Zimbalwa izizwe ezikwintsomi yaseJapan eziyalela ngomdla ofana noYato Clan — igama elibangela imifanekiso yamajoni angenasiphelo, izifungo ezingaphumiyo, nokusukela imbeko. Ibali labo lidlula kwimbali enzima; lisenza ukucamngca okunzulu ngenkokhelo phantsi komlilo, amaqhina angenakugungqiswa, ukuzimisela okungaguquguqukiyo komntu ukuhlawulelwa, kwaye lilandela ulawulo lwalo olunamandla. Lisekelwe kwimida eguquguqukayo kunye negazi elingaphucuthiweyo lemfazwe yeJapan, iYato i-iato exonxwe kwimfazwe engapheliyo nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Oku kuhlola oku kubonisa ukuba isiseko sembali, ukuchasana nokunamandla, kwaye kulandela amalungu alo kwimibhobho emnyama yokusitha, ukuchana kwendlela yokucanyanisa, isizathu sokuchana kweya kwakudala nokulwa kwezanyanisa.

Imvelaphi YeYato Clan

Ukuvela kweYato Clan kudityaniswe nokungalungelelani kwexesha [[FLT: 0] lokunyakaza kwe-Sengoku, ixesha lemfazwe yamakhaya ephantse yahlula iJapan ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye15 ukuya ekuqaleni kweye-17. Ngokwemikrozo yembali kunye nezithethe zomlomo, isizwe saqala phakathi kwemida erhabaxa yommandla weCūgoku, apho iintsapho ezincinane ezihlala khona — ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba jizamu — zidityaniswe kunye ukuze zikhuseleke. Ngaphezu kwemijiko yemfazwe, ezi zixelwano-mente-mente zaqalisa ubuchule bazo bokulwa kwemfazwe kwaye zazenza zivene, ekugqibeleni zivelise i-malahle ekwibhanile egcina ibhanti enye ye-oklini ejikelezayo, kunye ne-oactlyn, ii-panethi, kunye ne-act.

Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1500, iYato yayikrolile indawo eyayineedolophana ezininzi ezinqatyisiweyo kunye nenqaba encinane ekwinduli, uYatojō. Indawo yayo elungele ukumiswa kwindlela encinci yorhwebo yabanika ithuba lokusebenzisa intsimbi ukuze bafumane izixhobo kunye nolwazi oluvela kwikomkhulu, kodwa yabenza baba lixhoba labamelwane abakhulu, abalwandileyo. Isizwe sazikhusela ezi ngozi ngokudibanisa umkhosi kunye nolawulo lobuqhinga, isoloko inxulumana nezikhulu ezinamandla ngoxa zingafuni ukulawulwa ngokupheleleyo. Esi senzo sokulinganisela sasifuna iinkokeli ezazingafunda ngeendawo zezobupolitika ezitshintshayo kwaye zithathe inyathelo elibalulekileyo, umgangatho oza kuchaza ulawulo lweYato kangangeenkulungwane.

Ungquzulwano olubhaliweyo nemikhosi enyukayo ye-Oda ne-Mōri phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-16 yavavanya ukuma kwesizwe. Kwidabi le Takasaka Pass (circa 1562), iYato i-afs yalwa nemikhosi engaphantsi kwamakhulu amathathu yalwa nemikhosi ehlaselayo iintsuku ezintathu, ithengela ixesha lokuqinisa imikhosi edibeneyo. Ezi zenzo zobundlobongela, zadlula umpuni we-Monogatari [ [iiiiintengiso], yaqinisa igama lesizwe njengeqela eliqinileyo nelibekekileyo. Ingxelo yembali, nangona ibalabalabalasele ixesha, ibalasemganelisa ikhowudi yokubambelela kwihambo enzima — umgaqo oyathi kamva unyuselwa kufutshane nomgaqo womthetho wobungcwele.

