anime-events-and-conventions
Ukusuka KwiCosifil Kuse KwiKaraoke: Indaleko Yeendibano ZeAnime Ngexesha Lamanani
Table of Contents
Iindibano ZeAnimie Ngaphambi Kokwanda Kwamanani
Ibali leendibano ze-amine liqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba i-Internet edityaniswe kwinethwekhi yomhlaba wonke. Ngoo1970 nangoo1980, abalandeli bahlanganisana kwiiholo ezincinane zezifundo zeyunivesithi, kumbindi woluntu, kunye namagumbi eehotele aqeshiweyo. EJapan, i-dojinshi (i-maniga epapashwayo) imbonakalo yayisele ivele kwi-Comiket ngo-1975, indibano encinane yabazobini abazobi bezotyiki bemifanekiso exubileyo. Ngoku i-foto edityani engaphezulu kwesiqingatha sesigidi sabafundi bekhodathathatha, kodwa imvelaphi yayo yayiphantsi kakhulu, kodwa ikopi eziyi-50 ze-zine kwaye yazithengisa kwiitafile ezisongelwe.
Iziganeko zamaJapan uDaicon III kunye noIV (19981 kunye no1934) zidumile ngenxa yoopopayi abavula ngokungenamsebenzi, ezathi kamva zaphembelela ukusekwa kweStudio Gaudax. Ezi ndibano zangaphambili zazidikekile, zididekile, zize zinyangelwe yindlala elula: ukufumana abanye abantu ababekhathalela iipoyinti ezifanayo. Emntla Merika, indibano yokuqala eyanikezelwayo yaba yiProject A-Kon, eyaqaliswa eDaldas ngo190,000 ngonyaka. Yalandelwa yi- EXEXIFLT[[FLD:1] ngo-192, eyaqala kwi-San Jose Hotele kwaye ukususela oko ikhule kwindibano enkulu ye-im, igcwalisa iKos Angeles eMasipala ngonyaka wonke.
Ezo ndibano zamandulo zazisebenza kumatsha - ntliziyo, iiVHS ii-famib ezitshintshiswa ngeengxowa zeplastiki, kunye namagumbi eendawo apho i-CRT enye idlala umabonwakude onamaqokobhe abhaliweyo e- i-Mobile Ischeme Gundam okanye Ramma [2] [12 FLT][FLT]]. Iholo yaba yi-bazar yenter yenter yenter ye-bootleg kunye neski. Akukho system ephilayo, akukho mediat, akukho media ezakha-ungiselwano-up, incwadana eshicilelweyo, kunye nesitshisi yombane yokufumana ukuba i-eqonga elingulogoso.
Imvelaphi ye Cossipe: Ukusuka ekuthungeni ukuya kubugcisa bamanani
IXesha loMphathiswa
Icossille − compume drives , inemvelaphi yesithethe se- 20 yenkulungwane yenzululwazi yentsomi, kodwa abalandeli baseJapan bayicombulula yaba yimo yobugcisa eyahlukileyo kwiminyaka yee 1980. Iinkomfa zangaphambili zazisebenza kwinkumbulo kunye nemifanekiso yemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yamaphephancwadi, iipateni, ilaphu elimdaka kwivenkile yasekuhlaleni, kwaye ithunga yonke into kwiimatshini zokuthunga zasekhaya. Impahla enye ithatha iinyanga zokuvavanya kunye nempazamo, kungekho Internet i-STRING ukunqumla le nkqubo. Xa i-cosplace ifikile kwindibano, umsebenzi wayo wabonwa kuphela ngamakhulu abantu kuloo sakhiwo. Kwandula ke iyunithi yayipakishwa kude de kube sisenze isiganeko esilandelayo.
I - Internet Ibangela Ienguqu Zobuqhinga
Unyuko lwengingqi, iifoto- eziphicothayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni iYouTube yaguqula i-costage ukusuka kwimisebenzi yasekuhlaleni yaba yincoko yomhlaba wonke. I-cosplar eFinland ingaphakamisa i-wig-styring-slining ukuba umqali eMzantsi Afrika angalandela inyathelo ngenyathelo. Inkcukacha zakha iiplagi kwi Cossilleging.com kunye kamva ne-Instagram kunye ne-Tik Tok zaphula iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zentsokothileyo, LED whirling, i-ipring, i-nethinginginging, i---injini edifihlway. Oku kunyuswa kolwazi kuthetha ukuba italentelling okanye unikezelo oluluhlaza kulutsha kulutsha.
