Indawo yokwenziwa koopopayi igcwele yingcaciso yeendawo zokusebenza zakudala ezinezikhundla ezinamandla ezichaza ubuntwana, intelekelelo yentelekelelo, kwaye yaze yanyamalala kwimveliso. Amabali abo akayongxelo nje yempumelelo yobugcisa kunye nempumelelo yobugcisa; bafunda ngendlela abaphulaphuli abanokuyithanda ngayo ngokukhawuleza, iimodeli zokusasaza, kunye nendlela abasebenzi abasebenza ngayo abanokuyifaka kwinkcubeko yenkcubeko. Oku kuqwalasela oku kubonisa ukuba i-ankile isuka kwimimangaliso yesandla yasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 ukuya kwinguquko yeCGI ukuya kwixesha apho abaquququzeli be-opha imephu nentluququzelelana nemisebenzi yomhlaba baphinda bakhuphe khona iimephu ngokupheleleyo.

IXesha leGolden loopopayi (1920s-1960)

Ixesha elisusela ekupheleni konyaka ka-1920 ukuya kutsho koo1960 lidume ngokubanzi njengexesha lomfanekiso weGolden Age(a xa ubugcisa busuka kwizinto ezintsha buye kwizonwabisa ezininzi, naxa istudio zisekiwe abasebenzi abahlala bengenakucinywa kwinkulungwane kamva. Eli xesha lachazwa ngokhuphiswano lwezixhobo lobugcisa, iintlobo zezindlu ezahlukileyo, kunye nokhuphiswano olukrakra lolawulo lwebhokisi yeofisi.

Ukuqhekezwa komhlaba

Embindini wesiphango yayingu Walt Distue Studios. Emva kothotho lwezithonga ezithe cwaka uAlice Comedies no-Oswaldy Rabit, Disney ngokubhekiselele kwimo yokusithelekelela ngo-1980ie, “isikhitshana esinomtsalane esincinane u-Willie,” esokuqala ukubonakalisa isandi esipheleleyo. IMyuziyamzi yoMzi weNtuzo weNtsapho yoMbindi yeNtu iphawula ukuba olu lwamanyuko lujike iMike iMouse ibe ngumdlandla ebusuku kwaye yangqina ukuba umdlali uyakwazi ukuthwala umculo, incoko, iziphumo zento efana ne-Speanstelvey, kunye nokunyuswa kwe-ehavidi ye-ech, kunye ne-Speans, i-Ansten, kunye nexesha elimnandi le-ebhubhuza i-Spedie, kunye nexesha lokuhambayokudi ye-Nka

[[FLT: 0] I-Irnner Brots. yathatha indlela eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Ngeminyaka yee1930, uthotho lwayo lweSchlesinger Productionations unit(emva lwaziwa ngokuba yi-Tersite Terrace phantsi kwesiphithiphithi sabaphathi bamaTrex Avery, Chickey, ne-Bob Clamplettle/Cultlettletroit, i-imodedelius. I-Looney Tuneros ne MerrieMeriedies zanika ihlabathi iBunny, Daffuck, Porky Willaw, ne-Elmer Fudda. Ngokungafaniyo no-Dishney protageties, aba balunyukisi, abasebenzi be-oswikhozi bobugrobhayo, kwaye base-ombhinethi. [Flactive][5]

Ubuchule obufanayo obungakhunjulwanga namhlanje Fleischer Studios. Yasekwa ngabazalwana uMax noDave Fleischer, i studio yaqalisa ukuthatha i-roscoscoping", ihamba phezu kokuphila-kuhamba okufana nobomi. Le ndlela yabangela ukuba kunyuke imida yesono, i-Koko ebanzi yeClown kunye nomdanso wolwelo ka-Betty Boop. Xa bafumana amalungelo kuPopeye ngo 1933, baguqula uphawu lwe-stailfish kwimbali ye Ppop-fial, ngokufuthi iqhubela imida yesondo kunye neendawo ezintle. [FLTF2] Iinkcukacha zehlabathi zehlabathi ze-FLT [FFFF] [3] Indlela elungele ukumiswa kwe-Streaptic, indlela ebekwe ngayo kwinkqubo ye-StD, i-Prognognethis, kunye ne-PGSGenetic, ezifulsethi, ezisasele ngokukayo.[FGenetic `ix'i