Ukhokelo KwiYato Clan

Kwincopho yebutho leYato yame i- Daimyō, inkosi yesizwe eyayinegunya elipheleleyo kodwa elinzima kakhulu ngenxa yesithethe kunye nolindelo oludibeneyo. Ngokungafaniyo namandla angathintelwayo amanye amabhosi emfazwe asebenzisayo, iYato Daimyō yayilindeleke ukuba ime ubunjani obubini beempawu ze [[FLT:] bun (ulungiso lomgaqo) kunye namandla angenakuthintelwa, (iii-martial). Oku kwakufuna ukuba inkosi ibe ligosapho lobabini ligosa elilelo liqinileyo, umhobe wesi, i-igracty, kunye nobuchule obufunekayo ukukhuthaza ingqondo njengekrele.

Isakhiwo solawulo lwesizwe sasibhekisele kwibhunga labadala abagcina iintambo, i-[FLT] Kashindan, eyayisebenza njengee-advis kunye nabaphathi-mikhosi. Lo mzimba wawusebenza njengokujonga iimpembo zeDaimyō, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo ezingundoqo — ezifana nezibhengezo zemfazwe, umhlaba wokuthambisa, okanye izivumelwano — zazibonakalisa imvume yobona balwandiswano. Inkqubo yakhuthaza izithethe zolawulo apho ingxubusho nengxoxo apho ithengwa, kwane nejoni eliphantsi kakhulu lamajoni lalingacela ibhunga kwibhunga lentlonelo.

Iqela eliqeqeshiweyo laliyisalathisi somphathi omkhulu weYato. Baye baphumelela kakhulu isichisei-ga, ubuchule bokufunda indawo kunye nemozulu ukuxhaphaza ubuthathaka botshaba. Iingxelo zesizwe zikhankanya inkokeli edumileyo uYato Nagakage, owathi ngowe-1583 waqalisa uhlaselo lobusuku obubi ngexesha lemvula, egquma imikhosi yakhe ngesaqhwithi kwaye iphosa utshaba olukhulu kwizixhobo zemfazwe ukuba ludibane. Ngaphandle koko, uYato Daimyō wathwala imbopheleleko enzima yokugcina imbeko yeqela kuzo zonke imicimbi. Isenzo esisodwa esiqondwa njengobugwalaldo okanye ubuqhinga singenza ukuthemba okubotshelelwe kwinkosi yabo, ukuthembeka kwabo kwaye inyanisebunyanise.

Ukuphefumlelwa, kunokuba kunikwe nje umyalelo, yayiyimali eyayigcina ilungu lomkhosi. Iinkokeli ezazilwa kunye namajoni azo, zabelana ngobunzima bazo, zaza zadakaliswa ngokuphandle lunikezelo olufunyenweyo olungekho mthetho wokulwenzayo. Olu manyano lwemvakalelo lugxininiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimbali yentelekelelo yesizwe, apho iDaimyō ichazwa “njengentliziyo empompa igazi kuzo zonke izithonga,” igxininisa ukuba ukhokelo ngokusisiseko luyisenzo sokusebenza kwiqela.

Ukunyaniseka Nobuzalwana

Ukunyaniseka kwiYato Clan yayingeyontengiselwano nje elula; yayiyikhowudi ekhoyo esekelwe kwikhowudi esoloko ifaniswa ne- cobinihidō kodwa enemiqathango eyahlukileyo yeYato ebonakalisa ukuma. Yayaziwa njenge Yato] noNyawu. (Indlela ka-Yato], [ii-'iNdlela], le khowudi igxininisa isiseko esingundoqo: ukuthembeka kwinkosi kwanangendleko yobomi bomntu, ukukhusela okuqinileyo kumhlaba wesiqhulo, kunye nemixokelelwano engenakuthinteka phakathi kwabazalwana. Le migaqo yayingenantsingiselo, yayikhuthazwe kwihambo yemihla ngemihla, kwaye isothulo somntu ngamnye sinozuko.

