Kwihlabathi elinamanani akhulayo, iimbutho ezijongene neenkomfa zabathandi bomculo zingaphezulu kunezokuzonwabisa nje kuphela. Njengemijelo yezosasazo edibanisayo yomhla nemihla, iziganeko zezixhobo zokunyakamisa zinika indawo enqabileyo apho inkanuko itshintsha khona ibe lumanyano lomntu lokwenene. Ezi ntlanganiso, ezisekelwe kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwiincwadi ezihlekisayo kunye nemidlalo yevidiyo ukuya kuthothotho lukamabonwakude kunye nomculo, zinika uhlobo lwendawo yoluntu apho amaqonga obugcisa angenakusetyenziswa. Zidala indawo apho abantu bangenayo nje kuphela into epheleleyo kodwa banokuthatha inxaxheba kuyo kwimpucuko epheleleyo. Intsingiselo yezi ziganeko iyanda ngaphaya kwesiganeko seholo; ziphinda zihambele, zomeleza iimbutho zoluntu, kunye nempembelelo kwimizi yokwakha iifekthali.

I-Evolution Yezehlo Ezingaqhelekanga

Uhambo ukusuka kwindibano encinane, engacwangciswanga ukuya kwiindibano ezinkulu zomhlaba lubonisa ukukhula kwezithethe zepop ngokwayo. Kwimihla yangaphambili, iziganeko zefuthe zazisoloko zicwangciswe ngemicimbi yengca ngeqela labathandi abasuka kwiifenzi kunye negama lomlomo. Ingqungquthela yokuqala yehlabathi yeFigano efish ngo1939 yayikubuthothotho obumalunga nama-200 kubantu kwisiXeko saseNew York. Amashumi eminyaka kamva, isikhokelo salo mfanekiso sasicwangciswe, kodwa umlinganiselo wanwela ngokuphawulekayo ngokuvela kweminye i-millimedia franchisses.

Incopho yokutshintsha yavela ngokuvela kweSan Diego Comic-Coon, eyaqala ngo-1970 njengesiganeko esinye esitsala abakhoyo abangama-300. Iqale yavela yaba ngumkhosi othe kratya, weentsuku ezine ezitsala abantu abangaphezu kwe-130 000 ngonyaka kwaye isebenza njengesixhobo sokundulula iifilimu ze-bloko kunye nothotho lwe-Televistiki. Impumelelo yeComic-Coon yabonisa ukuba iimbutho ze-Comic-Comenic zinokuba zombini iintengiso ezithelekisa iintengiso kunye namava obuqu. Ngokunjalo, ukudlala njenge-E3 (Ectronic Expoint Expoint) kunye nePractop) kwaqalisa ukuzisa abadlali kunye ukuze kukhutshwe kwaye kubhiyo. Ngeliyo, umculo ofana nomculo ofana nowenziwe ngomculo we-Collal.

Namhlanje, ummandla uquka umxube oqaqambileyo weendidi zeziganeko: osemthethweni, owenziwe ngetshati efana nenkwenkwezi Imfazwe Zomkhosi kunye ne D23 Expo; inter-run efana ne Dragon Con; kunye nendawo engaphambili idibana ne-screen enikezelwe kumboniso omnye, i-podcast, okanye umdlalo. I-Internet, ekuqaleni eyoyikwa njengemandla azakugcina abantu ekhaya, eneneni inyusa ukukhula ngokukwenza kube lula nokulungelelanisa uluntu. Ngoku i-media yoluntu isebenza njengeglude-ethe - phekethe - jini enye ijika ibe yincoko ejikeleza unyaka wonke, kwaye isiganeko ngokwaso sibe siso sokuphela kolwalamano oluqhubekayo.

Imfundo Yefandom Neempawu Ezabelanayo

Ukuqonda isizathu sokuba iziganeko zezixhobo zokujika zibaluleke kangaka, kuyanceda ukukhangela kwinzululwazi yengqondo yefandom ngokwayo. Xa umntu ezibiza ngokuba “ngumntu onjani,” kwaye azazi kwiqela elinolwakho uthanda lungaba ngumthombo obalulekileyo wokuzingca. Ingcamango yentlalo ithetha ukuba ingqiqo yethu yokuba singoobani ichazwa ngokwenxalenye ngamaqela esiwawo. Xa umntu ezibiza ngokuba “ngu-Trekkie,” okanye “Shittie,” abathethi nje ngohlobo lwawo; babiza ubulungu boluntu ngezithethe zalo, izithethe, neembuyiselo zalo.

