Igama elithi "Battle of the Titan" libangela ukungqubana kwemibutho emikhulu--amandla eyoyikekayo kangangokuba imfazwe yabo iphinda ibangele ihlabathi. Kodwa imbali ityhila ukuba olona ngquzulwano lutshabalalisayo lusoloko luvela kutshaba lwamandulo, kodwa kulawo alwahlulayo ngokubotshwa ngoloyiso, uloyiko, kunye nokungaqondani. Ukuguquka kwentsebenziswano kulwano olukrakrayo kukwiintshaba ezidanayo yidrama ephindiweyo, eqhutywa ziingcinezelo zokwakha kunye nokhetho lwabantu. Eli nqaku lichitha ukuqhekeka kobugxwayo, ukuqhatha, ukuphikisana, kunye neenjongo eziqhelekileyo zokuqukumbela kwingqungquthelana. Ngembali, siza kuqwalasela ukwenziwa kwezifundo ezikhoyo kunye nokurhoxakeka kwamaqela aphambili namhlanje.

Isiseko Esinemincili Somanyano

Umanyano luyimitshato elungele ukusetyenziswa. Luthi lulahleke xa amazwe ejamelene nesisongelo esiqhelekileyo `antswana nolwandiso, utshaba olukhoyo, amandla ombane, okanye intlekele ekhoyo. Inkqubo yokudibanisa uNapoleon, umzekelo, i-odonga elilawulayo iRashiya, i-Austria ejongene neBritane ekhululekileyo, lodwa nje logama umlawuli weCorsican ehleli eyingozi. Ngokufanayo, iGrand Alliance of World War II yahlanganisa iNtshona kunye neSoviet Union ukuphelisa iJamani yobuNazi. La maqabane ayebo arhweba, ayengendawo ephezulu, engangqubaniswanga.

Uloyiso olusisiseko olungaqondakaliyo olusisiseko lokungahambelani. Ukhuphiswano lwezoqoqosho, amabhongo elizwe, kunye neembono zehlabathi ezingqubanayo ziyaqhubeka kwanangexesha lokusebenzisana. Umbhali-mbali uThucydides waphawula ngenkulungwane yesihlanu BCE ukuba ukukhula kwegunya lase-Athene kunye noloyiko olwabangelwa yiSparta lwePeloponnesia imfazwe engenakuphepheka . Kodwa i-Athens ne-Sparta zasandul'ukuncedisana ekuthinteleni ukuhlasela kwamaPersi. Ukuphumelela kwaloo mbutho wabangela ukuba ungquzulwano lwawo lungaphepheki.

Iinjongo zomkhosi zexeshana elifutshane zisoloko zinephepha elingaphezulu kwemisantsa yejiyografi. Amaqumrhu angadibanisa uhambiso lwamajoni ngeli xesha ludinisa impembelelo yomnye emva kwemfazwe. Ubuntlola bungadityaniswa nokukrokra; ulwabiswa kovimba kuba ngumdlalo we-zero-sum. Njengoko utshaba oluqhelekileyo luye lubuthathaka, abanqolobi baqala ukulinganiselana, ukubala umlinganiselo wamandla oya kuvela. Umanyano, lususa injongo yalo emanyanisayo, ii-mons kwibala lokhuphiswano.

Imbewu Yobudenge: Ingcamango, Izoqoqosho, Nomnqweno

Ukuqhelana Neengcamango

Iinkqubo zezobupolitika kunye nezicwangciso ezixabisayo ezitshabalalisa umanyano lwezizwe ngexesha elithile. Ulawulo-melo olukhululekileyo lwaseNtshona Yurophu kunye nolawulo-mpumlo lolawulo-mpukane lweSoviet lwasebenzisana ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi II, kodwa njengoko imfazwe yaphela, umsantsa wengqondo wajika wangabi nakuvalwa. Isithembiso se-Atlantic Chater sokuzidictiona ngokwayo sangqubana nombono kaStalin wengqubano lwempembelelo eMpuma Yurophu. Intetho yenzululwazi yezobuGcisa yaguqula abakhenkeneyo yaba ziintshaba phantse ngenye imini; "Iron Critine" yahla ingesomphumeli sesiganeko esinye, kodwa njengentetho evakalayo yehlabathi engangqinelaniyo eyayiphekwe kancinane.

