Ukunyamezela KweYeriko Nentsomi Yedinga Elingenakufikeleleka

Ibinzana elithi “Iprojecten Hanland” livuselela ulwazeleko lwendawo edidayo: iparadisi eqinisekisiweyo kodwa engapheliyo, ingcwele ezibonakalisa ukuba yeyoloyiso. Zimbalwa imiqondiso yamandulo ethatha olu xinezeleko ngokugqibeleleyo kunodonga lwaseYeriko. Iminyaka eliwaka, iinqaba zesixeko ziye zangqinelana nokulangazelela kwabantu ukhuseleko, ukukholisa kobuthixo, nelizwe lalo elipheleleyo. Kodwa ibali leYeriko leYeriko alingololololololoyiso; libali elingeludonga esilumisayo, izithembiso esiziphembelela kuzo, kwaye iintso esizakha sivakalise ukucinga into engenakufikeleleka. Oku kungena kubunzulu kwimbali, ebuBhayibhili, nezithethe zelizwe laseYeriko, ukuyiqonda indlela eyaba ngayo imfumba yodwa kakhulu yemeko yabantu.

Imeko Yembali YeYeriko: Isixeko Esidala Kunenkumbulo

Ukuze siqonde ezi ntsomi, kufuneka siqale silwe neYayile yakudala. Le ndawo ikwiNtlambo yeYordan kumntla woLwandle Olufileyo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo ingummandla welizwe elidala kunayo yonke imiweyo, onobungqina bokusebenza ngokunqamlezileyo emva kwe-Epipaleolithic malunga newaka le-BCE. Impondo ekufuphi yeYeriko iguqule iYeriko yaba yindawo efihlakeleyo kwindawo enzima ekwintlango enzima, itsala abaququzeli-othe batshintshela kubomi bezolimo. I-Yeriko, ivela kwithuba lokuqala lokuhlola abantu: inqaba enkulu yeAin eyaziwa nge 8000 B000/incolty kwisakhiwo esinesaziwayo esikwindawo ebanzi esikwindawo entle yoluntu, ifuna ukusetyenziswa okanye isithethe sesithethe sendlela yokuziindlela yokuzikhusela i-Biblic.

Uphando lwengcaciso yezinto zakudala uKathleen Kenyon ngomnyaka wama-1950 lwatyhila udonga oluntsonkothileyo lwedonga lodaka, inqaba, kunye nendawo yokuhlala. Ezona zidumileyo kwezi nqaba, isakhiwo esinxulumene nesixeko esikhankanywe kwiNcwadi kaJoshua, siquka udonga oluphindwe kabini olunendawo esezantsi kunye nodonga oluphezulu oluphezulu oluneendonga ezintandathu. Nangona intsalela yomgama kunye nomonakalo zisaqhubeka ziphikisana kakhulu phakathi kwabaphengululi (ingxoxo eqhubekayo kwi [Brinica] ehambayo eYeriko [[FLD]]]]) [iglathiwe], ingxelo yabavubuku iqinisekisa isixeko sokunyamezela okungazethusayo: unyanze, ushiywe, ushiywe, ushelwe, yaye lwakhiwe ngezihlandlo ezininzi. Le mijinga yezityalo esele injalo, apho iin-Rondo ihlala ikhuselekile.

Ingxelo YeBhayibhile: Amaxilongo, Ukholo Nokuwa Kwesiphazamiso

Ingxelo eyathi yayikrola iYeriko yaya eNtshona ivela kwiNcwadi kaYoshuwa, isahluko 5 neso 6. Njengoko amaSirayeli, ekhululwe ebukhobokeni baseYiputa, emi kumnyango weKanan, iYeriko sisixeko sokuqala samaKanan esikhulu amele ajonge kuso. Amasango ayo atshixelwe “ngenxa yamaSirayeli; akukho namnye ophumayo, engekho." Okulandelayo yingxelo yemfazwe ewiswayo egatya imfazwe ekwala isithethe: iintsuku ezintandathu, umkhosi kaYoshuwa ujikeleza isixeko esothe cwaka, ukhokelwe ngababingeleli bephethe iArk yoMvume, bephethe i-Shofar. Ngosuku lwesixhenxe, bajikeleza isixeko esisixhenxe. Kwigophetho lokugqibela, uYoshuwa uyayalela abantu, kwaye uyawa umkhosi wesixeko.

