Imvelaphi Yoopopayi BaseJapan

Uhambo lwe-amile njengesixhobo sorhwebo kunye nobugcisa lwaqalisa kakuhle phambi kwexesha likamabonwakude. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, abenzi bemifanekiso eshukumayo bamaJapan bazama iifilimu ezimfutshane eziphilileyo, bephenjelelwa kakhulu ngoovulindlela baseNtshona naseYurophu njengo Émile Cohl neWalt Disney. Owona mzekelo mdala okhoyo ukwixesha lokuya ku1917, isiqu seminunute sibini esibekwe kwi-intloko Namura Gatana (Udull Sword) [iiiicebo]. Le misebenzi ethe cloney-eye yaveliswa ngemitya yemitya yezihlangu, ngokufuthi ikhokelwa ngumzo omnye. Junichique Kuquechi, Seitarke, kunye no-Pinma i-Chometawa ivel encokenwa iveds.

Imfazwe yehlabathi II yatshintsha ulinganiso okwexeshana kwimposiso, kodwa umsebenzi wasemva kwemfazwe wadala isiqalo soqhushumbisi. Kwakungonyaka wokwakhiwa kwakhona apho umzobi wemanga uOsamu Tezuka aqala ukupapasha izihombo zakhe zebali ze-driven. Teuka savend Disney kwaye wayelangazelela ukwenza ulinganiso, kodwa uqoqosho lwaseJapan oludibene zenza iimpawu ezipheleleyo zobude benqanawa. Ngo1961, wasungula iMushi Productionion, kwaye ngonyaka olandelayo, iqokobhe eyanikezelwa iAstro Boy kuFuji Televian. Yayiyindawo yokuqala yeveki yama-30 enziwe ngemin, kunye nophuhliso lwalo lwalo lwemveliso lwalo lwezoqoqosho oluyenziwe malunga nobuchule obulinganiselwe, kunye nobuchule bokudlala i-filmatography-ums-ney-ney.

Ukuba Nguvulindlela Nexesha Likamabonwakude

Inkqubo yoopopayi betoyei kunye neFektri

Phambi ko Mushi Production, uToei Oopopayi (ngoko uToei Dōga) wayesele eseke ingqungquthela yokuqala yenyani yelizwe. Ngo 1958, uToei wakhulula uHakujan [Ikhathe lomfanekiso weNyoka Emhlophe], ifilimu yokuqala yemibala ebanzi ye-Iaya Miyazaki ne-Isaka, eyathi kamva yakha i-Diskistudia. UToiei i-Filim yaqala ukuqalwa umthendeleko wezizwe ngezizwe zamazwe ngamazwe zaze ziqeqeshe izizukulwana ezibini ezithuleyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Haya Nyazaki kunye ne-Itaonataita, ezathi kamva zayila inkqubo yokuyila i-Studia.

Njengokuba umabonwakude waqhushumbayo kwiminyaka yee-1970, uToei wajikela kuthotho lwezenzo lweveki ngeveki. Yavelisa uMazinger Z (1972], eyadibanisa irobhothi enkulu eqhutywe ngenqwelo-moya i-genre, kwaye kamva yatshintsha i Shōnen Jup ibetha njenge [ RAMB, [[FLT]]] SAILTY, [[FLT], [[FLTLT]] Ilungu leTYUMPALA] [[FLT:]] [FLT] . Imodelivel' yeshishini elideleyo, uphinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda usebenze kusetyenziswa uthondo lwe-mali. Umatshini oluthelela ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule.

Ukuveliswa KweTatsunoko Nobuchule Bombala

Yasekwa ngo-1967 ngumzobi wemanga uTatsuo Yoshida, Tatsunoko Imveliso yakhawuleza yaziwa ngemibala yayo eqaqambileyo enemibala kunye nemisebenzi enzima. Kwangoko izalathiso ze-Melika kunye Isantya somdla (1967) kunye [FLT] ne[FLT] Science Ninja [Iqela leqela le-Gataman[FLT:]] [3] [1972] [72] ukwazisa amaMelika kunye nabaphulaphuli-mthetho base-Europe kwizenzo zodweliso zolwando zobuphindo. UTatsuko's Filosofilo-oksi enezintswotshi, iflaye-ishdiawe-ish-ishrocha kumfo yoothothothozo olubanzi lwamashumi amathathu alandelayo.