Impumelelo yezentlalo yonxibelelwano yavelisa intsabelo. Abasebenzi abafaka iipali ezithe rhoqo zolwakhiwo lwabaphulaphuli, nabo babekhokelwa kwisimemo sendibano, amaqabane, kunye neekhomishini ezihlawulwayo. iModeln cosvern idlala imbali [[ amaxwebhu ashicilelwe ukusuka kumsebenzi wokuzonwabisa ongafundwanga kakhulu ukuya kubuchule obudityanisiweyo bobugcisa, urhwebo, kunye nempucuko yempembelelo. Namhlanje, ikhoskipa ephezulu ingachitha unyaka ekwakheni inxalenye enye yokhuphiswano, 3D-ishicilo lwezixhobo, idityaniswe ngamaphiko afana namagama, kwaye isuka kwiqonga elikhulu phambi kwabaphulaphuli abahlala bezigidi.
Ukwenziwa Kwamagunya Okudlala Ixabiso
Indibano yecossille yingqeqesho eninzi esetyenziswayo. Abakhi basebenzisa imipu yobushushu, izixhobo zokukhanyisa, kunye ne-software yokwenziwa kwamanani. Izixhobo zokudlala ziveliswa ngezixhobo zomculo, iziphumo zokukhanya, kunye nengxoxo ebhalwe ngoonobumba abasisi-90-senetekeni. Izifundo eziphambili ngoku ziinkomponi njengeendwendwe, ukuthunyelelwa kweevenkile kwimibhobho yokufaka igwegwe, inkqubo yokulungisa imowuli, kunye nepropt. Izixhobo ze-digickit zicuthe imiqobo: 3D abashicinezeli besenza iiveki ezithatha ii-gantsss zokulungisa izandla; imibhobho egqibeleleyo njengeethi yeCLO noMyili oqhamisayo ivumela ipakelwe kakuhle iftware yemiculo.
Le ndaleko izise imigangatho ebalulekileyo yoluntu. Imilinganiselo yenkcubeko yokwabelana, inkcubeko yamatyala, kunye neentshukumo zokuthelekisa iimpahla zidityaniswe kwilaphu lomsebenzi wokuzonwabisa. Ibinzana elithi "cosificice yeyamntu wonke" lixhaswa yimigudu esebenzayo: izithambiso ezincanyathiselwe kwibheji, iipali ezibonisa umzimba, kunye nemigaqo ecacileyo ekhusela abanxibi kwimifanekiso engafunwanga okanye ekuchukumisa. Le nqwelo-mafutha ayikhulanga nje kubuchule bobugcisa kodwa kulwazi oluqhelekileyo.
Karaoke: Ukusuka Kwibhindi Elilics Ukuya Kwinkundla Yemidlalo Ephithizelayo
Iingcambu ZeAnisong Sing-Along
Karaoke ibisisithethe sentlalo yasekuhlaleni eJapan ukususela ngo 1970, ngoko kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba iindibano ze-aimane ziyithabathe. Ngo-1990, igumbi lendibano i-karaoke yayingumsebenzi ophantsi we VCR okanye umdlali we-lassic, imoduli enentambo eqinileyo, kunye nento edibeneyo eshicilelweyo yezongoma eshicilelwe kwindawo ye-athor. Ii Fants zema elayini ukubhabhata i "Ange Angel's Thesis" ukusuka [[FL:] umdlali we-Naion Evangelion[FLT:], ", "Intambo eqinileyo" ukusuka [FLT:] [FLD2] [FFF], yaye isoloko igquma i-Chobop[FFFF], okanye "Moncerst" ukusuka ku-FOLD [FFF] [FON], umgangatho ombiso olubi kakhulu, kwaye uvumo lwesandi esinzima, yayekayomo olubi, olubi kakhulu.
