Upopayi usoloko uyinto esetyenziswa ukutshintsha inkqubela phambili yembali yakhe eqhubekayo. Ukusuka kwimifanekiso ekhanyayo yentambo yezoet ukuya kwigrafiki, ipeyinti yesandla yenkulungwane yama-20, ubuchule bokuzisa imizobo ebomini buye batshintsha kakhulu ubugcisa kunye nenkcubeko. Eyona ngxaki ibalulekileyo kwimbali yayo yenzeka xa ijika kweminyaka eliwaka, xa ikhompyutha ehambayo i-computer ehambayo (CGI) ithathe indawo yesithethe sobugcisa bokutsala ngesandla njengendlela ephambili yokuvelisa iifilimu kunye ne-TV. Olu tshintsho alukhange lube lululo unikezelo lwesiqu kodwa lwalululo olukhawulezi thuba lokuhlola, amashumi eminyaka eenkqubo etshintshayo, kunye nokutshintsha abaphula amathengi. Indlela yokuqonda nezoshishino lwezo zezoshishino olusetyenziswayo olusetyenziswayo olusetyenziswayo, ukubonakala kwizixhobo zezixhobo zezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ezisebenzayo, iinjongo ezihlala zisebenza.

IXesha leGolden yoopopayi abazotywa ngesandla

Uopopayi besithethe, abadla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngumfanekiso wesandla okanye we-cel, yinkqubo yokusebenza ephucula umsebenzi apho isakhelo ngasinye sokuhamba sizotywa kwiphepha kwaye kamva sitshintshelwe kwiphepha elibonisayo elikwiseliuloji ethatha umfanekiso kunye nokufota. Ubuchule obukhulele ezandleni zobugcisa obutsha kunye nabazobi abaphucula amandla abo anokuvela kwi-odoli eninzi. UWalt Disney''s mfish, owavelisa ubunzulu obuqhelekileyo, obufana ne-2DDD. Esi sixhobo sisebenzisa i-morounding Villiew ne-Denf" (19777) ukubek-etheza into entsha yokuzonwabisa. I-Dney scew, i-Aeceddys, i-geeting, i-Expresson, i-Expresson, "Exponse" ebona i-encyterney "up, "upton, "upton, "upton, "up] ububanzi, "unyaka-oce, u-offaton, "e

Embindini woopopayi besithethe yayibubuchule bomzobi ngamnye. Isikhokelo sezichazi-magama ezizoba isitshixo simi, ngeli lixa abancedisi beveliswa phakathi kwentshukumo egudileyo. Abazobi, ii-inkers, kunye nabazobi bonke banikela kwifreyimu eyaba nemisebenzi yezobugcisa ekwiminyaka engama-24 ngomzuzwana, efuna amawaka emisebenzi yezobugcisa nganye ukwenzela uphawu olunye. Iziphumo zomzobo wawune-frime ne-sponontane ekwanelubala oluthe ngqo kunxibelelwano oluphakathi kwesandla somzobi kunye nephepha. Kwisiqingatha senkulungwane, oku kwahlala kusemgangatho wegolide.

Imvukelo Yobugcisa: Ukungena Kwixesha Lamanani

Iikhompyutha zaqalisa ukugqobhoza kumbhobho wolinganiso kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba zikwazi ukwenza iifilimu ziphela. Ngeminyaka yee-1960 kunye nee-1970, abaphengululi bazama imodeli zamanani kunye ne-frame engundoqo, ngelixa istudio zesithethe zisebenzisa amanani e-ink kunye neenkqubo zepeyinti ukunabela imibala. Ukuphazamiseka kokwenene kwabangelwa kukuphuhliswa komfanekiso wolinganiso wekhompyutha okwazi ukufuzisela imekobume ye-modeli, iimpawu zesikhephe se-ankile, kunye nokuveza umfanekiso wefoto efanayo. Pixar Studios Studios, ekuqaleni inkampani yekhompyutha kwaye kamva icandelo le khompyutha le filimu elinobuchule obungashukuxelwa kweCGIm, kwabonisa ukuchaza i-mfonomfono-mfonothi omfutshane "Lxo J.1986). Ukuphumelela kwentengo ye-mathelo-yom-etho-etho-e-m-yodwa kuphela.