IXesha Legolide: IMecha, Ubunyani, neOVA

Ekupheleni konyaka ka-1970 kunyaka wama-1980 kwabonakala ukwanda okungathethekiyo kwemeko ye-amime. Inzululwazi, ukusetyenziswa kwentanda-bulumko, kunye neengxelo zolwazi oludala zasusa iingxelo ezilula zobusela zamashumi eminyaka angaphambili. Eli “xesha legolide” lakhuthazwa yimpumelelo yezoqoqosho yaseJapan, impucuko ye-anter, kunye nesixhobo sokusasaza esitsha: ulinganiso lwevidiyo (OVA).

Impahla ye-Muntam ehambayo nokuzalwa kwezibane zendlela Zokwenene

Xa uYoshiyuki Tomino noSun rise (ngoko iNipton Sun ) yakhupha umoya [[FLT: 0] I-Astereni ye-Mundam ngo1979, ungcelele lokuqala lwaba luphawulo oludanisayo kwaye lwajongwa kudala urhoxiso. Noko ke, iphulo lonyakazo olushushu lokushicilela ifilimu, igalelo lomfanekiso weplastiki kaBandai, kunye nokundululwa kwemodeli yeplastiki yeplastiki yayiguqula yaba yifranchise. uGundam waphulwa kwisithethe semilo yomatshini emikhulu engahlulekiyo, ephatha oomatshini njengezixhobo zemfazwe ezikhutshwayo zemfazwe ezikhutshiweyo. Le robot “yyyyy enyanileyo" ingenisa idrame-eain-miccode, etshintshayo, engqindileyo ide ide isangqa esikhulu, isangqa sesazi sesazi sento esenzeko, sithetha ngeshumi elilandelayo.

Ilanga liphinda-phindene kwindlela enothotho olufana Trooper Votoms kunye Space Suwaboy Ideon. Iqela lesakhiwo lakha igama elidume ngobuchule boyilo lwe Khino Ocawara kunye neHajime Katoki. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, Sunrise waba yi-mmechacha, yandisa i-'Andramlines's'actives'ss joggs'e `[[FLT] ive' ibetha njenge [FLT]

Igatex Nemvukelo YaseOtaku

Igailax yasekwa ngo1948 liqela labaxhasi benzululwazi yentsomi yaseyunivesithi, kuquka uHideaki Anno, uYoshiyuyuki Sadamoto, kunye noTami Akai. Iprojekthi yabo yedesi, iOVA i-Daicon IV[ ulinganiso lokuvula, yayiyimveliso ekhutshwayo ekhutshwa ngumhlathi eyayibonisa iphulo lobugcisa kakuhle ngaphezu koko kwakulindeleke ukuba kuvezwe. Ifilimu yabo yokuqala yezorhwebo, ka Honemisse [1987]], yayiyidrama ethandwayo ethandwayo ekwayilwayo eyayiphantse ukutshonisa abafundi kodwa ifumane igoso ingumzisombululo osisigxina.

Noko ke, owona msebenzi utshintshayo ka Gaiagax wafika ngowe-1995 [FLT: 0] ne-Neon Genesis Evangelion. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-mecha geran distristic geranthes ka-mecha geranthes, ukudimazeka kwengqondo, kunye nokudimazeka kobuqu. Oku kuboniswa kweziganeko zokugqibela, ezigqitywe ngoqingqo lwezihlangu, zaba yimpikiswano njengokuba zaziyiyo. Impumelelo yentengiso ka-Evangelion yangqina ukuba ngasekupheleni kobusuku i-aim (eme kulutsha kunabantwana) inokuba luncedo kakhulu. Kwaye kwaqalisa kwakhona imodeli entsha ye-amajelo-Fodiod i-Imma, iifilimu ezimbini eziye zaphinda zidityaniswe, i-main-eain, kwaye ziqhubeka nolawulo loburhulumente lwamatshisi.

