaphakathi.

[[FLT: 0] Inyathelo 5: Vavanya isiGqibo. Kwisenzo sokugqibela, buza ukuba uphawu lutshatyalalisiwe, luguqulwe, lutshayelwe, okanye ludlule. Isiphumo sityhila uhlobo lotshintsho olubonakalayo. Uphawu oluqhekezayo isipili luze luhambe luzikhanyele ngokwalo; umntu ogcina iintsika ukuze ajonge kwi-engile ezahlukeneyo udibene nentlabathi, uzenzeka. Isigqibo kufuneka sivakalelwe ukuba sifumane into engaphephekiyo, kwaye isiphelo sophawu sibonise intluvo.

Ngaphaya Komntu ngamnye: Imilinganiselo yenkcubeko neyezinto zobugcisa

Nangona le ngxubusho ibhekisa kwimiba yophawu ngalunye, intelekelelo ebonakalisayo ayinako ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwimijelo yenkcubeko neyobukhomosi. Ingcamango kaCarl Jung yeming edibeneyo engekho zingqondweni edibeneyo yokuba iimpawu ezithile , umama, umkhohlisi, indoda esisilumko ekhulileyo ekhulileyo ekwizithethe ngokuba iqiniswe kakhulu kwi-psyche. Xa ingcaphephe ibhala umcebisi enika igosa lento engcwele, igosa kwi-archetyypymal.

Kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukuba uncwadi lwangoku lusoloko luncina okanye lugqwetha le miqondiso yobukho bembali. Isigqubuthelo, kwibali elithetha ngebhinqa elikwibutho loosolusapho, singamela inkohliso kodwa siqhubeke siphila (_ukuqhelana okufunekayo de ihlabathi libe likhuselekile ngokwaneleyo. Kwezo zixhobo, isenzo sokususa isigqubuthelo sobuso asikokukhulula kodwa siyingozi, kwaye ukuguquka kokwenene kungabandakanya ukukhulula isigqubuthelo sobuso kumabinzana omntu. Ulwimi lomfuziselo luhlala lunjalo, kodwa ukutshintsha kwalo ukubonisa ukuqondwa okucacileyo kwegama.

Uqikelelo lwembali ezininzi luthi lwandise isichazi-magama somfuziselo. KwiArundhati Roy's uThixo wezinto ezincinci , umlambo, umzi - mveliso, umzi - mveliso, kunye ne-“Umthetho wothando” uyakwazi ukwahlulwa kwimithetho yamawele engaqhelekanga, ebunjwe liqela, imbali, kunye nothando olungavumelekanga. Lo mfuziselo awukho kuyo yonke ingqiqo yokuba lufana nohlobo, ungqina ukuba eyona mifuziselo inamandla ingulowo usuka kwixesha elithile nendawo ethile.

Isiphelo: Unxibelelwano oluncumisayo phakathi Kwesiqu Sam nomfuziselo

Ii-arhente zophawu azinakulandelelana nje kweziganeko; luhambo lwenqanawa oluya kwimfihlelo yokuba yinto. Uphawu luyikhampasi kunye nemaphu, ikhampasi kunye nesiphango. Ngezipili ezibonisa ngaphezu kwenyama, uhambo oluphela apho ziqala khona zithetha into eyahlukileyo, kunye nezinto eziqokelela ubunzima bomphefumlo kumaphepha, intelekelelo isifundisa ukuba ulwazi asiyondawo esisigxina kodwa yingxoxo eqhubekayo.

Ababhali abasebenzisa imiqondiso benenjongo banika abafundi isipho esinzulu: ithuba lokubona utshintsho lwabo ngokwabo oluboniswa kubugcisa. Isigqubuthelo esidaliweyo somxhasi weprotagon okanye isitshixo esitsha sivakalayo kuba abafundi, kwanalapho, baye basebenzisa amaxesha xa bengaqinisekanga ukuba bangoobani okanye abafuna ukuba nganto. Ukusebenza ngemiqondiso akuzobuzonzo; bubuchule bokwenza abangabonakaliyo. Njengoko abasebenzi behamba emlilweni, benqumla imiphetho, kwaye bejong'eme emehlweni abo abonakalayo, intezanto yabo ngokwabo iya kuqhubeka iphindwa emva kwexesha elidlulileyo.