Ikhowudi ye-Samurai yaseBushido iye yabangela umdla kudala kubaphulaphuli ehlabathini lonke, kwaye imisebenzi embalwa yenkcubeko edumileyo iye yazisa umgangatho wayo ontsonkothileyo ebomini njengemanga kunye nothotho lwe-aimane . I-Rurounini Kenshin[. ngokwenyani “indlela yegorha” ayiyo kuphela imigaqo yemfazwe kodwa ayiyo nkqubo yemilinganiselo ebanzi eyayila umgangatho womkhosi waseJapan kangangeenkulungwane. Ngebali likaKenshin Himura, owayesakuba ngumbulali, udweli wothotho lwezihlolo olubonisa imbeko, imfesane, imfesane, kunye nentlungu yokucamathelisa ngexesha lokutshintsha kwentlalo. Eli nqaku lihlola imvelaphi ye-smun, indlela ephambili yodidi lwe-Bushma, indlela esetyenziswa ngayo, u-Fomin, kunye ne-Fur, le-evre, le provre, u-edia, i-ediav, kunye nezi zi-e.[2]

Imbali YeSamurai

ISamurai yasungulwa njengemikhosi yephondo ngexesha lamva le-Heian (794-1185) yaza yaqalisa ukuvelela ngokuthe ngcembe njengeqela lentlalo. Ngexesha iKamatura shogunate yasekwa ngo-192, babesele bengoyena mkhosi uphambili, bebotshelelwe ngezifungo zokunyaniseka kwi-daimyo (izikhulu zephondo) ukutshintshisa ilizwe okanye ii-stians. La majoni angaphambili ayephila kwixesha lemfazwe esondeleyo, apho ubuchule bokulwa nobuchule bobuqu babuyimimiselo ephambili yexabiso lomntu. Kodwa yayikho ngexesha elide loxolo lwe-Edo (1603-1668).[1] Ngokuqhelekileyo ayebiza ama-Tykuwawawa. yaye ebizwa ngokuba yikhowudi ye-Cymorth-Bushdie.

Ukumanyana kweJapan phantsi koTokugawa Ieyasu kwasusa imfazwe enkulu, i-samurayi kwimikhosi yedabi yabalawuli, abaphengululi, kunye nabagcini beqela elingqongqo lentlalo. Ngaphandle kwemfazwe elwayo, iklasi yamaqhawe yajamelana nengxaki yokuzichaza. Impendulo, iinkcuba-lwazi nesamukai zaqalisa ukuchaza intanda-bulumko eyalondoloza umoya wemfazwe ngoxa iwutshintsha kwibutho labalawuli bedabi. Incwadi ye-RFLT[FLT] isebenza njengeyamoto Toetotototo’s [FLTY:0]'s izakuyilwa i-[FLTY:] Hagarature kunye ne-Musto Musashis. Incwadi ye-RFoctals.[FTLT] Ibhalwe ngomthetho wobugrogrim, kwaye igxininisa kuqeqesho lwezomthetho lwezenteko, kunye nemithetho yobuBinst.

Ukusetyenziswa Kwebhushido Ngamaxesha Oxolo

Phambi kwexesha le-Edo, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha yayisekubhalweni, yadluliselwa ngomlomo okanye ngomzekelo. Uzinzo olunxulumeneyo lweTokugawa shogunate lwabangela ukuba kunyuke impucuko yolwimi apho i-Samurayi inokuqwalasela oko kwakuthethwa kukuphila nokufa ngembeko. [[FLT]] , iqanjwe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, yathi “indlela yeSamurai ifunyaniswe ekufeni." Le yayingekuko ukuvuselelwa kwegama lokuzibulala kodwa yayikugxininiswa kokuzingisa okuthi igonyamele ilungise ubomi bayo nangaphi naphi na, imkhulule ekusoyipheni uloyiko olunokuvela kwisigwebo sayo. Okwangoku, [FLD] Incwadi ye-FTYPG:[3]

Ezi zibhalo azizange zithethe ngelizwi elinye, kwaye uBushido waye engaze abe yikhowudi enyanzelisa umthetho. Endaweni yoko, yayiyintelekelelo enqwenelekayo eyahluka-hlukeneyo ngommandla kunye nesizwe. Phakathi kwenkulungwane ye19, ngoko ke, ingcamango yejoni elimanyeneyo lethas yaba luvavanyo olunamandla lwenkcubeko. Ubuhle obunxulumene noBushido/imbeko, intlonelo, ukunyaniseka, kunye nokunyaniseka, zazithathwa njengomgangatho apho nabani na ozijonga ngokuzijonga iSamurai afanele afunwe.

