Kuzo zonke iinkulungwane zokuncokola, mambalwa amanani athe abangela umdla njengomntu ochasene ne-hero", ozichasayo iingcaciso zethu ezithandwayo zokulunga ngeli xesha esafuna ukuba novelwano. Aba basebenzi bahlala kumgangatho ophezulu wokuziphatha, abaze bathabathe ngokupheleleyo ukucaca kobuqhawe okanye ubumnyama bobugqwirha obucacileyo. Zonke izenzo zabo ziphakamisa imibuzo engathandekiyo malunga nokulungileyo nokubi, ezinyanzelela ukuba abaphulaphuli-ndlebe bajonge emngciphekweni phakathi kwalowo sizenza ngathi singuye kwaye singoobani ngokwenene. Kusukela kwiintsomi zamandulo ukuphakamisa i-TV, abachaphazeli ngenxa yokuba ibone isazela isazela isazela soluntu ngokwaso, ukungasivumeli ukuba sizinze sifunyanise ihlabathi elinomdaka, inkcuku, intsingiselo yenkcube, kunye neengxaki yesimilo esinabayo, esiziphikisayo ngoko sithetha ngalo magama amaninzi.

Imvelaphi Yembali YeAnti-Hero

Kude phambi kokuba uWalter White atshintshise igumbi lokufundela ilebhu, impucuko yalwa nabaphikisi bokuziphatha abachasayo i-absolutism. Kwiintloko-mbali ze Homeric, uAchilless ekwintente yakhe lo gama amaqabane akhe esifa, eqhutywa likratshi elingxwelerhekileyo kunokuba anikele ngelibalulekileyo. Intlekele yamaGrike yasinika iMeda, ibhinqa elibulala abantwana balo ukuze liphindeze liphindeze, kodwa elinobuhlungu obugqithiseleyo kangangokuba abaphulaphuli-ndlebe bakrazulwa phakathi kwesoso nemfesane. La manani athetha ngengcamango yanamhlanje echasene nehero, kodwa aseka isikhokelo: isimilo esiphakathi esithi igxeke ibutho labantu, kodwa esinengqiqo yalo singenakulula ukusilela.

Eli gama ngokwalo lazuza imali kamva. Abagxeki badla ngokukhomba kwiinoveli zokuziphatha ezisetyenziswayo zenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithandathu neyeshumi elinesixhenxe neleshumi elinesixhenxe ``imisebenzi efana “Lazarillo de Tormes'"''. Elithi labeka ii-ragues kunye nezilahli phakathi kwengxelo. Aba babeziimpawu ezisindileyo ngobuqhophololo kunobukhali, imigaqo yabo yokuziphatha eyaye yatshintshwa ngokupheleleyo. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, i-anti-hero yabe ikho kwimisebenzi efana ne-Dostoevsky “izinto ezibhaliweyo ezisuka phantsi komhlaba,” apho igosasazi esingachazwanga ngegama laso somntu wazenzangaxekanga kwaye engazithandiyo yacekanga ukuba afumane icebo lomfundi lokuzichaza. Isiseko senkulungwane yenkulungwane yayizakubalwa ukuba ivuselele imbono ye-prograckistky.

Imfazwe yehlabathi yaphelisa naziphi na iingcamango ezishiyekileyo ezingokulunga kobuntu obungokwemvelo, kwaye ubugcisa basabela ngokufanelekileyo. Emva kwemfazwe ifilimu kunye noncwadi lwaqalisa ukugcwalisa ihlabathi lazo ngamadoda namabhinqa aphukileyo, alalanisayo, kwaye ekho ngokwenene. Ifilimu enomthunzi wonyaka wama-40 kunye noweminyaka yowe-1950 yayiyindawo yokutyela abantu ababenemilinganiselo egqwethekileyo yokuziphatha engekho mthethweni: abacuphi ababethabatha izinyobo, abathandi babo ababeceba ukubulala, amagorhancwa ababephila ngokuzingela kukungcola okufanayo ababesithi bayayidela.