Kwakhona ingqiqo yoluntu itshintsha indlela abantu abacinga ngayo. Abaphulaphuli basekhaya banokuxhotyiswa ukuba bayithiye into ababeyithanda kakhulu kunendoda engaziwayo ekude, ngenxa yokuba inyani iziva isondele ngakumbi. Iimatshini zepropaganda ezazikhe zabhiyozela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezingqubana ngokukhawuleza, ukupeyinta umhlobo owenziwe utshaba oluneemvakalelo. Oku kubangela ukuba isantya sempembelelo yengqondo sikhawulezise.

Iengxaki Zezoqoqosho

Ukuxhomekeka kwezoqoqosho kusenokuba likrele elinamacala amabini. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, uBukhosi baseJamani kunye neBritane yayingamaqabane amakhulu orhwebo, kodwa ukhuphiswano lwezorhwebo lwemarike, izinto ezingalungiswanga, kunye nobukhulu bomkhosi wamanzi lwabangela ubutshaba bobutshaba. Njengokuba imveliso yezoshishino yeJamani yadubula, iBritane yaqonda ukuba sisisongelo kulawulo lwayo lwezoqoqosho. Amarhanisi, iimbambano zelizwe, kunye nohlanga lwezixhobo zemfazwe zaguqula abahlobo bezoqoqosho baba ngamaqela amaqela angaqhelekanga. ungquzulwano lwemidabi yaseJamani lubonisa indlela ezibonakala ngayo izisongelo zezoqoqosho, kwana ngaphandle kwemfazwe ecacileyo.

Ngokufanayo, emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, inkqubo yeBreton Woods kunye neSicwangciso seMarshall zayilwa ngexesha elinye ukuze zakhiwe kwakhona iYurophu kwaye ziqulathe impembelelo yaseSoviet, zidala udonga lwezoqoqosho phakathi kwekhapitali kunye nezizwe zobukhomanisi. Isigwebo sorhwebo, i-embango, kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa zaba zizixhobo, zathatha indawo yentsebenziswano edibeneyo yeminyaka yemfazwe. Izoqoqosho ziphawula ukuba akukho ngeniso.

Ukufuna Imali Nokuzikhusela Okungachazwanga

Ingxaki yokhuseleko . apho imigudu yelizwe elithile yokuphucula ukhuseleko lwalo yenza abanye bazive bengakhuselekanga ````kukulwalwa'''. Amandla anyukayo angaqinisa imida yawo okanye andise umkhosi wamanzi ngenxa yezizathu zokukhusela, kodwa abamelwane bawo bawachaza ezi zinto njengezilungiselela uhlaselo. Kwiminyaka yangaphambi kwemfazwe yehlabathi I, iSchlieffen Plan yayikukuzama kweJamani ukusombulula ingxaki enzima emibini, ukanti yanyanzela iFransi neRashiya ukuba zibambe izivumelwano zayo, ekugqibeleni zirhuqe iYurophu zisenza intlekele. Oku kwaqala njengokuceba komkhosi onobulumko ukukhangela kwabanye njengeplani yokulawula.

Impembelelo yokuzalisa izigqubu zikamandla ikwatshintsha amaqabane. Njengokuba uBukhosi base-Ottoman buqhekeka, iRashiya kunye ne-Austria-Hungary, ngokuzisholo phantsi koManyano Lweekumkani Ezintathu, yaqalisa ukhuphiswano olungxamisekileyo lwempembelelo kwiiBalkan. Ukhuphiswano lwabo lwakhula lusuka kumacebo olawulo lomkhosi, luguqulela amaqabane kwimibambo yokudubulana komhlaba wonke. Abaphengululi kwi-International Encyclopedia of the Fir World War bachaza indlela inkqubo yomanyano ngokwayo eyaba yiyo yaba yingxwelerha yezi mpi.

Iinkanunu Ezingundoqo Ezingathenjwa

Iindawo ezitshintshayo zembali zisoloko zibonakala ngesiquphe, kodwa zibangelwa zizikhalazo eziqokeleliweyo. Ezinye iziganeko zidityaniswa ngokuthembeka.