Iinceba Zobutshinga

Nangona iinkcazelo zahluka, ezi zilandelayo zibonakala rhoqo ngaphaya kweengxelo zembali kwaye kamva iVictorian-era ingcaciso enjenge Nitobe Inazō's [[FLT: 0] i-Bonophido: Umphefumlo wase-Japan[

  • [ Imbeko (Moyo):[ Udumo lwesamurayi yayiyimpahla yakhe exabiseke kakhulu. Imbeko kwisigqibo esikhokelwayo kwaye isebenza njengekhaka lobugwala. Ukuthoba imbeko kusenokuba yintlekele kangangokuba ukuzibulala ngokwesithethe (seppuku) ngamanye amaxesha kwakujongwa njengendlela ekuphela kwekhambi.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukunyaniseka (Chūgi): ukunyaniseka kwinkosi nesizwe sakho kwakugqibelele. Isambarai kwakulindeleke ukuba iphumeze imiyalelo yenkosi yayo ngaphandle kokuthandabuza, kwanangoko ilahlekelwa bubomi bakhe, kwaye ihlale iqinile nakwebuphi na ubunzima.
  • Ukuququzelela (Yūkan): ukhaliphe emzimbeni ekulweni yayibububunjani obunye. Inkalipho yokwenyaniso yayithetha ukwenza okulungileyo naxa ingathandwa, ukujamelana neengxaki zokuziphatha ngokuthembeka, nokunyamezela ubunzima ngaphandle kokukhalaza.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukutsala i-compsion (Jin): ukusuka kwiimfundiso zobuConfucius, Bushido wanyanzelisa ukuba ijoni limele libe nenceba nobubele. Umnandi owayesebenzisa amandla akhe ukucinezela ababuthathaka wayengakufanelekeli ukubizwa ngesiqu; iinkosi zokwenyaniso zazilindeleke ukukhusela abangenakuzinceda.
  • I-Intrity (Makoto): Ukunyaniseka nokungagungqi kwakubalulekile. Igama le samurai yayilumanyano lwakhe; ukwaphula isithembiso okanye ukubhenela kwinkohliso ngenxa yenzuzo yakhe walungcolisa ngokupheleleyo uphawu lwakhe.

Le migaqo yayingangqinelani. Yayakhiwe kwimibhiyozo yemihla ngemihla, ukusuka kumsitho weti kunye noqheliselo lokubhala eyakhulisa ingqondo ukuya kwisimilo esiqhelekileyo esasilawula zonke iingxoxo. Noko ke, ucelomngeni lwalubakho xa ezi mpawu zingqubana okanye zingqubana nemeko yehlabathi elitshintshayo. .A uxinezeleko olukwintliziyo ye-

Rurouni Kenshin: Ilaphu Lemithetho YaseSamurai

[[FLT: 0] URurouni Kenshin, owadalwa nguNobuhiro Watsuki, umiselwe kwixesha lamandulo leMeiji, ixesha apho iJapan yayibaleka ukuzama ukulwa emva kweenkulungwane. UKenshin Hitura, waye wayaziwa njenge-Hatoki Batquetōsai, isigebenga esithe ikrele lakhe lakrola indlela ye-pro-istorial amabutho emfazwe yamakhaya ngexesha lemfazwe ye-Bakamatsu. Xa uthotho lwezi, uKenshin luye lwalahla umphini wakhe wokubulala kwaye ngoku lubhadula emaphandleni nge-akamethō-eablasss angenakuthatha ubomi. Isifungo sakhe sokungaphinde simbula igodlo xa igorhamgosa, umlawuli welizwe ophila ngaphandle kolawulo lwezigosongelo, umele alande igosonyo oluphiweyo, ngokusebenzisa umlawuli wegazi.

Esi sixhobo sokubalisela sivumela uWatsuki ukuba avavanye imigaqo kaBushido ngokuphikisana nobunzima bamava omntu. Uhambo lukaKenshin asikokunconywa okucacileyo kwekhowudi ye-smurai. Endaweni yoko, ibuza enoba imbeko ingahlala kunye ngokucamagushelwa, nokuba ukunyaniseka kungasinda kusini na ekuweni kwemithetho yemfazwe, nokuba amandla okwenyaniso anokubonakalisa njengothantamisa.