Iziganeko ezithe ngqo zandisa ukusebenza kwengqondo. Ukuma eholweni namawaka abantu abakuqondayo ukubhekisa kwiplanethi engekho ngqiqweni okanye i-odowphrase encinane kunika ubungqina obunamandla bento. Ngelo xesha, ukuba nomdla akuyonto ingaqhelekanga esecaleni. Kukulungiselela igumbi. Le mvakalelo yokusebenza inokubenza bazive behlaziyekile abantu abasenokuziva bengabodwa kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla ngenxa yokuba inkanuko yabo ayinxulunyaniswa nabo bangqonge nabo. Ukuya kwindibano akuyonto engaqhelekanga ebangela ubulolo ngokusuka nje ubonise ukuba asingomntu okhathalele kakhulu.

Uphando olukwindawo entle nelungileyo lubonise ukuba ezi-Mpawu zahlulwayo zingasigcina isigcini somphantsi nxamnye nexhala kunye nodandatheko. Ufundo olupapashwa kwi Fandom Studies lufumanise ukuba amalungu abantu abanomdla asoloko efumana imigangatho ephezulu yenkxaso yentlalo kunye nemigangatho esezantsi yoxinezeleko ngexesha lobunyani obusebenzayo. Iziganeko zomzinzo zibonakala kulowo mgcini-mgcini-sango, apho inkxaso enye iguquka ibe kukungana kwehlabathi lokwenene, iintlanu, kunye nokhuseleko lwemihlathi.

Ukubaluleka Koluntu

Ingqiqo yoluntu olukhuthazwa kwiziganeko ze-aftines ayipheli xa izibane ziphela. Uqhagamshelwano oluwenziwa kwimigca ekwiqela leenkqubo ze-Q&A, okanye ukulindela nje umfanekiso wefilimu lungaguqula ube bubuhlobo obuhlala buhleli, ubudlelane bokwakha, kwanonxulumano lwezoshishino.

Ukunethwekhi Okuvakala Kuyinto Yemvelo

Ngokungafaniyo nabaxubi bamashishini aqhelekileyo, iziganeko zezixhobo zokunxibelelana zikhuthaza ii-intanethi zonxibelelwano ezisekelwe kwihlombe elinye kunokuba zinikezelwe. Abaqulunqi badibana nabaququzeleli bemidlalo abanobuchule, nabaququzeleli bempahla bafumana abasebenzi bezixhobo zokudlala kuba bonke betsalele kwilizwe elinye lokudala. Kwimigangatho yendibano nasehotele ebusuku, iingcamango, iinkcazo zemali, amakhadi eshishini ayatshintshisana, kwaye imisebenzi iyazalwa. Olu lwalamano lusoloko luhlala ixesha elide emva kwesiganeko kuba benento eqinile kune-igcolot .

Iinkqubo zokuxhasa ngokweemvakalelo

Ngaphandle kwezixhobo zokunxibelelana, ezi ntlalo zinikela inkxaso enzulu ngokweemvakalelo. Abalandeli abaninzi baye bafumana iindawo ezikhuselekileyo kwiziganeko apho benokuchaza khona iindawo abazifihlayo. Ifilimu, umzekelo, ivumela abantu ukuba babe ngabantu ababathandayo, kwaye imekobume exhasayo yendibano inokwenza ukuba ezi zibopho zizive zisemngciphekweni kunokuba zibe yingozi. Iindlela zokuzikhusela ezingekho mdlalweni neziluncedo ezisuka kwindibano-yo. Ngokukhawuleza zibone ukuba zikho iimfuduko ezizizodwa okanye izikhululo zethala leembutho zemali.

Amasiko Namasiko Abelanayo

Isiganeko ngasinye esinempumelelo se-fanfo siphuhlisa izithethe zaso: i-ftog yeqela lonyaka, umgxalatho womgca wasebusuku, ukuxhawulana ngokufihlakeleyo, isidlo esingacwangciswanga esikwindawo ekufutshane eyaziwa njengembali. Ezi zithethe zahlukeneyo zidala inkumbulo edibeneyo yokomeleza igama lengingqi. Kwanabalandeli abangakwaziyo ukubakho umntu ngokuzingca xa bethabatha inxaxheba kwimijelo ephilayo kunye nakumajelo osasaza asekuhlaleni, bevakalelwa kukubandakanyeke kwibali elityhiliweyo lesiganeko. Oku kuqheliselo lwesithethe kwiminyaka ekufuphi kuguqula ilungu elihlala ixesha elide, oko kusenza utyalo lwemvakalelo lukhule ixesha ngalinye.