Ezi zikolo zazicula ngokuziintloko kuba izosha ze-anaisong zithwala ubunzima obunzulu obungokweemvakalelo kubalandeli. Ziculela kunye imiqobo yolwimi oluncitshisiweyo . Izosha zesiJaphan ziculwa ngabantu abathetha isiJapan, iintetho zefonetiki, kunye nolwimi lwesandi oluthethwa lihlabathi lonke. Igumbi le-karaoke yayiyindawo ekhuselekileyo yokukhuthazana novuyo oluzenzekelayo.
IKaraoke Yamanani Nokukhula Kwezithethe Zezithonga
Indibano yanamhlanje ayifani nala magumbi okuqala. Iinkqubo ze-karaoke zamanani njenge Joy sound zinika amashumi amawaka emikhondo exhaswa ngobuchule neevidiyo, isitshixo esilungelelanisiweyo kunye nolawulo lwexeshana, kunye nezikhokelo zelizwi ezinceda iimvumi ezithandabuzayo zifumane iglasi yazo. I-along elula ivela kwisantya esikhulu "I-Anime Idol" ukhuphiswano apho abakhuphisi beqhuba kwimigangatho engundoqo ngesandi esinguchwepheshe, abadansi abaxhasi besandi esixhasayo, kunye nokuqukuqela koontamelwa kubantu ababukeli behlabathi lonke.
Abaphulaphuli baguqukile. Imithetho edityanisiweyo yokubhala ngezantsi, i-"fan" ejikeleza imibala-bala ekhanyayo ngokwendlela echanekileyo", iveza umboniso obonakalayo ofana namandla ekonsathi. Unxulumano- kunye nomculo wesingqi, ufunde kwikonsathi yezithixo zamaJapan, uzalise iholo ngesixhobo sokufaka isingqi esifinyeza umgca phakathi komdlali nombukeli. Le ndaleko ibonisa indlela izixhobo zolwimi kunye nesixhobo sokubala i-antellic esenziwe nge-antellic ephezulu ephakamise ngayo umsebenzi kwintsika yendibano, idibanise ngesixhobo sokusebenza esiphothiweyo.
Umaleko Wamanani: Indlela Ubugcisa Obuyiguqula Ngayo Indibano Ethi Ngokwayo
Indibano yonyaka-nyaka
Kude phambi kokuba iminyango ivuleke, ukhuphiswano lwezentlalo lwakhe ulangazelelo. Iindibano zisebenzisa i-Instagram, X (Twitter), i-Tik Tok, kunye neDislard kwizaziso zobukhenkethi, ukwabelana ngezibhengezo, kwaye zityhile izinto ezithengwayo. Uluntu lwentengiso luzenza ngokujikeleze ezi zikhupho, ludala uvumo oluqhubela phambili ukuthengiswa kwethikithi kunye nokulindela kosuku lokuqala. Ngexesha lesiganeko, igalelo, i-oweetet ephoweet efaka imifanekiso ekhasetiweyo, kunye nokusabelana ngexesha lokwenene kwenza indibano yemivo ehamba kunye neyo ehamba ecaleni komzimba.
Lo maleko wemivo uneengenelo zekonkrithi. Abaququzeleli abaphoswa yindawo edumileyo kuba igumbi lalizele benokufumana iimbalasane kwi-media. Abaququzeleli ababengakwazi ukuya kwindibano bangahamba besuka ekhaya. Kwaye abaququzeleli bafumana ingxelo yexesha lokwenene ngoko kusebenza noko kungenjalo, besebenzisa iimvakalelo zezentlalo-ntle ekulungiseni iinkqubo zomsebenzi wonyaka ozayo. Indibano ayisekho phelo-mva -veki; incoko epheleleyo yonyaka enesiganeko sencopho ephakathi.
Iinkqubo Ezihamba Ngenqwelo - mafutha: Ukuqhuba Inqanawa, Izaziso, Nokwandisa Ulwakhiwo
Izicwangciso zepokotho ezishicilelweyo ziphantse zatshintshwa ngokupheleleyo zii-apps ezihamba-hambayo. Ezi apps zenza okungaphezulu kakhulu kunoluhlu lwamaxesha eqela. Zibonisa iimaphu ezisebenzisanayo nophendlo lweholo yabahwebi, zityhalela phambili izaziso zeziganeko ezidibanisa izixhobo. Ezinye iindibano ziveze izinto zokwazisa. /scaflivers) Iindawo zokuzingela ezindwendwelwayo, ukuthatha iimenu ezithile, okanye ukufumana iikhowudi ezifihliweyo ze QR. Ezi misebenzi yemivo ikhuthaza abaquququzeleli ukuba bahlole iindawo zendibano ngenye indlela bangaphosa.