Indlela kaKenshin: Imbeko, Ucamagushelo, neBlade Elandelayo

UKenshin akafuni ukubulala luhlobo lwakhe lobuGcisa. Apho igama lobuBushido elidunyiswayo lidla ngokuthandwa kakhulu ngaphezu kwako konke, uKenshin ufuna ingqibelelo enzulu, yangasese. Uyaqonda ukuba ubomi abuthathayo abunakubuyiselwa, kodwa unikela ubomi bakhe ukukhusela abamsulwa njengendlela yokucamagushela. Olu hlobo lubomvu oluhle: alusekho ngamehlo abantu kodwa alixa linemfazwe yangaphakathi nxamnye nobumnyama bomntu. Ngamaxesha onke uKenshin utsala isankaō yakhe, uzibeka engozini yokubuyela kumntu omsulwa njengohlobo lokucama. Umva umva uluthi qhatha ukuba injongo yakhe igcinwe, akatshabalali.

Oku kubonakalisa isidima sobuBushido sovelwano. Imbali emininzi isalarai yakhuthazwa ukuba inqande amandla ayo okulwa ngenceba, kodwa uKenshin uthatha ingcamango ngokugqithisileyo ngokususa ukhetho lwesixhobo esibulalayo ngokupheleleyo. Iimfazwe zakhe ziba luvavanyo lobugqwirha kwaye ziya kulunga: kufuneka azenze zingasebenzi ngokukhawuleza iintshaba ukunqanda nakuphi na ukuphulukana nobomi, kwanaxa ziqhubana neentshaba ezingazithimbisiyo. Olu ngcelelelo luphakamisa umbuzo ovuselelayo: ingaba ijolise imbeko nokukhusela abanye ngaphandle kokubhenela kwisiphelo sokufa?

Ukunyaniseka Nengxaki Yako KwiKenshingumi

Ngexesha lemfazwe, ukunyaniseka kwinkosi kabani kwakuyinto engundoqo eyaziwa ngesamurayi. UMeiji Reformation wawadibanisa loo mgangatho wabefundisi, washiya amajoni ekhukuliseka. Kenshin ufumana ingqwalaselo entsha yokunyaniseka kwakhe kwentsapho yakhe ekwakhela iKamiya dojo: Kaori, umfundisi womoya kaKenjutsu omnika ikhaya; uYahiko, inkwenkwenkwe eyinkedama efuna ukusukela imilinganiselo yesamurayi; iSanukoke, umlwi wendlela ngengqiqo erhabaxa yokugweba; kunye noMeumi, ugqirha obuchule bakhe bokuphilisa umzimba njengobuKenhin uphilisa umoya. Lo “Kneshuming" umela umbutho onyulweyo, kungekhona imfumba okanye imicimbi yegazi, kodwa umele ngentlonelo kunye nentlonelo.

Abanye abasebenzi abakwisiko lobufazi belizwe kunye nobungqongqo. Kwanakwixesha langoku, uSaitō Hajime, owayekaputeni we Shinsengumi . umkhosi wamapolisa osekelwe eKyoto-oto owakhusela ulawulo lweTokugawa . Ugcina ukunyaniseka kwakhe okupheleleyo kwingcamango ethi “Aku Soku Zan” (Uyabulela Ububi Ngokukhawuleza). Kwanakwixesha langoku, uSaitō usebenza njengegosa-gosa likarhulumente ophelisa abenzi bolwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle kokuthandabuza. Uyijonga i-mthetho kaKenshin njengesifungo esingeyosingqini nenobungozi, ukanti ukwabelana intlonelo esuk'isuk'incolone yobugqhinga obuphambili. Imithetho yeSaitō iyisipili senkonzo endala elungele ulungelelaniso lwe-Saithmin ityhila i-hin ebonakalisa ukunyaniseka kwekrele-enza ugonyamelo.

