I-Anime farndom asiyonto ingenamsebenzi. Ngaphesheya kwamazwekazi, izigidi zabantu abanomdla baguqula uthando lwabo ngemifuziselo ukuba ibe yimizobo ebonakalayo, benza enye yezona zinto zinamandla nezizixhasayo kwindalo kwimpucuko yale mihla epop. Entliziyweni yale ntshukumo zikho izenzo ezimbini ezahlukileyo kodwa ezidibeneyo: i-doujinshi, incwadi epapashwayo okanye incwadi epapashwayo enwenwayo ekwandiseni okanye ephinda izenzeka kwakhona, ubugcisa, ubugcisa obunemente obubonisa imbonakalo engundoqo kwisiqu esinye somntu. Zizonke zimela ukuthululwa kwetalente eziqhutyelelo, kwi-intanethi, kwi-intanethi, kwananomsebenzi wezobugcisa, inkcube, inkculo, inkcube, kunye neengxaki zezoqoqosho.

Ilizwe LeDoujinshi: Asingo Fan Comics Nje Kuphela

Kwabantu abaninzi abangaphandle kweJapan, igama elithi “doujinshi” likhumbuza imifanekiso yemanga encinane ethengiswa kwiiholo zendibano eziphithizelayo. Kodwa iingcambu zayo zinzulu kakhulu, kwaye umgangatho wale mihla uquka yonke into ukusuka kwincwadana yelinye YHWH parody ukuya kwimipu ye-stagas ephezulu. UDoujinshi ubonakalisa ngqo umnqweno wokuthatha inxaxheba kwibali, hayi nje ngokuyigqiba.

Imvelaphi Nenkqubo Ye-Evolution Yemisebenzi Epapashiweyo

Igama elithi “dujinshi” (6) lidibanisa abasebenzi beli nqaku elithetha“e-70” kunye“i-person” kunye“ nokupapashwa,” ngokubhekiselele kwiphephancwadi eliveliswa ngabantu abafana nobebenzi. Ngoxa bona ngokwabo beququaping eJapan isukela ekuqaleni kwe 20thquality zanding, intunja ye-doujunshi yafumana inyawo zayo kwi1970 kwaye yadubula ngexesha lonyaka wama-1950 ecaleni konyuko impucuko ye-. Amaphayona angaphambili arhweba nge-zinizi, kodwa undululo lweComecmarket (um') e-1950) enziwe ngomfolomedi onikezelweyo. Coke i-keike ikhula kwinani elikhulu lezigidi ehlabathini lonke, ukuhlanganisa iindwendwe ezintathu, u-Fogsting `[3]

Inkululeko Yokwenziwa Kwezinto

UDoujinshi akavumi ukuvuleka. Ngexesha inxenye ebalulekileyo yakha kwimisebenzi ekhoyo yobuntlola (-"FLT: 0]] ithetha ngeempawu ze-[FLT]] i-Nauru]yu! abasebenzi, abahlola ezinye iziphelo ze [[[FT]]] [[FTLT:2]]] Iintelemo zeNENTP [[FTNT]]] [indlela engaqhelekanga] [iindlela engaqhelekanga yokulinganisa i-'FLT], okanye ukuhlokoza i-'iindawo esecaleni] ye-[FOLT] [iiiindlela ekhoyo yobugcisa, i-FFMPUN] [icenFT] [ifun, ifongqhinga:[10] i-ephane-mesfony] i-aseasestiki, ing esetyenziswa ngulogoggzimswonke] [iethe: [ifonyFF][ans]

Imali Neendibano ZaseDoujinshi

Nangona ulujinshi ejongwa ngokuba ngumsetyenzana wokuzonwabisa ococekileyo, usebenza kwintengiselwano engacwangciswanga. EComiket, isangqa esidumileyo singathengisa amawaka emibhalo yencwadi entsha ngempelaveki, enamaxabiso asuka kumakhulu ambalwa ukuya kumawaka amaninzi e-yen. Iinkampani zokushicilela zinikela ngeenkonzo ezizibonelelo, ukuhambisa imiqulu edityanisiweyo edityanisiweyo ngqo kwindibano. Ngaphaya koko iKomike, iziganeko ezincinane ezifana neKomic City e-Osaka, zonke i-iquotziosertions [[FFF:] [5]] [FLT] [iinter.[5] [um.FLT] kunyaka worhwebo oluthengwayo], kwaye inani elinyukileyo leendibano leendibano zezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe, alize lithengiseli, i-Exption [FF]