Kwaneeyunithi zoopopayi ezinkulu ze studio, ezifana ne [[FLT:]MM (ikhaya lika William Hanna noJoseph Barrata, owadala uTom noJerra), kunye uSUPA, eyahlukanayo kwindalo enemifanekiso ecacileyo kunye noopopayi abalinganiselweyo ku “Gerald McBoing” kunye no-“Mr. Magoo,” wafak'ifakela kwi indakatho ephuphumayo enentlobo-ntlobo ze-stylic. Olu lwalu lululo lusekelwe kwimodeli engenisa imali encinane: umdlali ohlekisayo, enika imbonakalo engundoqo, enika i-mibhobho ejikelezayo kunye ne-boling.

Ukhuphiswano phakathi kwezi ndawo zokudlala lwakhokelela kwinkqubela ephawulekayo ngezantsi kwemibala efana ne-Technicolor, ukudibanisa amaqela eokhestra yokuqala, kunye nokuntsonkotha kwezixhobo ezibonisa ukuma kwesangqa. IiAudiences ehlabathini lonke zachukumiseka; iipoyinti zomfanekiso ziye zaba yinkqubo esemthethweni yobugcisa.

Iicracks Kwisiseko: Ukuwohloka Koopopayi Besithethe

Intsika egcina iseyile ivulekile emva kwemfazwe eyaxhasa iistudio zoopopayi zaqalisa ukungqubana njengoko ii1950 zanikezela ngeminyaka yee1960. Oku bekuyimekobume echumayo yemida yemidlalo yeqonga, imiboniso-bhanyabhanya, kunye nolinganiso lomsebénzi okhawulezayo oqhawuka phantsi koxinzelelo lobugcisa obutsha, izinto zezoqoqosho kunye nemijelo yenkcubeko eguqukayo.

Umabonwakude Nokuvela Kweemoto Zakusasa NgoMgqibelo

Amandla aphazamisayo awona aphambili yayiyinkqubo kamabonwakude. Njengoko iintsapho zafudukela kumatheko eendawo zokuzonwabisa zaza zahlala ekhaya, umkhwa ohambayo we-movie watshintsha. Imidlalo yemidlalo emifutshane yaba yindleko engafanelekanga kubaboniseli, kwaye ingeniso eyakhe yafuneka kwimiboniso ehlekisayo ngaphambi kokuba imo-nto engundoqo iphele. i-Studios yaziqhelanisa ngokuphinda i-ebhuza ii- Teleksi endala, kodwa ekugqibeleni yazakuba nento entsha edityaniswe kwikhusi elincinci. UHanna-Barbera, owasekwa ngo-19577, owasungulwa yi-MGMGM baphathi-, wafunda ubuchule bokwenza ubuchule [[FLT:] [FLT:] [1] ubuchule obuqhelekileyo, umgangatho othengwa ngumbane woncedo lweveki nolungiso olude. Ngexesha elingezolo, umkhosi wolwandle oluphezulu lombane oluphezulu lombane, umgangatho othe mkhosi wobugcisa wobugcisa wobugcisa, uninzi lwenyanga oluphezulu, umgangatho othe tyibili, u

Iintsalela Zezoqoqosho Nezivalo Zesistidio

Imisebenzi yezoqoqosho yaba yembi kakhulu. Emva kokubetha kwendlela yokusebenza kunye nokuphatha kakubi imali, kwathatyathwa nguSoarch ngowe-1942 kwaye yaphinda yabizwa ngokuba yiFamous Studios. Yaqhubeka ivelisa iPopeye kunye neSuperman shwaka, kodwa intlantsi yokudala yaphelelwa, kwaye iyunithi yaphela ekugqibeleni. Wart Disney Brotes.. ivalwa iqonga layo lokulinganisa ngo1963, isala izalathiso zentekotho zentengo zentengiso. Iifilimu ezifana “Aristoscat” kunye“ ne Hoodline zahlala zikho kwimisebenzi emifutshane kuphela kodwa ibhungane enzima. Kwasekuqaleni konyaka ka-1980yathi, i-Spey, yakhubeka. Emva kokufa kuka-GwalTyy, kwathiwa i-Blacky, i-Creant, i-orket, kunye ne-1985, i-om.[ifl]