IMadhouse Nefilimu Yobugcisa Esemhlabeni Wonke

Yasekwa ngo1971 yi-Mushi Production aimators (kuquka i-Osamu Dezaki kunye noMasao Maruyama), uMadhouse wazihlula ngomphathi-driven, i-movie iyasebenza. Le stadio yatshintsha i-manga ibe yimifanekiso ebukekayo kunye ne-OV Esuthe yabhenela kwimida ye-areyibhu. [FZIL:] i-Rose ye-Verles [19979] kunye Ashita nothi Joe 2 (1980) yazisa njengemiqathango yamanzi i-sletwayo.

Madhouse wafikelela kwindumiso yehlabathi lonke nge Katsuhiro Otomo's Akira [1988], icomputer eguqulelwe ngenkcazo epeyintwe ngesandla kwintengiso yoqingqo-mali engazange ibonwe kumaJapan. Yasebenza njengefilimu yesango kuluntu lwaseNtshona, ebonisa ukuba i-acififi izakuhambisa umboniso ophindiweyo ophilayo wesithintelo. Kamva, uMagouse wavelisa iSatoshi Kon- bricates ([[[FLT:]]]] Bluebhakekileyo [FLT]], [FFFON]], [evoct:] [FUN]] [ulvence] [5]) kunye noMadommasma (ie-Foctromes]

UStudio Ghibli nobugcisa beThea starwolder

Akukho ngxubusho yemveliso yembali ye-ayini enokuthi itsibe iqoshana elinjengendlu encinci eKoganei elalungisa kwakhona ulinganiso lwehlabathi. Emva kokungaphumeleli kwezorhwebo lwefilimu yabo yokuqala, iNqaba ye Capletro [1997], i-Hayao Miyazaki ne-Iato Tahataco co osungulwe Studio Ghibli ngo 1985 ecaleni komenzi wefilimu i-Toshio Suzuki. [FLT:] i-Cample kwi Skyl[FLT:] [[FLT]] [1986], iseke imixholo engundoqo Gbli: e-opoizoo cooporac, kunye nozificingss.

UGhibli indlela yokuvelisa yayidume ngokungaqhelekanga i-artisanal. Miyazaki akazange abhale izikripti ezipheleleyo phambi kokuba kuqalwe ulinganiso; wathatha ulandelelwano olulandelelanayo njengoko ifilimu iguquka, maxa wambi etshintsha zonke iilayini ze-galal phakathi. Le ndlela yayibiza kakhulu kwaye i-' [[FLT]] Princes Monoke [1997]) eboniswe ngaphezulu kwe-gross kwimbali yeJapane kwaye wafumana ii-cream-cel, ngeMiyazaki ezilishumi lamawaka eefreyimini ezingundoqo. Kodwa iziphumo zazizinkulu. [[FLT:][FLT][FLT] [200] [2001]

UTakahata uvavanyo olunxuseneyo lomsebenzi we-Ghibli ovezwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kuquka umdlalo wenkohlakalo ochasene nemfazwe [[FLT: 0]. I-Grave ye Firefly (1988) kunye novavanyo lwamanzi olubonakalayo [ iTale of Princes Kaguya [[FLT]]] [202013]]. I-Ghibli’s joning's kwixesha elipheleleyo, umqeshi (kunompatho kunaba bakhulu) kumashumi eminyaka angaphambili yayilucelomngeni ushishino, ingqina ukuba umsebenzi uveza ubunjani obungaveliyo. Emva kokushwa kwe-Miza, i-Miza e-NT [iKLT] kunye ne-GeneeGroevelk) ekwasele imodeli.[20]