Ukubuyiselwa KweMeiji: Icebo Lokwenza USamurai Axabiseke

IMeiji Resource (1868) yanyanzeleka ukuba ifumane iindlela zokuziphilisa zachitha udidi lwesamurayi. Urhulumente omtsha waphelisa imimandla ye-denal, wangenisa ubulo, wakhulula ijoni eliphambili lefa labo lixhobileyo kwaye wakhulula ilungelo lokuphatha amakrele phambi kwabantu. Owayesakuba yisalarai yanyanzeleka ukuba afumane iindlela zokuziphilisa njengabarhwebi, abalimi, okanye amapolisa. Abaninzi bakucaphukelayo ukungca oku kweli xesha ababekubona njengokungcatshaza umphefumlo waseJapan, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwimvukelo enjengeSassama Revolution ka1877, ukuma kokuphela kwesamurayi yesithethe.

[[FULT:0] Rurouni Kenshin urhuqa uxanduva lwembali oluthe ngqo kwiqhinga layo. Kenshin ngokwakhe walwa kwicala le-Imperial ngexesha le-Bakamatsu, kodwa aqonde ukuba urhulumente omtsha wayekwazi ukurhwaphiliza kunye nenkohlakalo njengomdala. Ityala lakhe lisuka kulwazi lokuba ukubulala kwakhe kwanceda ukuzalwa kolawulo olwaluzakuba lushiye luze lutshutshise amajoni alo. Iimpawu ezifana noShishio Makoto, owayesakhaphela ngurhulumente weMeiji kwaye washiywa ngumlawuli ofileyo, umntu obangela umvandedwa womsindo olahliweyo. Ulwimi luka-Bushdoda .

Ngaloo ndlela olu ngcelele lusebenzisa indlela olumi ngayo kungekuphela nje njengesiphakamiso kodwa njengenjini ethethayo enyanzela bonke abantu ukuba bajongene nombuzo omnye: Yintoni eyenzekayo ngembeko, ukunyaniseka, nomsebenzi xa ihlabathi elalidale lingasekho?

Imixholo Engundoqo kwi Rurouni Kenshin kunye neMiscoous Bushido

Ngapha koko kulandelelana kwezenzo kunye nembali, Rurouni Kenshin idibanisa imixholo emininzi echukumisa ngokunzulu kwisithethe se-ramurai ngelixesha ithetha nenkxalabo zale mihla.

Ukutshintsha Nokuzivumelanisa

Ukusuka e-Edo ukuya eMeiji sisifaniso sokutshintsha umntu. Umzabalazo kaKenshin wokuziveza njengebhattōsai izipili zeJapan umzabalazo wokuzilungisa ngaphandle kokulahla ilifa layo lesithethe. UBushido, owayesisikhokeli esiluncedo kumajoni, uba yikhampasi yokuziphatha kobuqu kwihlabathi apho amakrele ethathelwa indawo ngezixhobo zompu kunye nempahla yeNtshona. Olu ngcelele lubonisa ukuba intsingiselo yokwenene yomoya wesamurarai ayichananga ekunamatheleni ngokungqongqo kwimo ephelelwe lixesha kodwa ikhombandlela yokuziqhelanisa ngoxa imilinganiselo engundoqo ifana nemfesane nebulungisa.

Umonakalo Wogonyamelo

Ngokungafaniyo nezenzo ezininzi ezimelwa yi-amime, i-Rurouni Kenshin ayiluthandi ugonyamelo. iKenshin igula oko kufana noxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo: isandla sayo sasekunene siyagubha xa inyanzelwa ukulwa, kwaye “i-Battōsai" maxa wambi isongela ukuphinda iphinde ivele. Amaxhoba exesha elidlulileyo kunye neentsapho zawo abonakala njengezikhumbuzo zentlungu ebangelwa lugonyamelo. Kwaneentshaba zidla ngokuboniswa ngooooobhishophu abasemva komkhosi, ibonise ukuba ukuphala kwegazi kuyamka. Oku kugxininisa kubungcwele bobomi bukaBushido.Ngwebo benyani kufuneka babulale, kwaye ungcelele ngollllth owethungomnye osindayo.

Ubuhlobo Njengokunyaniseka Kwale Mihla

Xa kungekho nkosi zilinganayo, umanyano phakathi kwentsapho ye-dojo luba yintsika engundoqo yobomi bukaKenshin. uRurounin Kenshin u-Rotamin] unyaniso lwe-amman's ehamba-hamba-hamba-hamba eme nkqo kunakusuka kwi-vassal kwinkosi. Ukunyaniseka okukrakrakra kuxhomekeke kwilifa likayise, uYahiko ukuzimisela kwakhe ukuba abe yisamurayi okhusela ababuthathaka, kunye noSanosuke ukuvuma ukuma ngabahlobo bakhe nangayiphi nayiphi nampini. Utho lwezo zinto lubonisa ukubonakalisa ukuthobekelwa kokunyaniseka kokuzithandela kwethu omnye njengomnye njengomanyano olunentsingiselo.