Ukuvela kwe-3D CGI kwiiFilim ezineempawu

Ekupheleni konyaka ka-1990 kunye nasekuqaleni kowama-2012, amaza eCGI abonakalisa ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza umhlaba. Abasebenzi be-Delcips bacelsa uDisney nge "Shrek" (2001), Blue Sky Studios ukhupho "Ixesha le-Ice", kwaye Pixar yaqhubeka icoca iifilimu zayo ngemifanekiso efana "Ukufumana iNemo" (2003). Le mifanekiso-bhanyabhanya ibingeyobugcisa nje yobugcisa; yayiyiyo i-ofisi yebhanki ye-dryarnaut ekwakulindelwe ukujongwa kwebloko yebhanki emibalabalaleyo. Umbhobhobho wemi owenziwe ngohlobo oluninzi lwemibhobho ejikelezayo, iziphumo ezintsonkothile zombane, kunye nezenzo ezinamandla ezinokuthi zithintele ukufikelela kwiminxelo yesandla okanye ii-creding.

Isizathu Sokuba Ushishino Lungahlali Kwipensile Namaphepha

Izinto ezininzi zoqoqosho nezokudala zadibana ukutyhalela phambili uopopayi besithethe emazantsi. Ngelixesha ubugcisa bomsebenzi wokutsala ngesandla bunqabile ukubuzwa, imodeli yeshishini yokuvelisa ngesikali yaba nzima ngakumbi ukuthethelela.

Ubuchule bexabiso kunye nolawulo lwezibonelelo

Ukwenza uphawu olunemisebenzo epheleleyo ngezinto eziphathekayo kufuna ukuba zisebenze kakhulu iingcaphephe, iistudio ezinkulu eziphathekayo, kunye nokugcinwa kwezigidi zemifanekiso. Ulinganiso lwamanani, xa utyalo lwexesha oluphezulu kwi-hardware kunye ne-software lwenziwe, luvumela ukusetyenziswa okungeyo-line-ephandle, uhlaziyo olulula, kunye neencwadi zezixhobo zexabiso ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwimisebenzi ethile. Imodeli yezobugcisa eyakhelwe ifilimu enye ingabuyiselwa kwakhona kwaye ilungiswe kwakhona, igcine iinyanga zokuyila ixesha. Ukulungelelanisa i-injini zendalo kunye nemibala ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokupeyinta ngesakhefu nganye ngesandla. Ngaphezu kobomi be-franchize, ezi zintlobo zemifanekiso ye-friccien. Studio zifunyaniswe ukuba ukuveliswa kwemveliso yeCIGi, kunye nolwabiwo-orejini esetyenziswa ngamandla kakhulu

Ukutshintsha Incasa Yoondlebe Nentengiso

Njengoko iCGI yanxulunyaniswa nokwenza isiganeko somgangatho wezobugcisa, abaphulaphuli baqala ukulinganisa ulinganiso lwe-drawn-sandla nolugqithileyo kunoluvo olukhoyo. Amasebe athengisayo afakelwe ingeniso kule mbono. Ifilimu yekhompyutha ithengiswe ngokunenkqubela ithengiselwa njengolwaphulo-mthetho lwendalo, ngoxa le 2D impawu `nazodwa", zidla ngokulwa nzima ukuveza imvakalelo enye yento engaqhelekanga. Intengiso ephantsi kokusetyenziswa kwesithethe iifilimu eziphuculiweyo ekuqaleni kowa 2000, njengeDisney'’s "Taisourse Planet" (2002), inyusa ukuveliswa kwento eyayisuka nje kwi. Ngoxa inyaniso yayinobunzima obuninzi.