Intsingiselo yale ngxelo asiyoyoynjineli yokwakha kodwa yimbonakaliso yonqulo. Ukuwa kodonga kuphoswa ngokupheleleyo njengongenelelo lobuthixo − umvuzo wokuthobela ngokungagungqiyo, uphawu lokuba uThixo kaSirayeli ulwela abantu bakhe, kunye nesithethe sokudlula kwilizwe ledinga. Iziqalelo ezingundoqo ```````````Iziqhamo''' zokuphumelela''. Kodwa nakumbhalo weBhayibhile, inani elisixhenxe elifuzisela ukugqibeka okupheleleyo, ukuvalwa kweTyeka enguMbingeleko njengoThixo, kunye nentshabala epheleleyo (uphahla) olunikelwe kuThixo , iYeriko, ingumzekelo ongundoqo wemfazwe epheleleyo. Kodwa kwanakubhalwa kweBhayibhile, isithembiso sihlala sinzima: ukusukela ukuvalwa kweAka ka-Akan, ukupheliswa ngokukhawuleza, ukupheliswa kwelizwe elipheleleyo. Ilizwe elithenjisiwe, alizange liguqukelwe lisebenze naphakade.

Ukwahlula Ilizwe Elingekafiki: Xa Ilizwe Lobisi Noju Liba Ngumsinga

Ibinzana elithi “IProfiding Neverland” likuguqulelwa kwangabom kwesithembiso seBhayibhile. KuSirayeli wamandulo, iKanan yachazwa njengelizwe“ elibaleka ubisi nobusi” "indawo ephuphumayo, ukuphumla, kunye nenkoliseko yobuthixo. Kodwa ingxelo yembali neyombhalo ibonisa ukuba eli dinga lasoloko lisongelwe. Kwanasemva kokuba iingxelo zoloyiso, amaSirayeli alwanomsebenzi ongaphelelanga, ingxabano yangaphakathi, kunye nokuvela kokumkani othe ekugqibeleni waqutyulwa. “intengiselwano” yayibotshelelwe ekuthobeleni, isenza ingabi nakufezeka. Kwiinkulungwane, ilizwe ngokwalo, likhuphiswa, kwaye lalahleka kumaxesha.

Lo mgaqo uvakala kwisizukulwana ngasinye: iparadisi ethenjisiweyo eyathi yakha yabanjwa, ityhila iindonga ezintsha ukuba zidiliziwe. Ngalo ndlela ibali lase Yeriko lisebenza njengentsomi epheleleyo. Iindonga zimela imiqobo eyahlula abantu ephupheni labo, kodwa kwakhona inkohliso yokuba uqobo oludityanisiweyo lungavumelanga ukuba umntu afumane ibala elitsha. Ilizwe ledinga, njengelizwe elingekhoyo lika J.M. Imbono kaBarrie, yindawo ekhoyo ngokuyintloko ekulangazelelweni kwe-(indawo ebonakala ihamba phambili. Udonga lwaseYeriko, ngoko, aliyiyo nje indawo yakudala engenakuthintelwa. Lilizwe elingumqobo elikwikamva elingenakuze lifunyazwe ngokupheleleyo.

IiNtsomi Neentsomi: Izixhobo Ezinamandla Zesixeko Esasoyiswayo

Kwiinkulungwane ezidluleyo, ingxelo yeBhayibhile iye yahonjiswa ngentsomi entle ekwathi ithetha ngakumbi ngemeko yeli sixeko. Isithethe sabefundisi, esiqulunqwe kwiTalmud neMidrash, songeza iinkcukacha: iindonga zazisithi zinkulu kangangokuba ububanzi bazo babufana nobude bazo — nto leyo eyayithetha ukubethelelwa kokusetyenziswa kommangaliso. Zimbi iinganekwane zithi iintsuku ezintandathu zokuhamba zabangela ukuba iindonga zitshone ngokuthe ngcembe emhlabeni, de kube lusuku lwesixhenxe zinyamalele ngokupheleleyo. Ezinye izithethe zazithetha ngooonogada abanamandla: uRahabhi, umfazi waseKanan owayekhusela iintlola, waba ngumfuziselo ongo zazaza kubuKristu kamva nakumaSilamzi, indlu yakhe eyayiphethulwe emoyeni ngoxa iindo zakhe zaziqhekekile.