Ukuvelisa Iinkumbulo Ezihlala Zihleli Ngamava Abalaseleyo

Iinkumbulo eziveliswa kwiziganeko ezinomtsalane zisoloko ziphakathi kwezona zicacileyo ebomini bomntu kuba zidibanisa izinto ezintsha, iimvakalelo ezinzulu, kunye nomanyano lwentlalo.

Okuqulethwe yiyo kudlala indima enkulu. Ukujonga okokuqala kwikharavani, ukusetyenziswa komculo, okanye isibhengezo somdlalo othandekayo sibangela i-sequel edityanisiweyo nogqabhuko-phuzo lovuyo olungafanelaniyo nokungabukelwa kwegumbi lokuhlala. Ukubakho kumzuzu wembali wokuveza isiqalo esitsha esimangalisayo okanye ukuphinda kuphinda kutsha kweqonga likamabonwakude eliqhelekileyo, kubangela ukuba abantu babe ngamangqina okuzibonela kwinto enkulu kuneyabo. Abo babekwigumbi lokubonisa amava okuzichaza ngeminyaka emininzi, kwaye loo mava aba yinxalenye yobuntu babo.

Imisebenzi edityanisiweyo iyawukhulisa umchako wenkumbulo. Iindawo zomsebenzi apho abalandeli bafunda ukuzoba ngohlobo lomzobi othandwayo, amagumbi okuphepha athe afumaneka emva kokuxinezeleka kwabo, okanye iintlanganiso ze-Q&A apho umboniseli wemibuzo eboniswa ngabaphula udonga lwesine phakathi komdali nomthengi. Imidlalo yokudlala, ingakumbi, iguqula ukuncoma okungaqhubiyo kube kukusebenza, kunye neenyanga zokulungiselela ezifikelela kwiqondo elifutshane kwibanga elivakala ngathi kukuphumelela kobomi bonke. Ubuchule kunye nokuchanabeka okuboniswa ngaloo mzuzu kwenza abantu bacingelwa kakhulu.

Urhwebo oluqulethweyo lukwaxhasa inkumbulo. Ushicilelo olutyikitywe, ibheji yesehlo elinganiselweyo, okanye kwanebheji yesiganeko esiqhelekileyo enesiko iba yindawo emenza amava anjalo onke. Emva kwexesha lendibano, ukukhangela loo nto kubangela uphuphumo lwezimvakalelo ezizinzileyo . Isiganeko esibizwa ngokuba si-asociatification. Umr lwandise kwiziganeko zidla ngokuphatha ibali elichaza indlela efumaneka ngayo, nokuba ibandakanya ukubotshelela intente ephithizelayo okanye ukunxulumana nenkomfama ebamba esona sona sitsha.

Impembelelo KuMdali Nakwiintlobo

Iziganeko ezithe ngqo azisosipho nje kwababekho; ziyilebhu yokuphendula ngokuthe ngqo nokuthembeka kohlobo lobuchule kwabadali, kwizakhiwo zobugcisa nakubavakalisi. Imali yeemvakalelo eveliswa kwezo holo iguqula impumelelo yezorhwebo nendaleko yokudala.

Xa iitafile zemifanekiso ehlekisayo kwindibano, bafumana intsabelo ekhawulezileyo, engacocekiyo emsebenzini wabo. Bangabona ukuba ngoobani abaphembelela owona mdlalo uphambili, ngawaphi amaphepha eqela lenjongo ezixhobo amisa abantu, kwaye yiyiphi imibuzo eqhubekayo. Olu phando lwexesha lentengiso lutyebile kakhulu kune-intanethi, kuba luchukumisa ilizwi, iintetho zobuso, kunye namabali axhasayo. Kwimiboniso emikhulu, umgangatho wendibano kulapho banokuvavanya khona iinqwelo zokuqhuba inqwelo-mafutha, ibonise umdla we-sequel ecel, kwaye bachaze ii-fonts ezithi ziba ngaba ngumthunywa we-ombaleki.

Ukunyaniseka okupheleleyo okuye kwakhiwa kwiziganeko kusoloko kugqitha naliphi na iphulo lorhwebo. Xa umenzi wemidlalo ekhumbula igama lomntu odlala nge-apply, xa umbhekisi phambili etyikitya ityala lomdlalo ngephetshana lobuqu, okanye xa imvumi idibana nabalandeli emva kweqonga, uhlobo lwendlela yokudibana kwemvakalelo. Lo matshini udla ngokuyixhasa iminyaka, ukuyikhusela kwi Internet yomntu kwaye uyicwangcisa kwakhona. Ingxoxo engqalileyo iguqula umbutho, iguqula uphawu olungenabuso lube liqela labantu abakhathalelayo.