Inkohliso Nenkohliso Engalawulekiyo

Izivumelwano ze-email okanye ezicingelwa ukuba zingcatshiwe zinegalelo elinamandla. I-Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact yothusa ihlabathi xa uHitler noStalin, ii-archrival, bavuma ukwahlula iPoland. Kulawulo-lwazi lwedemokhrasi lwaseNtshona, kwakubonakala njengokunganyaniseki kokhuseleko olumanyeneyo. Kwanasemva kokuba isivumelwano sobuphendu siwile ekuhlaseleni kwe-USSRSS, ukukrokrekretha, uStali wahlala ethemba ngokupheleleyo abahlobo bakhe baseNtshona, eqinisekile ukuba baza kufuna uxolo olwahlukileyo noHitler. Oku kungathembaniwahlula-mfazwe yemfazwe kunye nemfazwe ephambili.

Kwiinkulungwane zangaphambili, "Imvukelo yeDiplomatic" ka1756" apho iAustria yashiya umanyano lwayo lwesithethe lwamaBritane kweyamaFrentshi .(iii) yaguqula abo babengabahlobo bayo baba ziintshaba kwimfazwe yeminyaka esixhenxe. Utshintsho olunjalo lubonisa ukuba umanyano lubuthathaka ngokwenene.

Abancedisi bomkhosi kunye nezibheno zomGqibi

Xa imikhosi eyayanyaniswayo isebenza kwiholo enye, ukuxabana ngokuyalela, ubuncwane, kunye nokunconywa ngenxa yoloyiso kungadala ingxabano. Ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi II, iinjengele zaseMerika nezobuBritani zachasa ngamandla ngecebo, kwicala ngalinye zityhola ukusukela izilangazelelo zesizwe ngokuphulukana nombutho. Ezi mpikiswano, nangona ziqulethwe, zibonisa indlela intsebenziswano yomkhosi enokulola ngayo kunokuba igudise uqukuqela.

Iimfazwe eziphambili ziba sisixhobo esithandwayo sabaxhathisi abaphepha ungquzulwano olungqalileyo kodwa befuna ukuthoba ingxubano. EKorea, eVietnam, e Afghanistan, nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi alwa imfazwe yomlomo, amagunya amakhulu axhobileyo, enza ungquzulwano lwengingqi lube lukhuphiswano lwamandla. Imfazwe nganye yekhompyutha enegunya lokusebenza kwenye ikhompyutha yalwenza lwakhula ukhuphiswano, nto leyo eyenza ukuba lungabi nakwaba nakucinga ngekamva.

Iimfazwe Zeengcamango Nemfazwe Yolwazi

Xa ithe yathembana, ingxelo ithatha indawo yezibakala. Imijelo ye-Diplomatic ekufuphi kwaye uluvo lukawonke-wonke luqina. Ixesha lasemva ko1945 labona iUnited States neSoviet Union zenza zonke izinto zendalo zolawulo lwendalo ukuthoba isidima esinye. Unomathotholo Free Europe, ilizwi laseMelika, kunye nemibutho ephambili yaseSoviet yalwa imfazwe yamazwi eyabangela ukuba elinye libe libi ngokusuka kumdaka. Intetho "yehlabathi elikhululekileyo" inikwa ulwahluzo olungafikelelekiyo. Xa abantu beyisekile ukuba utshaba oludala lufayo, iinkokeli zifumana imfazwe exabisa imali eninzi ukusukela i-dénte.

Iimpazamo Eziluncedo Ezikhokelela Kungquzulwano

Ukutshintsha ukusuka kuwe ukuya kuphikisi akufane kube sisigqibo esinye, ``kukulandelelana kwemiqondiso engabonakaliyo, ukuthatha inyathelo eligqithisileyo nokungakhuthazi ukunqanda.