Ukutshintsha Kwemikhwa Nokhuphiswano Olutsha

Audies, nazo, zazikhula. Ngelixesha, ii1960 kunye no1970 zabona amaza okuqala e-ante eJapani engenisa i-$27" kunye no-“Isantya Somdlalo-mpumezo” kunye no-“Nkosi yePlanet” yazisa isenzo esilandelelanayo nesixhobo sokulinganisa esibonakalayo esahlukileyo. Ngelixesha, amazwi azimeleyo njengo Ralph Bakshi atyhasha umdlali owenziwe ngumntu omdala ofana nomfanekiso wefilimu ofana no-“Fritz the Cat” (19722) kunye no-rososcoped“ Nkosi yeRings” (1978), engqina ukuba ulinganiso lunokuntsonkonteza, ngokufuthi olusolungela ukluvo, imixholo. Iiklati ezinkulu, eziphambili, ezivayo zive zive ziveza izinto zababukeli ababukeli abancinane, zijonge ngaphandle kokuchukumisa. Umdlali wemibhidiodwa wakwayo wabonakala ngathi ukhange ubuye u-Goalden ebuya.

IRevival Enkulu: INkxaso yoLunga loLunga (1980s-2000)

Kanye njengokuba umqondiso oqingqiweyo wesandla wawusenziwa, ukusetyenziswa kwetalente, ubugcisa, kunye nokuxelelwa kwamabhongo kwabangela ukubuya okumangalisayo. Oku kuphinda kuvuselelwe akukhange kwavuselela nje kuphela ukuzoba kodwa kwandisa amathuba akho.

IRenaissance (19989-1999)

Inqaku lokhetho lonyaka ka 1989 yayingu “Mnumad oMncinci.” Phantsi kokhokelo lukaJeffrey Katzinberg kunye neqela lomculo elibhalayo lika Howard Ashman noAlan Menden, uDisney wabuyela eBroadway- style engoma ezinolwazi oluntsonkothileyo kunye nonohlobo lwe-heroineine eyathi yazilandela ngokukhutheleyo amaphupha ayo. Impumelelo yefilimu yabeka isiseko seshumi leminyaka labaphuli-mhlaba: “I-Beaty ne-Baccomp" (1991) yaba ngumsebenzi wokuqala onamandla owenziweyo we-Academy Award yeMifaneki engcono kakhulu; “AladdinName” kunye ne“ iNgcroko ye-Spowerpy'. [FLT] ikhangele isantya esiphezulu, ngexesha elininzi lombane (injini) evelisa i-DSPycewdion, ekwayi-octive projective, ngexesha elibonakalayo, elisetyenziswayolike, elinguququququ.[FLY

Imvukelo yePixar kunye noLawulo lweCGI

Njengoko uDideney ebuyisela udumo lwe-2D, iqosha elincinane, eliqwalaselwe yikhompyutha elunxwemeni lalilungiselela ukulenza libe eliphelelwe lixesha. [[FLT: 0] Pixar Ulinganiso lwe-stadios, ezelwe eLucasfilm yolwahlulo lwekhompyutha kwaye enyanyekelwe nguSteve Jots, ibisenza icebo lokusika imincilito exhobileyo. Ngonyaka we-199595], yakhupha “Ifilimu yokuqala yobude obudalwe ngekhompyutha. Umfanekiso-meoyile yayiyisiganeko esinenyikima. [[FLT:] Pix2] [FT] imbali yembali esemthethweni [FTYPT] kodwa ibonise indlela engaqhelekanga yokuzinzisa i-Promesting, ivumela indlela engenakubonwayo, i-khamera, ngexesha lobugcisa bobugcisa bobugcisa obutsha.[A.]