Ngaphezu koko, iziganeko ezinomtsalane zivelisa impembelelo ebalulekileyo yezoqoqosho. Iihotele, iivenkile zokutyela, kunye neenkonzo zokuthutha zingenelwa kakhulu. Izixeko zikhuphisana ngogonyamelo ukulungiselela iindibano ezinkulu, zinika izikhuthazo ngenxa yokuba ziyayiqonda ingeniso yoomatiloshe nenkxalabo yamazwe ngamazwe. Isivumelwano esithelekisayo siyakwazi ukumpompa izigidi zeerandi kwizoqoqosho zasekuhlaleni ngempelaveki enye. Nabavelisi-zinye, banokuvelisa imisebenzi exhasayo ngokuthengisa ngokuthe ngqo kumgangatho osezantsi, ukudlula abagcini-sango bemishicimbi bezezobugcisa, ababhali, nabazobugcisa, isiphaluka-mfolo, indibano asingomsebenzi wokuzonwabisa; ngumsinga-mdla wengeniso yabo ephambili.

Iingxaki Neingcinga Zabo Bahleli

Phezu kwako nje ukumatshiza, iziganeko zemimoya zivelisa izinto ezintsonkothileyo ezimele zihambe ngendlela ephawulekayo, ngokokuziphatha, nangokokhuseleko. Ugqabhuko - dubulo lwababekho luye lwanyusa izithintelo zokudala imekobume ekhuselweyo nekhuselekileyo.

" indibano enkulu ivakala njengetheko elizenzekelayo, kodwa ngapha koko ingenye yeendibano ezicwangcisiweyo zomntu onokuyithelekelela ngocoselelo.] Apho zonke iibheji, umqobo, nayiphi na inkqubo ikhoyo ngenxa yokuba umntu othile evelelwa yingxaki ngaphandle kwayo."

Ukufikeleleka lucelomngeni oluqhubekayo. Iindawo ezinkulu, iifoloji ezinde, kunye nezihlwele ezixineneyo zingabathwaxwa ngamandla abantu abaneziphene. Abaququzeleli kufuneka bayile iindlela ezisetyenziswayo zokuyila izitulo ezinamavili ezinamavili ezinamavili, banike abatolikisi okanye baphilele iinkcazelo zentetho yezandla kwizixhobo, banike amagumbi azolileyo abantu abeze-meva zemithambo-luvo, kunye nabasebenzi bololiwe ukunceda ngaphandle kokuphakamisa. Izixhobo zokwenene zokuhamba zithetha ukuba ipesentitipethis ezinomtsalayo zinokuba novuyo olufana noluvo lwamntu wonke.

Imithetho-nkqubo yokhuseleko iye yaba yinto ephambili engenakusetyenziswa. Iindibano eziphezulu zeprofile ngoku zipapasha iinkqubo ezibanzi ezichasene ne-harsars, ezinenkqubo yokunika ingxelo ecacileyo kunye namaqela okuphendula aqeqeshiweyo. Ikholi, ngokukodwa, iphakamisa imibandela ebalulekileyo yemvume: “ukudlala akuvumi” amaphulo afumene igalelo lokuqinisekisa ukuba umntu okwinxintsho uphathwa ngentlonelo kwaye isithuba sobuqu siyahlonelwa. Iintlanganiso ezinkulu zifuna ucwangciso oluqinileyo olungxamisekileyo, kuquka izitishi zoncedo lwezempilo, inkxaso yempilo, kunye nomanyano yomthetho wasekuhlaleni.

Ukulawula amathemba bubunye ubugcisa obulula. Abantu abanoluvo bangafika benethemba lexesha elisondeleyo nabadumileyo abangenakuqinisekiswa, okanye bangalindela ukuba iqela lihambe ngokuchanekileyo njengoko lalinjalo emaphupheni abo. Ukurhoxiswa okungummangaliso, iintambo ezinde, okanye izinto ezithengiswe ngaphandle zinokukhokelela ekudabukeni. Unxibelelwano olucacileyo ngaphambi naxa isiganeko sinciphisa ungquzulwano, kodwa abaququzeleli kufuneka bakulungele ukusingatha ukukhuselwa kwemvakalelo okungahambiselani notyalo olunamandla. Ukulungelelana phakathi kwephulo kunye nento yokwenene kubalulekile ukukhusela umntu okhoyo ngaphandle kokuvala intloko.