Ukusingela Umlinganiselo Wokuzimisela Kotshaba

Ziqinisekile kwintsebenziswano yazo yakutshanje, iinkokeli zidla ngokucinga ukuba iqabane liza kubuyela phantsi xa licetyiswa. Ngonyaka ka-1914, iJamani yakholelwa ukuba iBritane, iqabane layo lorhwebo kunye nogxalaba lwayo, iza kuhlala ingathathi cala kwimfazwe yelizwekazi. Oku kungqubana okuphosakeleyo kwaba yintlekele. Ukungaqondani okufanayo kwenzeka xa i-Argentina yahlasela iFalklands ngo1982, iqikelela ukuba iUnited Kingdom [1]ahn i-ekhombano elungeleneyo kwimfazwe yomlomo . Ingxube i-gono ye-gxame eqinileyo yaguqula imfazwe yemfazwe yemfazwe elwayo, i-London yabangela ukuxabanananana kokwexeshana kwi-Western eding kodwa ekugqibeleni i-syntion i-syncrence.

Ukudlala Ngokugqithiseleyo Umdla Wesizwe Ngenkcitho Yoqhaqho

Ubufanasini obufutshane obungasetyenziswanga kancinane bungaphulwa bubudlelane. Xa iFransi yarhoxa kumyalelo we-NATO odityanisiweyo womkhosi ngowe-1966, yothusa umanyano lwamazwe aseNtshona, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba iFransi yaba lutshaba, kodwa ngenxa yokuba isikhokelo esingundoqo sakhetha ukukhupha ulawulo lolawulo oluphezulu ngendlela ebonisa ukungathembani. Nangona ukuxambulisana kusekhona, isiganeko sabalase zobupolitika sibalaselsa ukhuseleko olumanyeneyo.

Imiphumo Yokungavumelani

Izivumelwano zolwakhiwo zingatsala amazwe angene kwiimfazwe angazange azifune, zidala ungquzulwano olutsha endleleni. Inkqubo entsonkothileyo yezivumelwano ezidibeneyo zangaphambi kweWWI yathetha ukuba intlekele yengingqi ye Balkan yayaphuka yaya kwimfazwe yehlabathi kuba iqela ngalinye laluhlonela ubophelelo lwalo olunemiqathango encinane. Kwanaxa ingxubangxube yentlalo yokuqala yayinemdlanano. Lo msebenzi wenzelwe ukugcina uxolo endaweni yoko wabangela ukuba kubekho ungquzulwano: iRashiya ixhase i-Austria, iFransi yaxhasa iRashiya, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-Britani yangena nxamnye neJamani. Aphosalwayo i-'icebo lezithembiso, abahlobo baba zisuka baba ziintshaba ezimiselweyo.

Ukhokelo Nokungavisisani

Imeko eziphambili zibalulekile, kodwa umntu ngamnye ubumba isantya nesandi somonakalo. Iinkokeli ezikholisayo zinokulwa noloyiko namabhongo ukuze zinyanzelise amazwe azo angabi nantsebenziswano.

Uphazamiso lukaNapoleon III olungePrussia lwaguqula imfazwe yezizwe elawulekayo yaba yimfazwe kaFranco-Prussia. Kumashumi eminyaka ngaphambili, uNapoleon Bonaparte ngokwakhe wabonisa indlela ubuntu obubodwa obulawulayo obunokwenza ngayo intsebenziswano nxamnye naye, kwanangendlela ababezinxulumani zakhe ngaphambili u-Tsar Alesandire I (enjenge Tsar) obeyintshaba emva kweSivumelwano sikaTilsit. Ngokufanayo, ubutshaba bobuqu phakathi koJohn F. Kennedy noNikita Khrushchev ngexesha leCuban Missile Crisiss phantse yatshona kwimfazwe yenyukliya, kodwa kwakhona yaba yimpumelelo yayo yonxibelelwano eyathiyo emva kokuba inyuke emva kwe-Rcestery.

Ubuchule bokwenza umahluko budinisa ulwahluko. Intetho yeTruman Doctrine ka 1947, eyathi ihlabathi layibeka njengomlo phakathi kwenkululeko nobukhomanisi, yaqinisa ingqiqo ye-bipolar. Ngelinye ixesha ingqinelana nengqikelelo yokwenene, yatsala umgca ocacileyo owanyanzela amaqabane angaphambili ukuba akhethe amacala, iguqula amaqabane athandabuzayo ade atshaba olubiweyo.