Impembelelo yokubalisela nokubonakala

Ukutshintsha kwamanani akuzange kutshintshe nje iindlela zokuvelisa; kwaguqula iindidi zamabali ezazinokuxelelwa ngokubonakalayo. Ubuchule bokwakha zonke iindawo ezidibeneyo zanika abalawuli ulawulo olukhulu ngokuhamba kwekhamera, ubunzulu bebala, kunye nokuyilo olushicilelweyo. Iifilimu ezifana "Izityhilelo" (2004) zisebenzise oku ukwenza uludwe oluninzi lwezixhobo zemifanekiso eshukumayo ezibotshelelwe kakhulu kwimifanekiso eshukumayo, ngelixa "Ukufumana u-Nemo" ukutshonisa ababukeli kwimi bomfanekiso womfanekiso womfanekiso womntu wolwandlekazi olinganayo. Ngexesha elinye, ukutshintsha-tshintsha kwezixhobo zamanani kukhuthaza uludwe olungavelileyo lwe-photo-n elula. Iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ze-compuls, njenge "Claupy-Medy", "20091", kwaye zenza ii-Jinskins" ngokushwa kwe-optopy-ography, zisuka kwi-oyile, ngoko zibonise ii-oyile ze-oyile, ii-compulayidia.

Sekunjalo, kwavela ugxeko oludla ngokuvela: ukuba iifilimu zeqonga leCGI zaqalisa ukukhangeleka ngokufanayo/isipili, i-slick, i-menu edityanisiweyo. Ukungafezeki okungagqibekanga komgca otsalwa ngesandla, uvavanyo lwepensela olubonakalayo olubonisa imbonakalo engqalileyo yegcisa, lwathathelwa indawo sisixhobo sokulinganisa sombane esiqhelekileyo. Oku kwabangela ukuba abazobi baqaphele ukuba iinguqu ze-astyle zazisemgxobeni.

Indima Etshintshayo Yemfaniso

Umsebenzi wokolinganiso wafumana utshintsho olunzulu njengoko izixhobo zishiywe. I-aimator yakudala yayiyidrafti, yaqeqeshelwa ukuzoba, amalungu omzimba, kunye neempawu zophawulo. I-aximigameter idla ngokusebenzisa unodoli: ishukumisa uphawu lwemasti esele imodelwe, imodeli, kwaye ikhutshiwe. Ubuchule obususwe ekudweni kwamawaka ezixhobo zomfanekiso ngamnye ukuphatha i-software njenge-Autodek Maya okanye i-Amppeamer. Oku akuthethi kuthi nakuphi na ukulahlekelwa komcukusebenzi bemifanekiso, kunye nobunzima, kwaye ukusebenza kohlobo lwenqwelo-moya oluguquliweyo. Abaninzi abasebenzi bezobugcisa baguqulwa kwakhona njenge 3Dimators okanye abafumana iindima ezintsha kwi-Propolation, uphuhlisography, nobuchule bokuzoba, apho amaziko angundoqo angundoqo afumaneka khona. [5] [5]

Ugcino lwesithethe esizotywa ngesandla

Ngaphandle kokulawula kweCGI, ulinganiso lwemiboniso-zandla aluzange lunyamalale. ENtshona, kwiqela elizimeleyo leeqonga kunye nabenzi bemifanekiso eshukumayo bezizwe ngezizwe bagcina ilangatye liphila. i- Studio Ghibli, ikhokelwa ngu Hayao Miyazaki, isoloko iveze iimpawu 2D zobugcisa nempumelelo yezorhwebo, ezifana ne "Devidud Le" (2001, eyaphumelela i-Academy Academy. i-Irland’s Caroto Saloon, ngemifanekiso efana "Imfihlelo kaKells" 209) kunye "Walvallers" 2020), isebenzisa ubugcisa besandla ukuveza indlela eyahlukileyo, obufana nezobuqhelekile ngobugcisa beminyaka ephakathi.

Imigudu Yokufundisa Neyokwakha

Uthungelwano olunamandla lwamaziko ngoku lusebenza ukuqinisekisa ulwazi lolinganiso lwesandla alukalahleka. Izikolo ezifana nemigaqo ye-2D. IMithetho yeFilim, njenge-Ottawa International Oopopayi no-Annecy, unikezelo lwemibutho esebenzayo, ukubhiyozela imbonakalo ephilayo kunemibhobho ekhoyo. Izigcini-zincwadi kunye neemyuziyam, kuquka [FLT:] iDisney Museum [FFLT]. [FLT], igcina iimemodys, njenge-Ottany International Open Opoint Mostical Dastival kunye ne-Annecy, inikezela iprojectalsssssss, ibhiyo esebenzela ukuqesha, ukubhiyo ikhulisa imbonakalo yendlela ekhoyo kunendawo yomzinzo. Iimpahla zogcino-mfazim, kunye neendlela zokuzinzo ezizinzileyo ezithe zisebenza ngokuzinyoba.