Ukuhlonela Umntu Ngokungafaniyo Nokulindela Okulindelekileyo

Abasebenzi abasoloko bejongene neemeko apho imbeko nokuziphatha okuhle kwabantu kungena kwicala elichaseneyo. IKenshin idla ngokujongwa njengegwala okanye isidenge ngabo bakholelwa ukuba ijoni limele lizibulale iintshaba zalo. Kodwa alakwaphula isifungo salo, lixabisa imigaqo yalo yobuqu ngenxa yokugculelwa kwabanye. Le ngxabano yangaphakathi ibonakalisa umgaqo wobuBushido wokuthembeka: i-samurai imele inyaniseke kuye nokuba ihlabathi liyayigqala njengehlazisa.

Imfesane Njengamandla Okwenyaniso

Mhlawumbi eyona nkcazelo ibalulekileyo ye Bushido inguRurouni Kenshin ukunyuswa kwemfesane kwisidima esiphezulu. Iintshaba zikaKenshin zisoloko zothuswa ukuba akathathi ubomi bazo xa efumana ithuba. Inceba yakhe idla ngokuqhawula umjikelo wempindezelo, iguqulela abo babezintshaba kwizixhobo ezincedisayo. Oku akuchazwa njengobuthathaka kodwa njengokubonakaliswa kwamandla anzulu angaphakathi. Intshayeza yaseKenmurarai yabona ilungile ukugqibelela amandla olwano; uKenshin ubonisa ukuba inokuba sisixhobo esigqwesileyo, ikhupha intiyo ngokunempumelelo kunayo nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi na i-bhanti.

Ukuzingisa Kwebhushido Kwingxelo Yanamhlanje

Ruruuni Kenshin ayizange iyile umdla wale mihla ngesamurayi, kodwa yadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufumeleni i-Bushido yabaphulaphuli behlabathi lonke. Ngapha nangapha isebenza njenge Akira Kuro Sava, Samura Champloo, kwaye imidlalo yevidiyo efana neTsushima [[FLT:]], udweliso lwe Tsushima[[FLT]], ungcelele oluhambayo luphuma kwinginya yoluntu lonke olubonakala luyiyo kwaye luncomekayo. Isibheno sobubuqhongo salo: ukukhangela okungagqibekanga, iimpazamo zethemba elidlulileyo.

Abafundi nababukeli abatsalelwa kwibali likaKenshin basoloko befumana imbali yokwenene esemva kwentsomi. Ukubuyiselwa kwe Meiji, i Shinsengumi, kunye noHugumo lwe Sassama asilolwelo nje lendawo kodwa izicangca zokuqonda imbali etshintshayo yexesha. Iinjongo ezifana [[[FLT:]] Britannica ungeno lweMeiji Reconsole [[[FLT: 1]] zinikezela ngomo onzulu wembali, ngelixa isazi se-[FLT:] i-IFT] inika inkcaciso ye inguqulelo ye-CUPTY [[5] [5] kwi- Media: FT]

Isiphelo

Imithetho yeSamurai ayinyamezeleli kuba inikela ingcinga elula yokuziphatha kodwa ngenxa yokuba ibambene noxanduva olungapheliyo phakathi komsebenzi nomnqweno, amandla nobulali, isithethe kunye nokutshintsha. IRurounini Kenshin [ ithatha ezi ngxiniphini kwaye iyazinxiba ezi mpawu ziphawulo kwaye izenze zibonakale zingenakulibaleka kwaye zidinwe ngokweemvakalelo, isenza intandabulumko yembali ifikeleleke ngaphandle kokuyiphanga intsonkothazo sayo. IKenhinhin ingu-ellade de ibe luphawu olubuya umva kobuthathaka bomnqolane kodwa ukungavumi kwakhe ukuchaza. Kwihlabathi elisoloko libonakala lifuna ukusetyenziswa kakhulu, ungceleleko lwalo lwendlela yokuphila ngomoya wayo. Ukuqonda okungenaluxabiso kuphela kobuGatshitshi.