Ubugcisa obungaqhelekanga: Abasebenzi Abathandekayo Abathandekayo

Apho i-doujinshi yakha khona imimandla ebalasele, ubugcisa bezixhobo zokutshiza buqabaza ithutyana elinye (ukuchaza kwento, ipeyinti yempahla, iphini elikwingqikelelo ekhoyo kuphela. Le yindlela ekhawulezileyo nefikelelekayo yokuyila izixhobo zokudlala, ukunqumla imiqobo yolwimi ngolwimi olubonwayo olufumaneka ehlabathini lonke.

Isuka kumda wemadish ukuya kulwakhiwo lwelaphu lamanani

Phambi kokuba ibhanti lingene, abazobi abarhwebi bezorhwebo ngezandla bathengisa imiboniso edibeneyo edityaniswe ngee-aup, imifanekiso yepensile enemibala emibalabala kwisixhobo sokutsala, kwaye ipeyintwe ngobuchule. Ukufika kwe-software yobugcisa bamanani kwayiguqula indawo. Amaqela angaphambili abaxhasi kwi I-Divictt[[[] [[FLT]]] [iiiplatifomu] [iiifomu] [iindlela encinci yokufaka i-meyini yomthi] [[FLT]]], kunye neqonga elifukusetyenziswayo, kwaye iyakwazi ukuvelisa ubuchule obuninzi.[FT]

Imithombo yezoshishino njengendawo yehlabathi

Unikezelo lobugcisa be-far luye lwathatha utshintsho olunzulu. I-Platform njenge [[FLT: 0] ithe chu i, I-Instagr, [[[FLT]]], [[[FLT]]] [[FULT]] [FUNT]] [[FUMTLT]] [[4]]] [Umsinga], [umatshini osebenzayo] uyakwazi ukuthumela ividiyo kwi-Tiktok Totop kwaye ufumana amawaka ababukeli. [umphane wobuphini obuninzi obukhoyo obukhoyo obungancedayo.] Ubuchule obuninzi obukhoyo obungasetyenziswayo obukhoyo. Ubuchule obunganceda ukusetyenziswa kumntu omntu wonke. [FT.FT.] [10]

Ubugcisa Bangaphakathi Njengebhodi Engoochwepheshe

Iceba elixhaphakileyo le-fargle i- starfolio diffice. Iingcali ezininzi zoshishino zafumana isiqalo ngokusebenzisana ngemifanekiso yesixhobo sokubonisa i-internet. Loish (ULois van Baarle), ipeyinti yemicu yamanani eyaziwa nge-stants, yakha icebo elikhulu elihambayo kwiprojekthi phambi kokuba ibe yigcisa yemifanekiso ekhululekileyo kwimidlalo emikhulu nezixhobo zokulinganisa. Ngokunjalo, ama-japani amaninzi agulayo afumana icebo lento ebonakalayo okanye iinkampani zemidlalo ezihambayo emva kokuba zikhangiwe kwi Pixiv. Umqobo phakathi kweqolamss nonow sportir is: umzobisongi uyakwazi ukuvelisa urhwebo oluphezulu, ukunikezela kwindlela epheleleyo, okanye ukwenziwa ngobuchule obushwayo.

Apho iDoujinshi neFan ubugcisa budibra kwaye buyenyuka

Ngoxa zombini ezi ntlobo ziphuma kwingcambu enye yokhuthalo, iinjongo, iifom nemeko zezoqoqosho ziyahluka.