Ugcino-lwazi oluveliswa zezi nkqubo luxabisekile kubaququzeleli. Iindlela zonyawo zityhila ukuba zeziphi iipaseji zebhotile, eziphi iipaseji ezithandwa kakhulu, kwaye zeziphi ezithi abathengisi batsale izihlwele ezinzima. Olu lwazi lusetyenziselwa ukucoca ubume, ukulungisa ungquzulwano locwangciso, kunye nokuphucula ukuqukuqela kwesihlwele kwiminyaka ezayo. Le nkqubo ayisosixhobo esincedayo; sisixhobo esenza indibano ibe ngcono kubo bonke abantu.
Ukuhlala Usongezwa Nevidiyo Ngenxa Yemfuneko
Le ngxaki ikhawulezisa intsingiselo esele ihamba: ukuqukuqela kwendibano kubemi abakude. Iziganeko ezinkulu ngoku zivelisa imimithendeleko ekwiziko lobugcisa ehlala ikho, imiboniso efana neyobugcisa, iipali zoshishino, kunye neekonsathi. Iividiyo-eon-demand zogcino-zincwadi zivumela abalahli bezinto abaziphosayo kangangeentsuku okanye iiveki emva kwesiganeko. Ingcaciso zihamba ngemiboniso oluqhelekileyo lwemiboniso lwamanani kwaye zihlala apho abadali babonisa umsebenzi wabo ngexesha lokwenene.
Le ntshukumo iyavuma ukuba impembelelo yendibano idlulela ngaphaya kwemilenze ephathekayo. Indibano edlalayo isetyenziswa kumgangatho ongundoqo ingaxinwa, yabelwe, ijongwe izihlandlo eziyisigidi kwi-media. Ingxoxo yeqela emalunga noshishino lwe-aine ifikelela kwababukeli abangenakukwazi ukuthenga itikiti lenqwelo-moya negumbi lehotele. Indibano iba yi-injini yolwakhiwo olunamandla okuphehla amandla ombane unyaka wonke.
Iimodeli Zehybrid: Ezona Zilungileyo Kuzo Zombini Iihlabathi
Xa umhlaba wokuhamba umisa ngo-2020, iindibano azizange zinyamalale . zaphinda zazibuyisela kwi-intanethi. Anime Imbonakalo yeLite ngoJulayi 2020 zanikela ngesisa esitsha semisinga ephilayo, iiplanga ezibonisayo, kunye neeverhe, zizoba izibukeli ezingaqhelekanga ezingaphezu kwama-700,000. Ezinye iziganeko zasebenzisa iqonga njenge Dismard, Coond.town, kunye neVRCHAR ukufumisa incoko ye-sempera nencoko ezichaza amava e-pesenti.
Umphumo yinkqubo exubileyo ebonakala ngathi iqhubekeka. Amava angundoqo anika amandla anzulu, angokwentlalo anokuthi izithuba zamanani azikwazi ukuwaphinda ngokupheleleyo. Umaleko ozingisileyo unceda abalandeli behlabathi lonke, abantu abaneziphene okanye abanesifo esinganyangekiyo, kunye naye nabani na ofuna ukulinga ukubamba iqela ngaphandle kokuya kwimpelaveki epheleleyo. I-gbrid ayikokeli ulalanisa; kukukhula koko indibano inokuba kuko.
Ukwakha Iphulo Elikhuselekileyo, Elingadibaniyo
Ukusuka kwiAd-Hoc ukuya kwiSiko soKhuseleko
Iindibano zangaphambili ze-amime zazisoloko zingenayo inkqubo esesikweni yokhuseleko. Ukuba umntu wayengcungcuthekisa omnye owayekho, ukusabela kwakwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo , okanye ukubizwa komntu ukuba ahambe, okanye atyelele kwihotele. Namhlanje, ikhowudi ecacileyo yehambo isesikweni. Zichaza ngokucacileyo iziphumo zokwaphula umthetho, kunye nobukho bamaqela okhuseleko aqeqeshiweyo. Iindibano ezininzi zipapasha le migaqo-nkqubo kwi-intanethi, zibonakalisa ukuba imeko ekhuselekileyo yinxalenye engenakusetyenziswa yala mava. [[FLT: 0] Ikhowudi ye-NYC yeNTP ingumzekelo onamandla woku kucaca.