Umhlaba Omiyo Namhlanje: Izixhobo Zamanani, Ukutshona Nokudityaniswa Kwehlabathi

Ukutshintsha Kwamanani Nokunganeliseki Kwawo

Ekuqaleni ko 2000, ii-amistes zaqalisa ukususwa kulinganiso lwe-cel lwesithethe ukuya kumatshini we-compositing. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuchola amaqhosha okutsala ngesandla kwi-software, ukusebenzisa imibala ngokwemivo, kunye neziphumo zemibala kwimaleko. I-tototo yopopayo, eyasekwa ngo-1981 njengomncedi osezantsi weCelpy, yayingumxhasi wakuqala wemibhobho yamanani. Ukwaphuka kweqosholo lweqophelo lomatshini [[FLT: 0] IMelancho yemigstiki ye-Haryuziya[FLT] [200] [200] [6] umboniso wobuchule obubonisa umatshini osebenza kunye nokusebenza kombane obekele umbhexina wemicu we TV. [FTYPRG] [V3]

I-Ufostable, i-studio encinane eTokyo, ityhalela i-mediatography yemivo yamanani ngokungaphezulu. Utshintsho lwazo lohlobo-Moon Fate/Zero (201] kunye nefilimi yesithathu se-Flogiy Ubusuku obuthe tyaba: Uluvo lwezulu [[[FLT: 3]] ludityanisiwe 2D kunye ne 3D kunye neentshukumo zekhamera ezishukumayo, kunye nobugcisa obuntsonkothile obugcina iziphumo zemifanekiso eshubileyo. Oku “kusetyenziswa kohlobo oluneganithi" kuphembele iziphumo ezingabalwangabali, unyuso olunyusela abaphula izilangazelelo ze-TV.

Noko ke, ukutshintsha kwamanani kwabangela ukuba kubekho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweenkampani ezinkulu kunye nomkhosi wabasebenzi abancinane. Iimeko zomsebenzi zaya zisiba mandundu njengoko ucwangciso olucinezelweyo nolugaxayo lwalufuna ulwaneliseko olungakumbi. Uhlaselo olumanyumnyezi loMphathi weKyoto Studio 1 lwaba yintlekele etshabalalisayo kwimizi - mveliso, ukubulala abantu abaninzi abanobuchule yaye kwabangela ukuba kuqhutywe incoko entsha ngokhuseleko lwasemsebenzini, impilo yengqondo, nokusebenza ngokuzisebenzela.

Imvukelo Egudlana Nomphumela Wayo

Ukundululwa kwe-aimaine empompoza iqonga ngezantsi kweqonga elingu-Crunechroll (2006, i-Funimation (ngoku idityanisiwe), kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-Netflix kobundlobongela kunye nengalo yokuvelisa ```````I-aimaime'''''' ngokubhekiselele ngayo imo yenze itshintshe indlela exhaswe ngayo. Iikomiti zemveliso, ezakhiwe ngokwembali ngabavakalisi bamaJapan, izitishishini zikamabonwakude, kunye nabanikazi bentengiso, baqalisa ukwamkela iinkomkhulu eziquluzelayo njengeenza imisebenzi yeko yomngcipheko enziwayo, njenge-Netflix . UDixoxman Cribbaby [iFLT] [e] [ik] (enziwe nguMasahasi, 2018), nto ibinokusetyenziswa ngu-Sccustorist trac kutheographyccorst tractic tractic.

Ngohlobo olunye, uxinzelelo lokusasaza i-algorithim lukhokelele kwintengiso egqithisileyo. Ngaphezu kwama-300 ubude be-TV ungcelele lwe-ayini luveliswa ngonyaka, uninzi lwezicwangciso zemveliso yemisonto edityanisiweyo. UStudios njengo MAPPA, osungulwe ngo 2011 ngowangaphambili umenzi weMadhouse Masao Maruyama, waba ngumfuzi wento ephindwe kabini. I-MAPPA enikwe imisebenzi ebukekayo efana [[FLT: 0] Jushin nexesha lokugqibela [FLT] ye-Antact2] kwiTi[FTP], kodwa i-pixP], kodwa i-pimplish ne-ators ethetha ngemathenwayobund. I-mediam ithenwa yi-magend projectives jour, i-mageeant.[4]