Ukuchaza iHero echasene neNdlela yokuHlanganisa: Iimpawu

Ngelixesha abachasi behero bechasa ukubekwa lula kwemilinganiselo, abaphengululi nabahlalutyi baye bafumana iqela leempawu ezahlula lamanani kumagorha angokwesithethe kunye namagorha acacileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-anti-hero asiyoqhawe nje elinesiphene, uphawu oluthi lwenze iimpazamo kodwa olubambelele kwikhampasi yokuziphatha. Endaweni yoko, i-anti-hero isebenza kwindawo apho ikhampasi ngokwayo ikrokra, apho inaliti ijikeleza ngaphandle kokuhlala kwikhondo elisisigxina.

Umphakathi uthanda ukuzingca ngokunzulu. Naxa i-antihero yenza isenzo esinceda abanye, intshukumisa isoloko idibene nokuzingca, ukusinda, okanye ingqiqo yokusesikweni yabucala abantu abangayi kuyivumela. Basenokufuna ukukhusela othandekayo, kodwa baza kutshisa ihlabathi ukuze bayenze. Iindlela zabo zidla ngokungqubana nezivumelwano zentlalo-ntle, ukukhohlisa, ukweba, ukubulala, kodwa abazenzi; isenzo ngasinye sidityaniswa kwingcinga yobuqu enokuvakala inengqondo ephazamisayo.

Okubaluleke ngokufanayo kukubonisa ukuchana kweentsomi ezichasene nolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokungafaniyo neqhawe lentsomi elingalawulekiyo, aba basebenzi bopha ngokweemvakalelo nangokomzimba. Baye bangaphumeleli, maxa wambi ngokumangalisayo. Banikezela kukukhotyokiswa, ukungcatsha, kunye namathuba obugwala obunzulu. Oku kwenza ibhulorho yokuzichaza; abaphulaphuli babona ubuthathaka babo obuboniswa kula manani, naxa isikali sokreqo esikhulu kakhulu. Inani labanxaphithi bento esenziwe yimiqobo. Ukungatho ekwane nomgangatho ochasene nomthetho onamandla, kunye nohlobo lwendlela zabo zokuzisulungekileyo ezijolise kwimpozo zobupolitiki, “kwesigebenga eliqhelekileyo elisithelwe kwingcambu yezo eziqhelekileyo, kunye nenani eliphithiweyo. Oko kudibanisa zonke iindlela zokungathozo ezicacileyo.

Impembelelo Yengqondo: Isizathu Sokuba Sisemzimbeni Wabantu Abadubekile

Ukuqonda ukuxhathisa kwendlela yokucinga echasene ne-hero kufuna ukuba sijike sijonge kwinzululwazi yengqondo. Uphando olukwingxelo yokuganana lubonisa ukuba sinolwalamano oluqinileyo nabasebenzi ababangela ukuba bafumane isimilo kuba umgudu wobuchule ofunekayo wokuxolelanisa izenzo zabo ezilungileyo nezimbi ukwandisa utyalo lwethu lwemvakalelo. I-Psychology Today uphando lokulwa no-hero [ luchaza ukuba bafaka amandla amacandelo obuchopho anye abandakanya izigqibo zobomi bokwenyaniso ezibandakanyekileyo, nto leyo esenza sinyanzele ukuqhelisela ulungiso lokuziphatha kwethu.

Ingcamango yesiseko sokuziphatha inika enye i-lens. Abantu abafumana iziphumo eziphezulu kumlinganiselo wenkathalo nobulungisa, kwingcamango, kufuneka baluchase ngokungqalileyo uphandle uphako oluchasene noqhaqho. Kodwa uphando lufumanise ukuba xa iimpazamo zomntu zibekwa njengempendulo kukungabikho kokusesikweni okanye ukulahlekelwa okunzulu kobuqu, imigwebo yokuziphatha yababukeli iyatshintsha. Baqala ukubona i-anti-hero njengendlela echaphazelekayo kodwa njengesebenzayo phantsi komthetho owahlukileyo, oyingozi, imigaqo yokuziphatha. Le nto yimbonakalo eyaziwa njenge [[FLT: 0] ebizwa ngokuba yi-ogagement, ibhalwe kuphando oluchasene nolwaphulo-lwazi oluchasene nomthetho. [[FLT] , apho abaphula-lwazi bemayela ngokuthe ngcembe, apho besamkela khona ulungiso lobundlo lobuqhopho okanye uphando.