Izixhobo zamanani ziphucule ukhuseleko. Isiganeko esingaziwayo esiye saxelwa ngekhompyutha ehamba ngeenkqubo ezihambayo senza ukuba abaphulaphuli baxele iingxaki ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela. Ezinye iindibano zinika amaqhosha okuphaphazela ngamanani okanye iilayini ezithe ngqo kumaqela okhuseleko. Oku kwenza kube lula kumaxhoba ukuthetha nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
Ukumela nokufikeleleka njengexabiso
Iinkqubo zendibano ziye zazenza ngesiquphe malunga nomahluko. Iindawo zolawulo kwi-LGBTQ+ imixholo kwi-ayini, ingxubusho ngohlanga kunye nomelo lwe-fandom, kunye neekhareji ezikwindawo yokudlala ezidityanisiweyo ngoku zizinto eziqhelekileyo ngoku. Iqokobhe lilonke inyathelo lomzimba elicelwha imilinganiselo ephelelwe lixesha malunga nohlobo lomzimba, ubufana, kunye namandla. Amajelo ancamathelayo kwiibheji aye aba ngumgangatho obonakalayo kwiziganeko ezininzi.
Ukufikeleleka kuqhubeke. Abatoliki bolwimi lwezandla beendawo ezingundoqo, amagumbi anezimvo athobileyo anezibane ezicuthayo nezinenkcukacha zokufikelela kwii-apps ezihambayo ziqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zokufumana ezisemzimbeni nezinemithambo-luvo zidityaniswa. Ezi nguqu azikokukhange kukhange kujongwe bhokisi; zingumphumo wokunga-jikelezo okuqhubekayo okuvela kubalandeli abagxininisa ukuba uluntu lwabo luquke wonke umntu ofuna ukuba yinxalenye yayo.
Abantu Abakwi - Internet: Umsila omde wendibano
Ngoku amava endibano adlulela kude lee leempelaveki ngenxa yoluntu olukwi-intanethi. Amaqela angenabukho be-Facebook, ii-Predictit, neeseva zeDismard zivumela abalandeli ukuba balungelelanise igumbi, bacwangcise iqela elidlalayo, bafake uluhlu lokupakisha, balungise ukudibana kweeveki okanye iinyanga ezingaphambili. Le mililo yamanani yenza ukuba incoko ihlale ihleli phakathi kweziganeko.
Kubantu abatsha, ezi ndawo ze-intanethi zixabiseke kakhulu. Zinika umqhubi onamava achaza indlela yokudibanisa iprop, umfoti onikela iingcebiso ngokukhanyisa, umntu oqalayo ukubuza oko amele akulindele. Isithethe esicacileyo sendibano sidluliselwa ngokunxibelelana kwamanani, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isizukulwana ngasinye esitsha sabalandeli asidli nje njengelifa leziganeko kodwa namaxabiso abantu basekuhlaleni.
Xa Ukhangela Phambili: I - AR, IVR Nekamva Lokuhlanganisana
Inyaniso Engakumbi Njengomaleko Wehlabathi
Ubunyani obuvelisweyo (AR) buqala ukuvela kwiindibano ngendlela ezincinci: iSnapchat Lens ezidibanisa iziphumo ze-ayini kwi-oyile, ikhowudi ye-QR exhobisa umxholo wamanani, kunye neendawo zemifanekiso ezisebenzisanayo ezinemvelaphi yenyani. Oku kunokwenzeka kukhulu kakhulu. Zicingele ukhomba umnxeba wakho kwikhosi kwaye ubone ubugcisa obusemthethweni bemvelaphi yabo bezobucukubhede bendibano be-flocle ecaleni kwazo. Masithi uzoba nebheji yendibano yokuvula umyalezo we-AR kwilizwi elibhalelwe ngokukhethekileyo loo mntu ukhoyo. Khawucingele ukhokelele kwinkundla ezeleyo yokutya okuxineneyo okanye ubalase iziko ezingqulanisa iimpahla zakho.