UTshaba Oluneempawu Zomhlaba Ngeminyaka: Ukuveliswa Kwemveliso

  • 1960:[ Umfana we-Astro [] [[MT]] — zenza umbhobho wemveliso ka-TV, kuquka “indlela yokuguqula iinguqu eziphinda zenziwe.
  • 1970s: Lupin yesithathu: Inxenye 1 (iTokyo Ifilimi Shinsha, ne Miyazaki/Otsuka) — idibene ubuhlekisa obukhulu nesenzo sobuncinci, nangona ireyithingi zazingalunganga kakuhle ekuqaleni.
  • (1980: [[FLT]] (I-Sudio Nue & Tatsunoko)] — ichazwa “IIsixhobo sidibanisa i-mecha” indlela; [[FLT:] dramon Ball [I-ToT]] — iguqulela isakhiwo sedabi ledabi elikhanyisiweyo eliza kulawula amashumi eminyaka e-manga iinguquko.
  • [[FLT: 0] 090: Inyanga yeSAILOR [Ubukhulu]] — yavuselela intombi yomlingo ye genre yothutho lwehlabathi lonke; [ Polémon [OLM] [OLM])] — yadala i-mediam yesixhobo sokugcina ulwazi esidibanisa imidlalo yevidiyo, imidlalo yamakhadi, kunye nosasazo kumazwekazi.
  • I-Alchemist: ubuzalwana [ [i-Bones] — ibonisa indlela isiphelo esithembekileyo sokufumana kwakhona emva kwe-aimace sasekuqaleni esinganelisa ngayo abalandeli behlabathi lonke; [[FLT:] Inqaku le-DMFLT] [ [indlu] — isivusi esimnyama esaba yindawo yokungena kwizigidi zabantu abasebenzisana.
  • [[FLT: 0] Acttack ku Titan (Usisti, kamva MAPPA) — uxinzelelo lwemveliso lwehlabathi lonke kunye nesixhobo sokukhupha i-ferdom; [[FLT:] [[FLT]]] Demon Slayer [Uluhlu lomntu] [umfanekiso wefilimu ] [[FLT]] uMjiko-M
  • 20s:[ I-Caninaw Man [[MAPPA]] — ikomiti ye-menga yesixhobo sokuxhasa ipetroli edityaniswe nesixhobo somgangatho wefilimu esingaqhelekanga egqitha izithethe zosasazo zesithethe zika-TV; [[FLT:] [4] Oshi no no Ko [Doga Kobo] — inte yeshishini lokuzonwabisa eyabangela incoko yalo-mixholo yayo yasasazeke.

Inguquko Engenamsebenzi Namazwi Amatsha

Ngelixesha imodeli ibalaselisa i-mega-francises, ishumi leminyaka elidlulileyo liye latshintsha intshukumo yoopopayi abazimeleyo. iStudio Colorido ([[FLT: 0]] A Whisker Leav), iScience SSAU (eyiyiyilwe ngu Masaki-frashi- yuasa, ngoku yenza umgangatho omtsha [[FLT:]] [[FLT]] [indlela ekhethekileyo ye-STUMEN], kunye no-Studio Bind (odaywenzelwe [[FLT]]] [FFT] [FFOLT] [4], umphatho oluqhelekileyo, lubonisa umendo oluphakathi [Foutlses] [Fog]] [[4]]

Abalathisi bolingelo abafana noNaoko Yamada ( A Lilizwi Elithuleyo, Liz kunye neBlue Bird ) babonise ukuba ukuthintelwa, ngokusesikweni ukwenza ifilimu kungenziwa nakwenkqubo ephezulu-onke. I-Yamada isebenza eKyoto Oopopayi, isenza intlupheke kwimic nesithuba esiphathekayo, yandisa amagama akhoyo aphathekayo kubaphathi befilimu [[FLT:]] Imibala Ephakathi [[FLT]:5], yaveliswa kwiSTAR, ngokubhekele umsantsa phakathi kwe-omatilo yezorhwebo.