  • [[FLT: 0] I-Narrative Meeting: Ithetha ngokuzenzekelayo uDoujinshi incoko ngokuzenzekelayo." Nokuba ngaba yi 20page comia okanye 200 pagecholla (oko kungoko ubugcisa beforithi buthatha ingcamango enye yombono. I-doujinshi ingaqulatha uninzi lwemifanekiso, kodwa isebenza kunye ukuqhuba isicwangciso.
  • [[FLT: 0] Indlela yokwahlula: IDoujinshi ithengiselwa ingeniso kwiindibano nakwiindawo zokugcina zamanani, namaxabiso acwangciswe yisangqa. Ubugcisa beFan, ngokwahlukileyo, buqheleke kakhulu ukuba bukhululeke. Ngokuqhelekileyo bufumaneka ngandlela- nye kwiikhomishini, izikhokhelo zePatroon, okanye ushicilelo i-“hon [“amabanga angaphambili ”] afana ne Redbubble", nakwabanye abahamba ngocoselelo oluphezulu kwilungelo lombhali.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-commonity Credity: EJapan, isangqa esithenjiweyo kakhulu se-doujinshi singafumana udumo olulingana nomsebenzi omncinci wokuzibhokoxa. Udumo lobugcisa lusoloko lulinganiswa ngokwemiba elandelelwayo nanjengoko, nangona zombini zinokukhokelela kuqhakamshelwano lwamashishini.
  • I-Legitagi: I-Doujinshi isoloko iqokelelwa, igcinwe, kwaye ibekwe kwicatalog(imisebenzi enqabileyo yokuqala ilawula amaxabiso aphezulu aphezulu angaqhelekanga. Ubugcisa bentengo busasazeka ngokweentsholongwane kodwa bungaswela ugcino-lwazi olufanayo, nangona amanani enqanawa e-croffolios kwi-ArtStiff kunye ne-Pixiv esetyenziswa njengeengxelo ezihlala zihleli.

Phezu kwayo nje le mahluko, iintambo zifiphale. Abazobi abaninzi bavelisa imiboniso enzima yokukhuthaza iincwadi zabo. Olunye ungcelele lwezobugcisa, xa luqokelelwa, luthetha ibali elingqinelanayo. Oku kudibanisa impucuko yokudala yonke, njengokuba ubuchule obugqithiselwe kwelinye ibala lemidlalo buthunyelwa kwelinye ngaphandle komtsalane.

Imvukelo Yamanani: Izixhobo, Iiplatform, nokuTyelelana Kwabagcini - mkhosi

Ukwenziwa komgangatho othe ngqo wezixhobo zobugcisa kuye kwaba sikhawuleziso esinye esikhulu sobugcisa bombini be-doujinshi kunye ne-far. Kwixesha le-analog, ukuphinda kuphinda-phinda i-doujinshi kwafuna ukufikelela kwifotocopier okanye ushicilelo lwe-256set, ngokufuthi enomlinganiselo omncinci oxhobisa umngcipheko wemali. Namhlanje:

  • [FLT] Iiplatfomu zoshicilelo ezishicilelweyo zivumela isangqa ukuba silungelelane njengeekopi ezilishumi zencwadana enemibala epheleleyo kwaye zithunyelwe ngqo kwindawo yendibano. Usasazo lwamanani luphelisa ngokoqobo entla nephela.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-Software yodibaniso: iinkqubo ezinjenge upeyinti ye-Clip Studio iza neentiyelelo zobume obuninzi bobuhlekisayo, izixhobo zolwimi lwesangqa sencoko, kunye nabalawuli abajongana nenani leeyure zemveliso.
  • Ukuhlahlela okupheleleyo: A doujinshi ngoku ingabhalwa eTokyo, iboniswe eSão Paulo, ibhalwe ngoonobumba eBerlin, kwaye ithengiselwe kwisixhobo sokusebenza eMelbourne/edityaniswe ngeDorhord kunye namafu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ifaka ibhanile: Ifomati njenge Keckstator kunye umsebenzi webhaso- busobozi [ abadali bengxolo yemali yenani lencwadi yezobugcisa yeposi, inamel pin, okanye kwane tripvom translate form manga. Fans ziba yimitchers, ifaka imali ngqo kwimveliso abafuna ukuyibona.

Kwabubugcisa obunye obunceda indalo ikwazi ukufumanisa into efunyenweyo. Iingcebiso zemithetho-mthetho kwi-Twitter kunye ne-Pixiv ziveza amagcisa amatsha imihla ngemihla, ngeli xesha kunikezelwe amasudreddit kunye namaqela eFacebook kuqulunqwa indawo ekuyo. Isiphumo ngumjikelo olungileyo: abadali abaninzi abangena esibhakabhakeni, izixhobo ezingaphezulu zokuxhasa, kwaye abaphulaphuli behlabathi ngokuqhubekayo banwebelela phambili.