Isithethe samaSilamsi, nangona singaquki ingxelo yoloyiso, iYeriko ihlala njengendawo enentsingiselo yesiprofeto, maxa wambi idibanisa iMisa (uMoses) kunye nendawo ebanzi yeNtlambo yeJordan. Izinto ezafunyanwa ngabembi bezinto zakudala zaqhubeka zikhuthaza iintsomi ezithandwayo. Kwinkulungwane yama-20, uJohn Garstang umvuzi wezinto zakudala waqala ukucebisa ukutshabalalisa ummandla welixande lwe-1400 BCE, kubonakala ngathi ulungqina ukuba ucango lukaYoshuwa “ngonyaka kancinci, okanye umhla kaKenyo, owathi wakubamba ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-1550 BCE, umsantsalo owabangela impikiswano phakathi kwabafundi abaphambili nabavumileyo. Lo mfanekiso wenzululwazi uthe waba yinxalenye yentsomi: udongalo oluthe ngqo lwexesha lokuzibhiyo okanye ixhoba lokuhlaziya kwembali. Ezikothobolomo zezo zinto ezibhalwe kwiNuni zenziwe ngokwemeko.[5]

Ukwakhiwa Kwenkumbulo: Iindonga Kwizithethe Eziqhelekileyo Nokuqokelela

Udonga lwaseYeriko kudala lwasinda kwimida yemibhalo egcwele uthuli yezinto zakudala kunye nezifundo zesikolo seCawa. Umfanekiso walo ujoliswe njengesifaniso esikwisithintelo esibonakala singenakushenxiswa `````````Aumomoal''''',' okanye sezobupolitika'. Kuncwadi, uFranz Kafka' uhlola ubunzima bengqondo bolwakhiwo olubalulekileyo kunye nesithembiso sokugqibeka, umzala osisizalwana oya eYeriko. Kumculo, i-Afrika-American [[FLT: 0] [JUshua Fit Imfazwe yeYeriko[FLT:]]” yaguqula ingxelo yeBhayibhile yaba ngumhobeko wekhowudi yenkululeko nenkquluko, iminxebo yayo engqungquzelisayo kunye nomkhosi we-ondolo oluthi oluthiyo oluthiyo lwenkqandayo.

Ibhanoni yale mihla, nayo, ibole umdweliso. Iifilimu ezisuka kwiintloko zeBhayibhile ukuya kwiinkqubo zenzululwazi ezibonisa abaxhasi abajikeleza iinqaba ezingenakungena, ukuvuthela iimpondo zemvukelo, nokubukela ezibonakala zingapheliyo ziwohloka ngenxa yesenzo sokholo. Ukuthandwa kwe-amente ne-maniga. Kulo ludwe, udonga oluthi lufihle imisebenzi yenkedama, kodwa injongo yalo igcine abantwana ngaphakathi, ingabakhuseli. Ukonakalisa okubangelwa kukuchanabeka kwenkcathazo apho “intentelo" kuthe ngeyona ndlela ithile. Kulo, udonga olugcina imisebenzi yenke efana nesixeko esinoxolo, kodwa injongo yayo ikukugcina abantwana bengena ngaphakathi, ukuhlasela. [indlela ekwakusetyenziswa kuyo iYeriko]

Izifundo Zemfundo Nezobulumko: Ukufundisa Ngendawo Ebizwa Ngayo EYeriko

Kubafundisi - ntsapho, iYeriko liyincwadi elisetyenziswayo kwizifundo ezidityanisiweyo. Inxuwa elinye labavubukuli linokuqalisa ingxubusho kwimbali, kwizifundo zonqulo, kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha, nakwinzululwazi yengqondo. Abafundi banokucelw ’ umngeni ngolwalamano oluphakathi kwentsomi nembali: Ngaba ibali linokuba linzulu kakhulu ngokonqulo nangokwembali? Lisifundisa ntoni ingqokelela yentshabalaliso eninzi ngokutolika ubungqina? Udonga luba ngumzekelo wokuhlolisisa indlela ibutho labantu elikhumbula noloyisokomele ngayo iziganeko zendalo.