I-Enjini yezezoqoqosho: IiKomiti zemveliso kunye neMedia-edia

Ukuqonda imbali yemveliso ye-aimaye kufuna ukuvuma inkqubo ye-seisaku iinkai” (ikomiti yokwenziwa kweprojekthi). Ukususela ngowe-1990, i-ayini eninzi iye yaxhaswa ngemali ngabavakalisi, izitishi zika-TV, iirekhoda, abayili-rekhodi, abasebenzi beetoni, kunye neenkonzo zokuthontela. Iqabane ngalinye lifak'uk ’ isandla kwikomkhulu ukutshintshisa ngemathiriyeli kwimpahla yenkcube (IP) kunye nemali yengeniso ephuma kwintengiso yediski, umculo, kunye nentetho yamazwe aphesheya.

Le nkqubo inciphisa ubungozi be-studio yoopopayi kodwa ikwalungisa istudio ezininzi zihlala zijongene neendawo zokulwa, zifumana kuphela umrhumo wokuvelisa, ngexa ingeniso yekomiti iphuma kwingeniso ende esetyenziswayo. Ulawulo lokwakha lusoloko luxoxwa, kunye nomvakalisi we-manga ophethe amandla okulinganisa. Okungacacanga kukhoyo: uLingelo lwase Kyoto Oopopayi lwazimisela isiphawuli salo esikhaphukileyo, i-KAsala Bunko, ukulawula amalungelo olwenzekayo nokungaxhomekeki kwikomiti zangaphandle; i-IIG.G ne-Wit Studio ithe chula kwinkampani ekhulisa i-injini yokukhetha imisebenzi. Ezi zinto zikhomba kwikamva apho i-studio isenokufuneka khona ukuba ne-cslaw, nangona ikomkhulu lifuna ukugxanduleka.

Ikamva Lokuveliswa Kweantium

Iprojekthi ezininzi ziza kuyila ishumi leminyaka elizayo. Eyokuqala, ukuxutywa kwezixhobo zobuchule obungeyoyonto zobuchule phakathi koopopayi kunye nemvelaphi kuyahlolwa ngokukhutheleyo, nangona amaqumrhu obugcisa kunye nabaphathi benqanawa behlala belumkile. Okwesibini, iprojekthi yomhlaba wonke iyanyuka `njenge MAPPA neSSA STA SARU ngoku ibala eliqhelekileyo elivela kwi-Netflix kunye neDisney. Impumelelo yemodelithili yendlela yokusebenza ihlala ingumqondiso wendlela yokusebenza yoomatshini: Imanyano yeJapan Yoomatshini bobuchule ipapashe ubungqina bokuhlawula nokukrwela phantsi kokudibeka, kwaye ezinye iindawo ezincinane zizama ukuthatha inxaxheba njengezixhobo zokufumana imodeli yeKyo. Ngelitiki, ngoxa kuselusizi, kuhlala kusenziwa ubungqina bendlela yokusebenza kwabantu kunye noloyiloyilo.

Ekugqibeleni, kwanengcaciso ye- “amen" iyakhula njengoko iindawo zokusebenza zamazwe ngamazwe zivelisa uthotho oluphenjelelwa kakhulu lulwimi lwamaJapan olubonayo . olufana ne-Avatar: Imorbender kunye neyangaphambili Lazar[[FLT]] nguShinichirō Watanabe no- MAPPA esebenzisana no-Aduldar. Ingxoxo yokudala eyaqala ekuqaleni kwe 20-century-cury ibonnelting ize isangqa esipheleleyo, ithembisa nangaphezulu kwexesha elizayo edibekiweyo kwaye ingaqondakali.

Ukuhlola okubhekele phaya kwembali ezithile zeqosha, imbali ye-'FLT'' ye-aIP' inika ixesha elininzi, ngelixesha Sacubabooru [ inika izikali eziqingqiweyo zeqhosha le-aimator ukunqumla amashumi eminyaka. [[FLT:] Anime News enethwekhi yomsebenzi we-AINTP [ ihlala iyisiseko esibalulekileyo sabasebenzi bemidathanga, imihlathi yemihlathi, kunye nemisebenzi yokuvelisa ngaphaya kwamawaka eentloko.