Ingcamango ye [[FLT: 0] ohashi-giri (ityala lokuncokola) ibonisa ubunzulu bobu buzalwana. Phambi kwephulo, amajoni ayehlanganisana ngamaqela amancinane, abelana ngewayini yelayisi namabali obuqu — uloyiko, amathemba, ukuzisola. Lo msitho wadala umnqophiso wengqondo: umntu ngamnye wayezazi iinkcukacha ezinzulu zobomi bobudlelane bakhe, ekwenza ukungcatsha okanye ubugwala obungaqondakaliyo. Xa ijoni liwe emfazweni, amaqabane akhe asondeleleneyo ayelindeleke ukuba athwale phambili, axhase intsapho yakhe aze axe izenzo zakhe kwimbutho yemidanga, umsebenzi owaguqula intlungu yaba ngumthunywa onyanzelisayo.

Iimvavanyo eziqatha zokunyaniseka zibonakala kuyo yonke iYato lore. Enye i-ostlanditold ixhalabisa umgcini welizwe uJirō, owathi, ukuze akhusele iinjongo zenkosi yakhe zemfihlo, wazivumela ukuba abanjwe aze athuthunjiswe ngaphandle kokutyhila iinkcukacha, njengokuba kwakunokwenzeka. Ukungakhululeki kwakhe kwathathwa njengento nje elula kodwa njengendlela ephakamileyo yokukhetha uhlanga lobuqu. Izenzo ezifana neso sikhuthazo, zaziqinisa inkolelo yokuba ukunyaniseka kungumandla aphilayo, uhlobo lwesiseko sokomoya esasigcina iso sohlanga luthe tyengokuba luthe tyenene xa imikhosi yangaphandle namathandabuzaza esongela ukuyitshabalalisa.

Le mpucuko yomanyano yayidlulela ngaphaya kwedabi. Ngamaxesha endlala, izizwana zazisasaza izinto ukuze kungabikho ntsapho ilambayo; kwiimbambano, abadala babeneliso elibukhali ekulondolozeni intsebenziswano kunokufuna isigwebo. Umntu wayexokozela kakhulu kwilaphu elibunjwayo elaligqalwa njengelibi elibi kakhulu kunelokufa — ukukhutshwa koluntu lukabani. I-ethos yadala uluntu olunengxwaleko enkulu, olukwaziyo ukumelana nengxwabangxwaba, olwaluza kuphelisa amaqela angenazo izitha.

Ukuzabalazela Ukuhlangulwa: Uhambo Lobuqu Nohambo Lomntu Oyedwa Noluqokelelayo

Ukuba ukunyaniseka yayilikhaka lesizwe, ukufuna ukuhlangulwa yayikukusoloko kusenziwa imposiso yomphefumlo waso. Ingxelo yeYato inxulunyaniswa neziganeko zokungaphumeleli okuyintlekele — ukukholosa okungekho mthethweni, ukungcatshana kwemilo ephakathi — nto leyo eyabangela ukuba isiko laso lihlazeke. Into ebangela ukuba lihlazo yindlela ecwangcisiweyo lokujamelana nezi zithunzi, iguqula ihlazo libe yingxaki yokuhlaziya.

Igorha elibalekayo kwimfazwe lalinokuchitha iminyaka emininzi libhadula lisenza imisebenzi ephantsi lifuna isizathu esifanelekileyo sokuba lizinikele kwaye ‘ lisuse ibala. Ibali lomchasi uKenta likhupha eli thuba emva kokudubula impelesi ngexesha lobusuku, uKenta ngokuzithandela wanikezela izixhobo zakhe kwaye wasebenza njengomsebenzi oqhelekileyo ezitalini zelizwe. Kwiminyaka elishumi, waphinda waphinda wathembana ngenkonzo yokungangxengi, ekugqibeleni wafa kwisenzo esingasemva somgada esisindisa unyana kaMeli wakhe. UKenta wafumana inte elona qhayilo lokuziphatha okuziphetheyo, efundisa ngempatho elungileyo, engazange afumane intele yoncedo, engazange ifumaneke.