Ubugcisa Obuhlambulukileyo: Xa Zombini Iihlabathi Zikho

Mhlawumbi eyona nto ibangel ’ umdla ekuqhubekekeni koopopayi bexesha linye kudityaniswe iindlela zokutsala ngesandla kunye namanani. Kunokuba ziphathwe njengeenkampu eziphikisanayo, abazobi baxuba i-2D ne-3D ukuvelisa ii-asythetics ezingenakuyiphumeza iyodwa. Ifilimu emfutshane kaSonny Piemony "Paperman" (2011) isebenzisa i-propropropiteriary ebizwa ngokuba yi-Adder ukudibanisa ngokungenazintsonkompondo zesandla phezu kwe CGII Geometry, okuphumela ekuboniseni, imbonakalo ebonakala imbonakalo evakalayo yoonke ekhoyo. i-Sonny Piemoly fitry's "Spider-Manighter" phambi kokuba i-Verers" (208) ikhuphe ingqiqo eluhlobo oluninzi lobugcisa oluninzi.

Ikamva: I-AI, Iinjini Zexesha Lokwenene, kunye na Ngaphaya kwe-

Upopayi uyaqhubeka uguqula isantya esikhawulezayo, esibunjwe bubugcisa obuvelayo obunokulingana nempembelelo yonyuko lwe-CGI. Ukunikezelwa kwexesha lokwenene kwe-injini njenge-Uneal Engine kunye nomanyano, ekuqaleni okwakhiwa kwimidlalo yevidiyo, kuya kusetyenziswa ngokukhula kwimveliso yefilimu kunye ne-TV. Bavumela abaphathi ukuba babone iindawo ezisingiselweyo ezikhanyisiweyo ngokuzeleyo, bawe phantsi kweziphumo ezithe tye lokunika intsingiselo zesithethe kunye nokuvula ucango oluya phambili lwengxelo oluya phambili. Ubukrelekrele, nabo, baqala ukuphembelela imizobo yokulinganisa imigca ephakathi kwemibhobhobho, imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo, okanye bancedise ngemigca yemilo, nangona benyusa inkxaso yokulawula nokutyhafakelwa.

Kulo lonke olu lwazi, ingxoxo phakathi kwesithethe namanani iza kuvuleka incoko edityanisiweyo ngendima yomzobi. Njengoko izixhobo zisiba nobuchule obubalulekileyo bokujonga, ukuchaza, kunye nendlela yokuyila engenakutshintshwa. Umdwebo ozotywa ngesandla ungadlulisela ingcamango engacacanga kwangoko, kwaye le mifanekiso inika imodeli yekhompyutha imodeli.

Ikamva Elibini Eliyimfihlelo

Utshintsho lokwenziwa koopopayi besandla sisixhobo sobugcisa bamanani lwayixesha lokulungisa kwakhona ushishino loopopayi behlabathi, ukutshintsha impucuko, nokuguqula indlela yokuphila yabazobi abaninzi. Kodwa eli bali asilolololololo lobugqicibo obulula obungenamsebenzi. Izixhobo zobuchule zobuchule zihlala zisetyenziswa ngabafundisi, abazobini abazimeleyo, nabasebenzi bemifanekiso eshukumayo, kunye neendawo zokusebenza ezixabisa isiphiwo esibonakalayo. Amathuluzi e-amanani anciphisa unikezelo lwawo lokusebenzisa ubuchule bokuzoba nobuchule, avumela amaqela amancinane ukuba enze umsebenzi owawufuneka kumzikishicelelo wabazobi. Iimo zobugcisa ezimbini ngoku zihlala zihleli kunye, kwaye zidityaniza ukuze zivelise izityebi, amava abonakalayo angenakufumaneka kuphela. Njengoko ezoshishino zihamba zihambelana ixesha lokuzenzela ixesha lokwenene kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-ISCON, inyani enyani isala kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezobugcisa, xa ezinye ii-pinethi zexesha elizayo ze-pine.