Ukulondolozwa kwendawo engqongileyo kuyinto exhalatyelwayo. Iplastiki enye, izinto ezishicilelweyo, kunye nokubhalwa kweenyawo zekharbon zamawaka abahambi kubangela ucelomngeni. Ezinye iziganeko ngoku zikhuthaza ucwangciso lwamanani neengxowa zokuthengisa ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, ngoxa ezinye zifakelwa kwiinkqubo zokungalinganisi carbon. Njengoko impucuko enomdla indalo ixhalabela ngakumbi, iindibano ziya kufuneka zikhokele ngomzekelo.

Ikamva Leziganeko Ezingaqhelekanga

Njengoko ubugcisa buzidibanisa ngakumbi ubomi bemihla ngemihla, iziganeko zezixhobo zokutshiza zikwindawo edityanisiweyo, zidibanisa umlingo wokwenyama nowokufikelela kwamanani. Isikhonkwane esinyanzelekileyo esikwisijikelezi - langa sabonisa ukuba inxalenye ethile ye-intanethi inokunwenwa ngendlela ephawulekayo. Iziganeko ezininzi ngoku zifumana imodeli exutyweyo egcina ezona zinto zintle kuzo zombini ezikhoyo.

Indibano exutyiweyo inganika iindawo ezihlalayo ezinezinxulumani ezidityanisiweyo, iintlanganiso ze-autograph edict zisebenzisa umnxeba wevidiyo, kunye neeholo ezibonisa amanani apho abalandeli banokukhangela nokuthenga izinto ezithengiswa kuyo nayiphi na indawo ehlabathini. Le ndlela ivumela umama omnye ongakwaziyo ukuthenga uhambo, umfundi kwelinye ilizwe, okanye ipesenti yesixhobo sokhuselo-majoni omzimba ukuze athathe inxaxheba. Izakhelo zibangela ukuba abadali abaququzeleli behlabathi badibane nabantu abahlala emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kokulinganiselwa yimeko-bume yendalo. Ukuphumelela kwamava nje kuphela njengoBlizzConline kwabonisa ukuba isiganeko esisekelwe kwisikrini sisenokudlulisela iimvakalelo eziphezulu ngokweemvakalelo, kodwa indlala yokunxibelelana konxibelelwano olunxulumene nocothatho lwendalo. Ikamva liza kubona kwakhona i-probin exuty syd syncs syncreat type imomes kulo nyaka wonke.

Ubugcisa obuzinzileyo obufana nolwandiso lwento yokwenene (AR) kunye nento yokwenene (VR) iza kuphinda ifumane amava angaqhelekanga. I-Arlay inokuzisa izinto ezifana nemidlalo edityanisiweyo kumgangatho wendibano, iguqulela iholo esezantsi yomthengisi kwi-scaflist. IVR ingavumela abalandeli ukuba bangene kwibala elipheleleyo eliqwalaselweyo lebrorho yenkwenkwezi ngexa besame kumbindi wendibano. Ezi zixhobo zinokunyusa ingqiqo yokuba phakathi kwendalo iphela, zifinyeze umgca phakathi komntu okhoyo nothengizayo.

Ii-events ezincinane ezikwindawo ekufutshane kunye namava epop-aves aza kunyuka. Endaweni yokufuna ukuba wonk ’ ubani ahambe aye kwingqungquthela enye, iidaya kunye neenkokeli zoluntu zingafumana iimbutho ezincinci, ezisondeleleneyo kwizixeko ezininzi, nganye ibotshelelwe kunye ngentambo ephakathi. Ezi ziganeko zisezantsi kumqobo wokungena, zinciphisa impembelelo yemekobume, kwaye zenze ummandla ongaphezulu wobuqu. Umanyano olwenziwe kwigumbi elingu 150 labalandeli abazinikeleyo lungafumana amandla afana nomnye owenziwe kwibala le-10 000.

Ekugqibeleni, iziganeko ezijikayo ziza kuqhubeka ziguquka kuba umntu ufuna uvuyo, ukubonwa, nokuhlala ekho. Ubugcisa buza kutshintsha ipakethe, kodwa amava angundoqo ayingcali (abafokazi) ababa ngabahlobo kukuthanda ibali eli-(-*) aza kuhlala engekho xesha. Lo gama nje kukho amabali asenza siqhutywe, kuya kubakho izizathu zokuzihlanganisa nokuzibhiyozela.