Impembelelo yeNkcubeko: Ukuba ngumntu, uluntu,

Ubugcisa be-Doujinshi kunye nezixhobo zokufunxa i-flugi ayiyonto nje imveliso; zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Ngaphakathi kweeholo zendibano, amaqhina angaziwayo kwizinto ezinqabileyo, iincwadi zorhwebo, kwaye abafundi bafumana imimoya echwethezayo edibanisa inqanawa efihlakeleyo. Ezi ntshukumo zivelisa ubuhlobo obuhlala buhleli kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, umanyano lwexesha elide. umboniso we-"oujojin [ ngokukhethekileyo ifaka u-dozign joit show ethis ezithizakhethayo kwamanye amasiminye amazwe: abazobi be-Doujin baye bafumana kwiqela lemidlalo yemidlalo edlayo, iifilimu ezincinane, kwaye babhala iincwadi zemifanekiso encinane.

Kumgangatho womntu ngamnye, ukwenza ubugcisa kwindalo eqhelekileyo kunika indawo ekhuselekileyo yokuhlola ulwazi. Umzobi oselula angabonisa uphawu loluhlu lobunyani kulwalamano olufanayo lobufanayo, ukudibanisa amava abo ngobuchule kwingxelo. Izixhobo ezisuka kwisithethe esikwindawo ephantsi zinokuphinda zifake iimpahla zephupha ukuze zibonise ilifa lazo. Ezi zenzo zokuchaza kwakhona zinegalelo kwincoko yamasiko ebanzi ethetha ngomfanekiso, ukunyanzela kwanemveliso ezisemthethweni ukuba zibonakale ziphelele ngexesha.

Ngaphezu koko, umzimba wesiphawuli usebenza njengovimba ophilayo wolwamkelo lweparanti. Abaphengululi bexesha elizayo bangafunda iminyaka elishumi ye [[FLT: 0] i-Attack eTitan doujinshi ukukhangela indlela abaxhasi abalwa ngayo nohambo lwezokuziphatha oluguqukayo, njengoko abaphengululi ngoku behlola u 1990 Sailor Moon izikho zokuthatha amasuntswana kwi-intername. Kwiqonga elibonisa imigudu yokuzigcina, [[FLT:] i-oGOW [FLT]] ichaza umsebenzi wobubulungisa wokusebenzisa iimpikiswano ezikhusela iprojekthi.

Iingingqi ezingwevu ezisemthethweni kunye namaQhinga aQuquzelelayo

Imo esemthethweni yesixhobo sokusebenza se-far ixhomekeke kumphetho wemela. EJapan, umthetho wobumshicileli wobuxhakaxhaka wobuxhaka bobuchule wokwalela ukuveliswa okungekho mthethweni kwabenzi beempawu kunye neelayini zembali, kodwa kuxhaphakile ukunyamezelana okude okungekho mthethweni. Amalungelo aphezulu afana shueisha[[FLT] [FLT]] kunye [FLT]] [2] Kodansha [[FLT:] [[FLT]] [[FLT] [FLT]] [irN] [[FLT] [iiirn] inqanqathelela ngokufihlakeleyo i-doujshin, iyakunganqanda izenze izithuba ezifihlakeleyo, imele ikwenze umsebenzi wobukhesa.