Intlanga yokuhlangula yayintsonkothile ngakumbi. Xa iqela elipheleleyo phakathi kwesizwe laceba indlu ephikisanayo laza laqalisa ukunyuka kufutshane nedabi loMlambo iFushin (1612), sonke isizukulwana sajongana nonzonzonzonzonzo. Abasindi barhoxa kwingcwele yentaba ekwanti, behlulwe amazwe abo kunye nesiqu. Izizukulwana ezibini ezipheleleyo, iYato yayihlala ekuthinjweni, amaceba amancinane yaye igcina ngokugqithisileyo imbali yayo kwiBhabini lemisongo. Baphinda bawakha bawakha kwakhona ngomkhosi weYato noMichi, baseka imfundo engqongqo yomntwana ngamnye nolawulo olucacileyo apho zonke izigqibo ezinkulu zaziqhutyelwa khona esidlanga sinyelwa esidlanga siso, kodwa baphinda bafumana utshintsho olusuka balunyulo olusuka kwisizukulwana esiphambili kodwa balunyulungela ukuguquka ngoko kunyuso.

Izakhiwo Zelifa Leyato: Iinkokeli Eziphambili Nempembelelo Yazo

Ingqwalaselo yesizwe kunye nentanda-bulumko yabunjwa lulandelelwano lwamanani angaqhelekanga obomi bawo buthe bahlala busingisele kwiYato iinjongo. Yato Masagata [1490-1552], eyaziwa ngokuba yi- “Quill kunye ne-Blade,” yahlanganisa iintsapho zaseYato ezisasazekileyo ngexesha lesiphithiphithiphithi-thezeko seNanban. Imbongi yeminye yeminye i-Repute, uMasaya yayila ikhowudi yokuqala ebhaliweyo yesizwe, idityanisa imilinganiselo yobuConstanism nentlonelo yobuShinto yomda wendalo. Ulawulo lwakhe lwaqinisekisa umzekelo wokuba umsebenzi wokuqala wenkosi umkhosi kwilizwe nabantu bayo, hayi kuzuko lobuqu.

Kwinkulungwane kamva, Yato Ryupama wamelana neyure enzima yesizwe. Ukuthatha ukhokelo emva kwentlekele yoMlambo iFushin, uRyūma wayengumntwana wesizukulwana esithinjiweyo, okhuliswe elwazi kakhulu ngobugorha bobukho bookhokho besizwe. Wakwala ukulwa ngoobhontsi bookhokho bakhe, endaweni yokulandela inkqubo “yokungazinziyo” — ukwakha ubuchule bezoqoqosho ngenxa yemigodi nesilika, kwaye wakhuthaza i- ­ i-crecortment internations ngokutshintshisana ngemitshato nenkxwabo. URyūma ubuchule bokuguqulela iimpawu zesithethe kwimeko engoko yoxolo, engqina ukuba imbeko inokulinywa emasimini nasezindaweni zokusebenzela kuzo. [Foctive], njengoko kuqokelelwe i-Foctive [2] [Foctive] [3]

Amabhinqa eYato Clan angazange abhiyozelwe kodwa abaluleke ngokulinganayo aye athetha ngendlela ekhuselekileyo yamabhinqa eYato Clan abumba ngayo ingqukuva yasekhaya. Yato Shizue, umfazi we 17thquarturdamyō, wathethana ngokobuqu ngokukhuselekileyo kwabantwana bakhe kunye nobuncwane belizwe ngexesha lokungqinga ngokuhamba engaxhobiwenga kwinkampu yotshaba eneleta esekelwe kwimvelaphi eyahlukeneyo. Inkalipho kunye nobuchule bakhe bokuphendula igazi babonisa ukuba amandla ohlanga alunabo ubufana nobuntu obungabo kodwa ayengakhunjululwanga kwimpatho yesizwe.