Ukuvela Kwezindlu Ezitsha Zolawulo

IRenaissance nePixar yabangela uqhushululu olubanzi loqhushumbisi lokudala. uDream uLingelo lokulinganisa , owenziwa ngo1994 nguJeffrey Katzenberg, Steven Spienberg, noDavid Geffen, wacel ucel'ethe ngqo iPixar kunye neDisney eninzi kakhulu. [NTSVT: FYP] Studias [FLT], (2001] incothula indibano elungele ukulingana ne-artlemoney, kangangokuba yaphumelela iAcade Academ yenze inyaniswe kakhulu kwaye yafumana uphatho lwehlabathi lonke. [[FoplyFoption] kunye noluthe , uGevicerst , uGeneattle, uGenep, uGopny , uGeneption, uGenepnyse wangqinze uGene , uGene , uGeneeve, uG

Uopopayi bakamabonwakude baphinda baphinda bahlolwa: “ISimpsons” (19989-presentes) yaba yeyona isetyenziswayo eMelika ibhaliweyo ixesha elide, ngelixesha uNickelelodion kunye noCartoon Network ikhuthaza isizukulwana somdali-driven sibetha njenge-“Rugrats,”“ i-Sponge Bob SquarePant,” kunye ne-“Dexter’s Laboratory.” Intsika yothotho lweminyaka yonyaka ka 1990 yazisa uthotho lwezizo zoluhlu olufana noluthi“Pachomon Z." kunye no-Draclean Zills, ngokubheke phambili kumagumbi ahlalayo eNtshona, kodwa kwanokuyinyusa.

Ubuxhakaxhaka bubuyisela i-Indumasi (2000s\-Presenter)

Ukuba iRenaissance yowe-1990 yayiza kuthatha uzuko olulahlekileyo, iwaka elitsha leminyaka liye laba lixesha leinguqulelo ezikhawulezayo, ezisoloko zikhohlakele, ezobugcisa kunye noshishino. Izixhobo, izitishi, imiboniso yobuchule, kunye nemifanekiso yezoqoqosho iye yatshintsha kakhulu kangangokuba kwanenkcazelo ye- “discodio" iyahambelana.

Imvukelo Yezixhobo Zamanani

I-software ye-software ye-2D, i-Toon Boom Harmony, i-Templater, kunye ne-propritary yokunikezela ngomatshini wokulinganisa owenziwa ngomgangatho ophantsi wemigangatho, ivumela amaqela amancinane aphumele umgangatho womqondiso womgangatho. Kodwa oku kusebenza kwedemokhrasi kwakhona kwanyusa ukuncipha kweempawu zesithethe ze-2D. I-Dneyney iyunithi yokulinganisa izandla emva kokusebenza kwe-Unithatho lwe-Phondo "Nyaka” (2004), kwaye ngexesha le 2D iqhubekeka, intengiso ye-tetho ye-makethe yomfanekiso ophilayo. Ishishini laya phantse ukuya kwiCGI, ukuhlasela, kwaye, ngokukhulayodwa, iinjini zokwenyani ezifana ne-Uninga-unice, ezenza ukuba kubekho ubugcisa obugcinelweyo obugcinelweyo obugcinelweyo phakathi kobubetho lwezinzibo oluphilayo phakathi kwe-Jicel-S.2014.[8]

Iimfazwe eziqukuqelayo kunye nemixholo ethe ngqo ukuya- Kwikhonsimethi

Utshintsho lwesibini lokunyikima kwakukunyuko lwezintlu eziqukuqelayo. Njengoko iCNBC yanikela ingxelo, imodeli yokuzibophelela ilungise ulinganiso ukusuka kwishishini leqonga lokuqala ukuya apho amathala amakhulu eencwadi ongcelele kunye neefilimu eveliswa ngqo kubaphulaphuli abalawuli abadadayo. Le filimu i-Netflix, i-Amazon, kunye neDisney+ + ezinyuselweyo kokuqulathwe yi-aklice, ukusuka kwimifanekiso efana no-"Sithandwa, iDeath & Robos" ukuya kwimistchissess zolwandiso kumsebenzi wazo ohlala uwonke. Oku kunika abadali inkululeko ende ebanzi echaza izinto ezikhoyo kodwa ezisemgangathweni: imisebenzini yokuzinziswa iinko-'ede okanye ukususwa kwemivukelo-odokisi, kwanazo zirhoxiwe, ezihlala zingekho zibonelelo kumsebenzi zabo.