Isangqa esisezantsi kwi Open Conlib: Uvavanyo lwe Case

Imfazwe yasePeloponnesian: Ukusuka kumanyano lwamaGrike ukuya kuMbango waseSpartan-Athenian

UManyano lweDelian, ekuqaleni olwenzelwe ukukhusela iPersi, lwaba ngubukhosi base-Athene. USparta, inkokeli yomkhosi eyaziwayo ngexesha leemfazwe zamaPersi, wabukela i-Athene ikhula ngamandla, yakha udonga olude kwaye yalawula i-Aegean. Uthotho lweziganeko `Corcyra, Potidaea/Trives yabiza iThucydides ngokuba "uvukelo lwamandla ase-Athene kunye noloyiko olubangelwa yile mfazwe eSparta. Owakhe walwa ngamacala ePlataease-nea neSalamis ngoku wabulalana kwimfazwe engaphambili, eyonakalisayo. [[FLT.10]]

IMfazwe Yehlabathi I: Ukusuka Kumanyano Oluyintlabathi Ukuya Kwiintshaba

I-Itali, nangona isityikityo seTriple Alliance neJamani ne-Austria-Hungary, savakalisa ubundilele ngo-1914 kwaye ekugqibeleni sadibana namagunya e-Entente ngo1915. Ukudilika okuququzelela ulawulo kwagqitywa apha: umanyano olwalucetyelwe ukulondoloza uzinzo lwashiywa xa i-Itali yafumanisa ukuba iminqweno yayo ixhomekeke kwizakhelo zayo. Oku kuphambuka kubonisa ukuba kwanezivumelwano ezisemthethweni ziyawohloka xa kuthenjiswa intlawulo lwesizwe. Isivumelwano esifihlakeleyo sase-London sathembisa inzuzo yomhlaba eAustria-Huntary, singqina ukuba intlawulo lwanamhlanje lunganikelwa ngenxa yebhaso somvuzo.

IMfazwe Yomlomo: Ukusuka Kwimfazwe Yonyaka Ukuya Kwiintshaba Zenyukliya

IGrand Alliance nxamnye noHitler yawa kwisithuba seminyaka emibini yoSuku lweV-E. Ukungquzulana kwelizwe lase-Poland, icandelo leJamani, kunye nobume bokwakhiwa kwakhona emva kwemfazwe kwabhenca imibono engalawulekiyo yeSoviet Union kunye neNtshona. I-Berlin Blottede, ukwakhiwa kweNATO, kunye nebhombu ye-athom yeSoviet yaguqula intsebenziswano yaba ngumzabalazo we-zero-sum yempembelelo yomhlaba wonke. Kodwa, eyona nto ibalulekileyo, imfazwe engqalileyo yapheliswayo; ungquzulwano lwahlala luqulathwe ngomlinganiselo oqhwithayo wegunya. Imfazwe ye-Drority ityhilary i-Rommentalths iqhubekela amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokunyuka kwemfazwe ukuba ubuchule bozinzolo lubambe.

Imiphumo Yokuwohloka Komtshato

Xa amaqabane ethanda ukuxambulisana, inkqubo yezizwe ngezizwe iguquka ngamandla anwenwela kwizizukulwana.

  • Imephu ze Geo Antipalitisme: Ababesebenza kunye bavelisa iingqukuva zempembelelo, maxa wambi bahlula amazwekazi onke. IPost-WI Yurophu yadityaniswa ngeKhavini le-Iron, idala amaqela amabini achaseneyo alawula imicimbi yehlabathi lonke.
  • Ugqatso loMbalano noMvukelo: Utshintsho olusuka kwintsebenziswano ukuya kukhuphiswano luphambukisa ubuncwane obukhulu ukuya ekusebenziseni umkhosi. Ugqatso lwezixhobo zenyukliya phakathi kwe-US ne-USSR lubiza izigidi-zigidi zezigidi zemali lubangele isisongelo esisisigxina sokutshatyalaliswa, nangona ezi zimbini zavela kwisivumelwano semfazwe.
  • Imfazwe yemfazwe yemfazwe ephakathi. IKorea ihlala yahlulwe, iTaiwan isikhululo, nemfazwe yamakhaya yase-Siriya yaba yindawo yokulwa yabahlobo bangaphambili bemfazwe yemfazwe yeMerika.
  • I-Institualial Collapse and Reault: Ii-Alliance ezifana noManyano lwezizwe zasilela ngokwenxenye ngenxa yokuba ababemanyeneyo babengenako ukuxhasa imigaqo yentsebenziswano. Amaqumrhu empumelelo, njengeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, ayenzelwe ukulawula ugqatso olukhulu lwamandla, kodwa inkqubo yeveto ityhila ukungathembana okungapheliyo.