EUnited States nase Yurophu, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwemfundiso kunikela ukhuseleko oluthile, kodwa kungumzekelo ocacileyo kwaye hayi ozikhuselayo. Ukuthengisa izinto ezingadibaniyo okanye ukuzuza kakhulu kwimpahla yomnye umntu kuseyingxaki. Ubugcisa bentengiselwano bufakwe kwi Redbuble okanye iEtsy busoloko bujongene ne DMCA ngokulula xa abalawuli bamalungelo egqibele ukunyanzela ukuba banyanzelise iingcambu zabo. Abazobi abakrelekrelekrele bazifundisa ngokwabo kwiprojekthis-__ngoko umzekelo, ngokuphepha ukusetyenziswa kwelogobe, ukuvelisa ukuguqulela, nokuqhuba intengiso ezidibeneyo ngezayiseko zemvume ezisemthethweni. Ukuqala kwenjongo yokuqonda lemidabiso ingubo DDFF:[FG]

Ukunyamezela Ucelomngeni Lwentengiso Enganyibilikiyo

Njengoko imiqobo yokungena iphela, umthamo omkhulu wento equlethweyo uba yintsikelelo nomthwalo. Izigidi zezixhobo zobugcisa zorhwebo ziphuphuma ngemiboniso yembutho yonxibelelwano yonke imihla, kwaye amakhulu amatsha ama-doujinshi akhululwa onke amaComiket. Ukuma ngaphandle kufuna kungekuphela ubuchule bobugcisa kodwa kwanorhwebo. Abazobi bee-Emerging basoloko bekhankanya le miqobo ilandelayo:

  • [[FLT: 0] Impumelelo kwiqonga elifana neTwitter okanye iInstagram isoloko ixhomekeke kwixesha, ubuchule, kunye neempepho zesixokelelwano sokuncoma. Umboniso onikezelwe ngocoselelo ungafumana imbonakalo encinane ukuba ubekwe ngexesha eliphantsi leyure okanye ngaphandle kokuthatha iingcangca.
  • [[UMKWENZI] Ukushicilela, iindleko zetafile kwiindibano, uhambo, kunye nezixhobo zamanani konke kubiza imali. Abadali abaninzi basebenza belahlekelwa yimali iminyaka emininzi phambi kokuba bophuke, bethembele kwimisebenzi yemini ukuxhasa inkanuko yabo.
  • Ubugcisa Bokuguqula nokuguqula: Ngaphandle kophawu lwamanzi afanelekileyo okanye i-internant, ubugcisa be-far busoloko bulahlwa kwaye bukhutshwa kwakhona kwiifama ezizeleyo ngaphandle kwetyala. Abazobi balahlekelwa ngamandla okulawula umsebenzi wabo kwaye, ngokuqatha, amandla okuguqula ababukeli babe ngabaphathi-mgunya okanye abathengi.
  • I-Burnout: Uxinzelelo lokuvelisa ngokuqhubekayo/ukukhupha idoujinshi entsha kwindibano nganye, ukuposa imizobo epholishiweyo ngeveki, ikhokelele ekudibeni. Umgca phakathi komsebenzi wokuzonwabisa nembopheleleko ufiphaza.

Ukusebenzisa ezi ngxaki, abadali abaninzi benza ii-'m'm'mnatha zenkxaso, badibanisa ubuncwane ngeqela leqela leqonga, kwaye basebenzisa amaqonga afana . Ipatreon kunye ne[FLT]Korazifi ukwakha izimiso, i-gray translate perto /irfs direans ezixhomekeke kwimijelo encinci nengekho intanethi, ukuncedisa kwiziganeko apho uqhagamshelwano lobuqu lukhulu khona umthamo wentengiso.

Isiphelo

Umboniso wefonts ongaveli kwizinto ezithandwayo . Zii-injini zokuhlaziya inkcubeko, zingqina ukuba i-fendom inokuba njengemisebenzi ekhuthazayo. I-mignogne epapashwayo ingaqalisa umsebenzi wenkcubeko yemanga oyingcali; ifringi iyakwazi ukuchaza indlela izigidi ezithelekelela ngayo iimpawu ezithandekayo. Ubugcisa buyaqhubeka bucombulula imiqobo kunye nezoqoqosho, ngoxa abantu abakhelwe kulo matshini benikela inkxaso, intsebenziswano, kunye noluvo olunzulu lokuba ngamalungu. Kuzo zonke iinkcitho neengcinezelo zemarikente, ukuthululwa kwe-am ezihlala zikho zihlala zisenza ingqinelane yamandla ahlala ehleliyo kunye nabantu abangafuniyo ukuzibona nje. Njengoko kukudala kukho iimpawu nezizwe ezifana nezindlu ze-epensela, nokushicilela, kwaye azizeki ukuyeka.