Iingxaki Zokudityaniswa Kwehlabathi Neengcinezelo Zezoqoqosho

Imeko yezoqoqosho zale mihla zikhokelele ekuvalweni okuphezulu: ngo-2021, uDiscovery uvale iBlue Sky Studios, umenzi we- “Ice Age" frankse, emva kokuyifumana kwiFoxcomplete-(a) isikhumbuzi esicacileyo sokuba i-octrate iyakwazi ukulahlwa kwinkonzo yecebo elikhulu. I-Grandney i-Discove, phantsi kolawulo olutsha lwayo, ngokudumel'i- “ixesha lokusebenza," kwaye isuse ii-filimthetho ezininzi ze-HB, emva kokuyifumana kwi-Foxcooc no-otabos, isikhumbuzo esicacileyo sokuba iiyunithi ezingenisa imali zinokulahlwa kwinkonzo yemisebenzi emikhulu. Iindlela zokusebenza zemfazwe.

Ikamva Lomsongo Womfanekiso Ongumqondiso

Phakathi kwesiphithiphithi, ukulangazelela kwabantu amabali aphilayo kuhlala kunamandla kunanini na ngaphambili. Iistudio ezihlala zihleli zize ziphumelele ziya kuba zezo ziqhelanisa nokuvela kwemikhwa ngaphandle kokuyeka imigaqo engundoqo yokubalisisa ngemifanekiso.

Ukukhula Kwemikhwa Nezinto Ezingekhoyo

Umntu angabona indlela yokuhlola yexesha elizayo. ulinganiso oludityanisiweyo olusuka ekuzilungiseni phakathi kohlobo-le-transfer izixhobo (ukubangela impikiswano enkulu. Ngelixesha obu buchwephesha bunganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo iiyure zokusebenza buze buvule ucango lwendlela yokuhlola iimpahla zobubone, ziphinde zisongele ukususa indawo kunye nokunyusa ii-homogenti ukuba zishiwe zingasebenzi. imveliso enzima [[FLT: 3]], ngokusebenzisa iinjini zemidlalo, yenza ubuchule bokwenene bokulinganisa ixesha, njengoko kubonwa kusenzeka kuninzi, kwaye unyuko lwemeko olukhoyo lwendalo, lungabonakala kumgangatho othe kratyalwexesha elikhoyo. [FFFT][5] kunye nolunyuko oluthe qhamka , unyuko lwemijukunye i-Retoif, umlinganiselo othe , uninzi lwezinto ezininzi, uninzi oluthe guquka, uninzi, umgangatho, uninzi lwezinto

Ukugcina ilifa Ngexesha Lokwamkela Ukubuyiselwa

Ukufumana istudio ezilifa njenge Disney, Warner Bros., kunye neSobhuza, ucelomngeni kukulinganisa umlinganiselo welifa le-IP entsha. Indlela yakutshanje yokukhupha i-IP. I-disney isebenza kwakhona ifreekticant yayo esebenzayo ngemisebenzi yasekuqaleni efana “Ihlabathi eli--" kunye ne-“Wish" ne"Wish" zenza uxinzelelo phakathi kokhuseleko nophuhliso. Okufanayo kusetyenziswa kwimbali ebanzi yembali yoopopayi: amaziko anjenge-Walt Disney Family Museum kunye ne-AcademyFilem Homedio asebenza ukubuyisela nokugcina ii-crecules, i-lips, i-Pluegnoreacts, kunye no-Technicolotte, ukuqaphela ukuba ezi misebenzi aziyo ekhuselwayo engokwembukweni kodwa zizinto zenkculve.

Umjikelo wonyuko nokuwa usenokuba ukhawulezile. Iistudio ezintsha zizakuqhushumbisa kwimbonakalo, zinikwe amandla yintsholongwane emfutshane okanye umsinga ongqukuva, kwaye njengokuba kufumaneka ngokukhawuleza, kudityaniswe, okanye kunyibilike. Kodwa ukuthelekisa ngokwako kuyaqhubeka kwanda kwicala ngalinye, ngokwendlela yobugcisa, kunye nelemo yelizwe. Iiklasi zemifanekiso yezobukhostikhi zexesha elizayo zinokuba ziindawo ezingqubanayo nabazobugcisa abadibaniswe ngombono kunye nangemibhobho yexesha lokwenene. Nayiphi na indlela abayisebenzisayo, umsebenzi wabo uhlala ungaguquki: ukwenza intshukumo engaphiliyo, kwaye ukwenza njalo, ukufuduka.