Kanti imfazwe yomlomo ekhuthaza ukuhlola ummandla wendalo, inkqubela kwezobugcisa, kunye nokutshintsha kwentlalo njengoko icala ngalinye lifuna ukungqinelana ngokusemthethweni. Imikhosi etshabalalisayo enyanzelisayo izizwe ukuze zivumelane, ngokufuthi izenze ziqine ngeendlela ezingabonwanga.

Iintsomi Zale Mihla: Ukukhusela Ukuwohloka Okulandelayo

Umhlaba wanamhlanje wehlabathi unezinxulumani ezitshintsha-tshintshayo zelizwe lonke ngokubhekiselele kwindima ye-Indo-Pacific, yeNATO ejikelezayo, kunye nokunyuka kwabadlali abangengomazwe . "ithetha ngokucacileyo indlela amaqhina adibene ngayo. U United States neTshayina, umzekelo, idibene kakhulu kodwa ijongene ngokunzulu ngokwezoqoqosho kodwa ngokuya ijongwa njengeentshaba zezixhobo. Imbono yazo zezibuko ezikhoyo ngokwembali: umahluko wezoqoqosho, irhafuthezo, kunye novavanyo lwamajoni. iCouncil kwi-Grountaltionline yexesha lamazwe angaphandle ilandela ukuguquka nokuquququzelela kwentsko kunye nokulwano, ibonisa ukuba umgca weminxeba phakathi kombani kunye notshaba alulungiswanga.

Ukuqiqa kungasibamba isityibilikisi. Udityaniso lwezobuzwe oluthe rhoqo, amanyathelo okwakha intembelo, kunye nokwahlukana ngezoqoqosho kwiimbambano zokhuseleko kunganciphisa ubungozi bokungalingani. Isiphelo semfazwe yomlomo ekugqibeleni, esixhotyiswe kukulawulwa kwezixhobo kunye nengxoxo, singqina ukuba iingxwabangxwaba aziguquguquki. Ukuqonda ukuwohloka kwembali kunyathelo lokuqala ekwakheni ulwalamano olunamandla oluchasa ukuxhathisa uloyiko nebhongo.

Isiphelo

Ukuguquka komanyano luye kudibana notshabalala akuyonto iphazanyiswayo ngequbuliso kodwa yinkqubo eqhutywa zizikhalazo eziqokeleliweyo, iingxwabangxwaba, kunye nokukhethwa ngabantu. Ukusuka e-Athens kunye neSparta ukuya kwiMikhosi emikhulu yemfazwe Yomlomo, lo mgaqo uyaphinda uphinda ukwenzeka: impumelelo ivelisa iinjongo ezifanayo; iingcamango kunye nokwehla kwezoqoqosho; ukuthemba kuyawohloka ngenxa yokungcatshwa nokunganyaniseki kakuhle; kwaye iintshukumisa ezincinane zibangela imililo eyintlekele. Imfazwe yamaTitan-*xribon okanye ikhutshwe kwiimfazwe ezinkulu zembali, iyasithelela ukuba iindonga ezinamandla phakathi kwezizwe zisoloko zakhiwe kwincithane eziwileyo. Ukukhusela iintlekele zexesha elizayo, iinkokeli zimele ziqonde izilumkiso zokuqala, zixhathise ukucinga kwabahlobo babo, nokukhuthaza iimfazwe ezingonwa yimiqobo ezithinzileyo ezithi zicingelwayo.