Ngaphezu koko, ii-hearo ezichasene nengcwangu zifeza umsebenzi owenziweyo. Kwihlabathi elifuna imilinganiselo yokuziphatha egqibeleleyo esoloko ikho, ukubukela umntu egqitha ngokuphandle ngokunika ukukhululeka kwengqondo. Singayihlola imbonakalo yethu engabonakaliyo, sijamelene neminqweno yempindezelo, amandla, okanye inkululeko ngaphandle kwesiphumo sehlabathi. I-anti-hero iba yinqanawe yenxalenye yethu singaze side sivume, kwaye loo buhlobo bufihlakeleyo butyhefe. Asiyongozi yokuba ii-hero ezininzi ziba yimifanekiso yesithethe: bathetha ngokuvakalayo kuphela oko sithethayo kwiingcinga zethu zabucala.

Iinkozo ze-iconic ezichasene ne-Hero nempembelelo yazo ngaphaya kwedabi

Ixesha Elibalulekileyo Lokuziphatha Kukamabonwakude

Akukho sixhobo sithe samkela i-antihero ngobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe 21-century kamabonwakude. “Ukugada uBad” kuhlala kuyinto yokuhlola yetyala. Walter White uqala njengomntu onovelwano ```umfundisi-ophakathi obekwe ibhedi ngovavanyo lomhlaza wesiphelo kunye nentsapho angakwazi ukuyixhasa. Kodwa utshintsho lwakhe alukokuphulwa lula lubabalo olulula, kukungahoywa ngobuxoki obuthi wakha walunganga. Njengomnyelisi u-NUsbaum ophawulwe kwi-' uNew Yorkevairevevery , uVhitel, usenza ukuba sifumane ingxingo ye-acio, kangangokuba udedededede ajonge umntwana okanye ajonge idemode.

“ ISopranos” ngokulinganayo yazichaza kwakhona oko kunokwenzeka. UTony Soprano ubulala ngaphandle kokuthandabuza, uqhatha umfazi wakhe, kwaye ulawula abahlobo bakhe abasenyongweni, kodwa olu ngcelele luziqhelisela ngokunzulu kwixhala lakhe kwaye lunqwenela ukuba umgwebo uzive usondele kule ngongoma. Indalo kaDavid Chase yanyanzela ababukeli ukuba bahlale bengakwazi ukufanisa nerhamncwa, kwaye ngokwenza oko, yabeka iplani yemingqgi yemijelo echasene ne-hero elandelela “iMed" ukusuka ku-Melika."

I-Anti-Heroes kunye nobomi bezengaphakathi

Uncwadi lukudala luyilebhu yokuhlola ukwakhiwa kwangaphakathi kwendlela edidayo. I-Rastoevsky’s Raspolnikov kwi- “Crime kunye neSipho” ibulala intanda-bulumko, iqinisekile ukuba abantu abakhethekileyo bangaphaya kwesithethe sokuziphatha. Ukuwohloka kwengqondo okulandelayo, nokokuba, kululaza ingcamango yakhe, isenza sihlolwe ngokutshabalalisayo umsantsa phakathi kwenkcubeko wenkcenkcaso kunye nesazela somntu. Ngokufanayo, uPatricia Highsming’s Tom Ripley umnandi, ukhutha, kwaye akaluleki ngokupheleleyo kwisimilo.

Imithetho Yokuziphatha Engenakulibaleka Yefilimu

Ukusuka ku-Travis Bickle kwi- “Taxi Driver,” indoda enobulolo oluluvo olululo logonyamelo lwe-melalimania, ukuya kuJoker kwiimeko zakutshanje `inani eliguqulwe ukusuka kutshaba oluneencwadi zemanoyiki libe luphawu lokungahoywa kwesocinethi.(cinema itshitshitshise umda phakathi kwegosa nerhamncwangu. Ridley Scott uRoy Batty kwi- “Blade Runner" ebulala ngokubandayo kodwa ukhulula omnye wemifanekiso ebuhlungu exhobisayo ngokufa, iqinisekisa ukuba ezona zenzo zotshabalaliso zinokudibana noluntu olunzulu.

Ingingqi Engwevu Engokokuziphatha: Ukuntsonkotha Okuntsonkothileyo Neengxaki Ezintsonkothileyo

Abachasi-intloko bafumana amandla abo kwimiba yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha abayidalayo kwingingqi engwevu. Ingxelo yeqela lodidi zisombulula kakuhle: ububi buyekwa, ucwangco lubuyiselwe. Ibali le antihero liyala ukuvala okunjalo. Iziphumo zibonakala ngaphandle ngaphandle; ukuzama ukulungisa omnye ongalunganga kudala amatyala amatsha nanzima kakhulu.