Ngokuphicotha, eli bali lincina imilinganiselo yokuziphatha yemfazwe engcwele kunye nengcamango yokuba “inyulwe” abantu banelungelo lokufumana ilizwe. Intshabalalo epheleleyo yabo bonke ubomi eYeriko(iyinto ephazamisa kakhulu enyanzela abafundi bale mihla ukuba bamelane nogonyamelo olukhoyo kwidinga lelizwe elithenjisiweyo. Oku kungahambi kakuhle kuthintela ukuba imbali ingaba yintsomi elula. Endaweni yoko, ivula isithuba sokuxubusha indlela imibono ecacileyo enokuba yiyo ebangela ngayo imfazwe, nendlela “iSivumelwano seqela elinye” esisoloko siba yintlekele ngayo kwenye imimandla. Ngokuhlolisisa ezi ziqwengako, abafundi bafunda ukuba ezona ntsomi zinamandla aziphenduli lula, kodwa ezo zithetha ukuvumisa iphulo lobukhozo.

Imibono Yanamhlanje: Ziziphi Iindonga Esihamba Sizijikeleza Namhlanje?

Udonga lwaseYeriko asilosahlulo nje lwamandulo; sisisifaniso esiphilayo senkulungwane yama-21. Sisakha iindonga zokwenza imiqobo phakathi kweentlanga, iindonga zengqondo ezijikeleze indalo yethu, kunye neendonga ezixhasa ukungalingani. Imodeli yeYeriko ichaza ukuba ezo nqaba, nokuba zoyike kangakanani, azinakuhlala zihleli. Kodwa ikwalumkisa ukuba isenzo sokuwisa udonga asiyiveli ngoko nangoko iparadisi. AmaSirayeli angena eYeriko afumana nje ucelomngeni olutsha; imfumba yesixeko yayimela ukuntsonkotha okungapheli kwelizwe elibizwa ngokuba liLizwe Lesithembiso.

Abaxhasi bezi mini baye basebenzisa ibali laseYeriko ukukhuthaza ukuxhathisa okungenabundlobongela, befaka intsebenziswano njengendlela yokuhamba ejikeleze izakhiwo ezingekho sikweni de zidibane phantsi kwengcinezelo yokuziphatha. Kwinkqubela-phambili yabo, abantu bathetha ngolu “Jericho udonga loloyiko” njengemiqobo yangaphakathi yoloyiko okanye unxunguphalo emele ijongwe ngengxubusho yelizwe elithenjisiweyo. Isibheno esihlalayo sikwintyelelo yoluntu, elikhoyo likwixesha lokukhwaza, kodwa alikho ngenxa yokuba umkhosi othe gqiza olukhoyo: ithemba, ukuxakeka, ukungquzula, ukudisana nokuvuka.

Udonga Olumayo, Idinga Elitshintshatshintshayo

Ekugqibeleni, uDonga lwaseYeriko alunyamezeleki kuba luwile, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ibali lalo alifuni ukuvalwa ngenkcazelo enye. Kungoko liyingxaki yabembi bezinto zakudala, imbombo yemfundo yakudala, iglokhwe, kunye nentelekelelo enzulu yobuqu. “IPromentent Neverland” yesibizo asikokulahlwa kwethemba ngokungenathemba, kodwa ukuvunywa ukuba ezona zithembiso zinzulu ziimaphu, hayi iziphelo. Iindonga zeYeriko zisenokuba zidilisile ngokukhwaza kunye, kodwa isixeko saphinda savuka ngentsomi, kwaye kwiingqondo zabo bonke abaye bakholelwa ukuba umqobo ungaziziswa phantsi kwaye ihlabathi elitsha.

Njengoko sihamba kumazwe ethu esiwathembisileyo, eli bali lisikhumbuza ukuba singabuzi nje kuphela ukuba ziziphi iindonga esimele sizidilize, kodwa nokuba luhlobo luni lwelizwe olungaphaya kwazo. Isithembiso, ngapha koko, asisosisipho esizinzileyo; lulwalamano olumele luhlaziywe kuzo zonke isizukulwana. Ngoko ke, uDonga lwaseYeriko, alupheli. Lisiqalo /h] Sifuzisela imeko yomntu, simi eme eme eme eme emephini embalini nasengqondweni, sinyanzele ukuba sihambe sihambe siphakamise amaphimbo ethu, kwanakuba isithembiso sibonakala singafiki ngonaphakade.