I-AR ingenza ukuba abasebenzi bafake iziphumo zemivo kwimpahla yabo ngaphandle kokwaphula iprop/flames ezithi zikhanye kwikrele, amaphiko asebenza xa imeth-angile, i-HUD ingaphezulu ebonisa ii-stags zophawu. Indawo ngokwayo iba lilaphu leseyile lokuzoba amabali amanani, ukudibanisa umzimba kunye nento ecacileyo kumava angathungwanga.
Isithuba esizinzileyo nesixhobo sokuzimela esizinzileyo
Inyaniso yenyani inika ikamva elithe kratya. Imigangatho yonke yendibano ingakhiwa kwakhona eVRXhat okanye imigangatho edityanisiweyo edityanisiweyo, apho ii-fathom zinxiba njengezixhobo ezikhatywa ngobuchule zamanani zihamba ngezixhobo zobugcisa, zingene kwiikonsathi ezihlala zihleli ziqhutywa, kwaye zikhangele iiholo zentengiso zendalo. Ezi ndibano zeVR zingaba zizikhundla ezisisigxina ezikhoyo phakathi kweziganeko zomzimba zaminyaka le, zilungiselela ukuntywiliselwa kwexabiso lomgangatho phezu kwenzululwazi.
Akukho bugcisa bunokufana ngokupheleleyo novuyo lokuphosa phezulu kwi-doujinshi okanye ukwangana okuzenzekelayo phakathi kwabahlobo abangabonananga ngonyaka. Kodwa iVR inganika into eyahlukileyo: ufikelelo kwabo bangakwaziyo ukuhamba, isithuba esizingisileyo soluntu, kunye namathuba okudala anokukwazi ukudibana kweendawo ezibonakalayo. Ikamva leendibano alikho nokuba kutheni kutheni kutheni kusithiwa zinjalo/okanye.
Ukuzinziswa nokulawulwa kwezilwanyana
Ulwandiso lwamanani lukwathwala iingenelo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza. Udweliso lwenyani lunciphisa umlinganiselo wenyawo lwekharbon yokuhamba. Iibheji zepetroli kunye nocwangciso olungenaphepha. Iimodeli zeHybrid zivumela iindibano ukuba zilinganisele ngaphandle kokuba zifune iindawo ezizinzileyo ezizininzi, ezinciphisa uxinzelelo kwizixeko ezikhoyo kunye nesakhiwo sasekuhlaleni.
Ikamva lixhomekeke kwindalo apho impelaveki epheleleyo ihlala iphezulu khona ./indawo ephezulu yonyaka yokudibana, incopho yonyaka. Kodwa unyaka ojikelezayo weziganeko zamanani, amatheko, iindawo zokusebenza kwi-intanethi, kunye neVR igcina uluntu luhleli kwaye lukhula. Le mizekelo inciphisa uxinzelelo lwayo nayiphina impelaveki, isasaza amandla kulo lonke ixesha nesithuba.
Umoya Ongaphazanyiswayo Wokuhlanganisana
Ukusuka kwimvelaphi yesixhobo sokudlala esinesandi esisongezelelweyo ukuya kumgangatho ohlalayo, owongezelelweyo, kunye nowentlalo exubileyo yanamhlanje, iindibano ze-antimime zibonise ukomelela kwazo kunye nobuchule bazo kwakhona. Ubugcisa bamanani abuzange buthambise into eyenza indibano ibe yeyodwa; yanyusa uqhagamshelwano lomntu olusoloko lusemzimbeni. Isizukulwana sangoku sabalandeli singadanisa kwi-J-Pop - mosh pit, isasaza ubuqhetseba babo kubaphula-mbali behlabathi lonke, kwaye kamva ngobo busuku bengoma ye-anosong kwindibano ebhadliweyo kunye nabahlobo abasuka kumazwekazi amathathu.
Izixhobo zitshintshile. Iingcinga azikaguquki. Iindibano zihlala zinjalo: ukubhiyozelwa kwamabali athethayo afikelela intliziyo. Lo moya, kungekhona umbutho, uya kuqhubela phambili iindibano ezimandundu nangaziphi na iinguqulelo zobugcisa ezikhoyo kwixesha elizayo.