Thatha iArc yentlawulelo, isiqalo sento ethethwayo echasene nehero. Iimpawu ezifana noJaime Lannister ku “Umdlalo weThrones” osuka kwizenzo ezimanyumnyezi ```ukukhulula umntwana ngefestile''''. Kodwa ukunikela imbeko kuxinzeleleko oluthe tye. Kodwa ingxelo ayize iphinde imkhulule ngokupheleleyo; ixesha lakhe elidlulileyo lihlale lisisitya sokukhulula kwisenzo esihle. Oku kungavumi ukunikezela ngentengo ecocekileyo entweni engundoqo yokukhula ngokokuziphatha, apho utshintsho ludla ngokwanda, lungabonakali, kwaye lunqabile ukucima umonakalo owenziweyo. UAudie ashices ushiyelwa ngokwakhe ugqibela ngokwawo ukuba ngaba uphawu lutshintshile ngokwaneleyo, umgwebo osoloko utyhila ngokokuziphatha komntu oziphetheyo ngokokufififi.

Imfazwe yangaphakathi yinjini yokungalawuleki kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Oku kulwa noqhaqho yindawo yedabi elikhuphisanayo: ukulangazelela ukuthandwa kunye nokunyanzelwa ukuba ulawule, ukunxanela okusesikweni kunye nokuheha inkohlakalo, ukutsala uxanduva loxanduva kunye nokuhexa kwesiphithiphithi. Oku kuthintela ukuba iimpawu zingabi yintelekelelo elula kwaye endaweni yoko zizenze zibe yisifundo semeko kwintsebenziswano yabantu. Ubunzima obubangelwa kukusebenza kwethu okuphezulu, bukhuthaza ukuboniswa kwemibuzo efana: Ingaba isiphumo esihle sibubulumko obunokuthethelela iindlela ezingaqhelekanga? Uthando lunokubakho ngaphandle kokuziphatha okubi? Lungaqala phi uluvo nolwahlutho?

Ukutshintsha Kwezithethe Nokunyuka KweAnti-Hero Kwinkulungwane yama - 21

Ukwanda kweentshabalaliso ezichasene nemimoya akuzange kwenzeke kwi-athom; kwakhuthazwa ukuba kubekho ngokutshintsha-tshintsha kwenkcubeko. Urhanela kwangoku ngamaziko kunye namadoda anegunya kwaluphelisa ukholo lwawo kwisithethe samagorha. Isizukulwana esikhuliswe kumahlazo ````Asebupoliseni''', eshishinini, eshishinini'', nqulo , kwabangela ukuba kube nzima ukukholelwa kubasindisi abangenabala. I-hero yaba yimbonakalo exeliweyo yale ngxaki, umgangatho ongaphumelelanga phezu kwako nje ukukhohlakazeka kodwa ngenxa yokunganyaniseki okubona nyanisekunye ne-oglorl.

Ukuzala nokuphakamisa amaqonga kamabonwakude kwandisa ngakumbi intsingiselo. Ekhululekileyo kwizithintelo zenethwekhi yohlalutyo kunye neenkqubo ze-episodic, ababhali banokuyila izifundo zobuntu ezinde ezilandelela ukonakala kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuchanekileyo. Le nkqubo idityanisiweyo yanika abaphulaphuli ixesha lokudibanisa nabaqhubi bolwandle ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amacala abo amnyama, ukwenza ukungcatshwa kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kubonakale njengenxeba lobuqu. Olu ngeniso lunzulu luguqulele kwimiboniso efana nothi “Kungcono Ukubiza uSawule” kwimilingo yenkcubeko, amagqwetha abo abanokuziphatha kunye nabaxhasi beenqwelo-mafutha abaqheleneenqanawa abahlala beqheleneyo njengeentsapho.

Kukwakho nomlinganiselo wesizukulwana. Abaphulaphuli abaselula, abajongene nokungazinzi kwezoqoqosho kunye neengxaki zomhlaba wonke, badla ngokusabela kumalungu alwa nomgangatho ococekileyo wobuqhawe ngenxa yento elula neyokuzigcina. Abalwi nemithetho yokuzikhusela ukuze baphile kwinkqubo exhotyisiweyo babonakalisa amaxhala obomi okwenene malunga nokusesikweni kunye namathuba, okwenza ukunxaxha kwabo kubonakale ngathi yimvukelo efana nenkohlakalo.

Ukugxekwa Nokusikelwa Umda: Ingozi Yokugqalis ’ Ukuziphatha Okubi

Ngezininzi zazo, iingcwabo ezichasene nolwaphulo-mthetho zizisa nazo iqela leengozi ezingokwendlela yokuziphatha abagxeki abakhange baziphawule. Enye inkxalabo eqhubekayo yeyokuba ukusetyenziswa ngaphezulu kwaba basebenzi kungenza qheleke, kwanokuziphatha okuzizo, okuyingozi. Xa inani elinjengoWalter White libhiyozelwa njengomfanekiso wesithethe, umgca phakathi kokuzibophelela nokuncoma okugxekayo ungafiphaza, ingakumbi kubaphulaphuli abancinane okanye abaninzi abachaphazelekayo. Ubuchule obuthintithayo bemidathatho esezantsi, umgangatho othekayo wemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, i-oyile-oglosol-ne yehlabathi, kwaye isebenza njengesiseko sokuqeqesha imodeli ebonakalisa ukuziphatha okubi.

Kukwakho ingxaki yokungalingani komelo. Udidi lwehero olukwimo ebanzi luhlala lungamandla, kwaye abasebenzi abangamabhinqa ababonisa ukungaqondakali okufanayo ngokokuziphatha, njengoCerei Lannister okanye Villanelle, basoloko bebekwa njengendlela engaqhelekanga kunokuba ibe nzima, bengenalo ulwazelelelo olufanayo olunika amadoda afana nawo. Oku kutyhila ukulindela okungakhawuleziyo okungokwesithethe malunga neentlobano zesini kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kusikhumbuza ukuba isibheno esichasene ne-hero asisasazwanga.

Ekugqibeleni, abahlalutyi bathi ukutya okuqhubekayo kweengxelo ezingokwasemgangathweni kunokuqiqa. Ukuba onke amaqhawe alalaniswa, ingcamango yokulunga iyakrokra, kwaye abaphulaphuli basenokuzimela kwintsomi egatya nayiphi na imigudu yokuphila ngokwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha njengohanahaniso. Ucelomngeni lwababali bebali kukusebenzisa i-antihero hayi njengesiphelo kodwa njengesixhobo sokubuza ngokuziphatha okunyanisekileyo.

Oko Kutyhilwa Ziintloko Ezichasene Neenqwelo - moya Ngathi

Zininzi iimpendulo ezilula, i-hearo isimema ukuba sihlale singonwabanga size sihlolisise ukwakhiwa kwesazela sethu. Aba basebenzi basikhumbuza ukuba ukuziphatha asinto ehlala ihleli kodwa lungxulukwano oluqhubekayo, oluthi luzikhethelwe phantsi kwengcinezelo, ngokufuthi lunenkcazelo engaphelelanga nokhuphiswano. Zivela ngamaxesha okuchachacha, xa iimeko ezindala ziwohloka kwaye abantu bashiyeka bedibanisa imigaqo yabo yentsingiselo.

Ezona zilwayo nobuchule azinakuzenza ngathi zinika imaphu esebenzayo; endaweni yoko, zikhanyisa imephu yokuhlala. Ngokubona ukungaphumeleli kwazo, ulungiso lwazo, kunye nexesha lazo elinqabileyo lobubele, siyafunda ngakumbi ngolwimi oluntsonkothileyo lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Sifunda ukuba eyona mlweli-mfazwe yemfazwe eqaqambileyo igcina isithunzi, kwaye umenzi wezolothe angabamba ibala elisezantsi. Ulwazi aluyomvume yokusilela ulwelo olufanelekileyo kodwa asiyomnxeba yokusondela kumgwebo ngokuthobeka, kwaye siqaphele ukuba umgca ophakathi kweqhawe nowenziwe yingcwangu uhamba ngokuthe ngqo ngentliziyo yomntu. Ukufunda okungakumbi ngempembelelo yempucuko ye-anti-heroes, qwalasela i-BBCC i-FRC ebambe i-activess [FFFFOLD [1], okanye i-PTYMTY] i-PGenetic syt.[3] kunye neNCOM.[3]