Imfazwe Neenkqubo Zezobupolitika Ezidityanisiweyo

Umanyano lomkhosi womkhosi weYato lwalunqabile ukuhambelana noloyiso ngenxa yalo; yayikukukhula kolawulo kunye nesithethe esibalulekileyo sokuzichaza. Iindlela zemfazwe zesizwe zagxininisa ukushukuma, ubukrelekrele, nolwazi olunzulu lwendawo yazo eneentaba. AmaScouts ayezifihla njengezorhwebo okanye iimonki ezingene rhoqo kwiinkundla zotshaba, kwaye iYato yayiphakathi kwabantu bokuqala kummandla wabo ukuqesha [[FLT:] shinobi[ ngenxa yokungquzula nokulwa kwemfazwe yolwazi — isiqalo sezithethe zeninja kamva ezithenjiweyo.

Ngokwezobupolitika, iYato yahlala kwindawo ephakathi eyingozi phakathi kwe-igáparti enamandla njenge-Oda ne-Mōri. Isixhobo sabo sokusinda sasiquka kokyō-seisaku] (inkqubo yokuzibophelela), ebizwa ngegama lesidalwa esizidibanisayo kwintlanzi enkulu ngaphandle kokudliwa. Beya kuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwinkosi ephetheyo ngoxa begcina i-ankile yangaphakathi kunye nokufuna ukutshintsha amacala ukuba inkosi idembile ityala layo. Le nkqubo i-FLT, nangona maxa igxekwa njenge-erobictic, yayinxulunyaniswa kwisiseko esingqongqo somthetho: isizwana kuphela ukuba iqabane lokuqala liza onakalisa imilinganiselo engundoqo yokukhusela nentlonelo. Njengoko kubhalwe ngombhali we-18, [FLT]

Ushicilelo lwenkcubeko: IYato Clan kwiMiboniso neStotelling

Kudala emva kokuba amandla awo ezobupolitika ephelile, iYato Clan yahlala kwizithethe ezityebileyo zeJapan. UKabuki nobukraku badlala imidlalo yembali yabo echukumisayo, njengokukhulula kweKenta isala yotoli, ngokufuthi igqunywe ngumboniso webhombu kunye nesixhobo esinzulu. Kwimiboniso yeplanga, uYato ulwaluko luboniswa ngekleksirn. [FLT:]

Imidlalo yale mihla kamabonwakude kunye ne-Manga iphinde yayibuyisela kwakhona ingxelo yeYato, ngamanye amaxesha ibeka izikhundla zomkhosi njengezinto ezifihlakeleyo zakudala okanye njengeenja eziphantsi kwendlela zokulwa namagunya omkhosi onakeleyo. Ezi ngxelo, nangona zikhululekile, zingqina isibheno esingundoqo semixholo yeYato: abantu abaqhelekileyo ababotshiwe yimithetho engaqhelekanga, abazama ukufumana okona kulungileyo phakathi kogonyamelo nokuziphatha okungacacanga. Abaphengululi benkcubeko eJapan baphawula ukuba iYato expelg ichaza "[[FLT:] Ginō j" [ig] syst" — ukuxabana okuqhelekileyo phakathi komsebenzi kunye nokuvakalelwa ngabantu — besenza izithuthi ezifanelekileyo zokuhlola iimvakalelo.

Izifundo Ezingapheliyo KwiYato Clan

Nangona iYato yembali ingasawabambi amazwe okanye imikhosi yemikhosi elawulayo, umzekelo wayo wokhokelo kunye nebutho labantu unika ingqiqo ehlala ihleli. Ukunyanzelisa kwesizwe ukuba igunya lithotyelwe ngesiluleko, ukuba ukunyaniseka kulandelwe ngenkathalo yokwenene, kwaye oko kulandelwa kukungalungisi okusebenzayo, okudibeneyo, kuthetha ngqo kwimibutho yanamhlanje. Amashishini, amaziko emfundo, kunye namaqela oluntu onke angafumana kwiplani yeYato yokhokelo lwamakhoboka, apho intlalo-ntle yabo bonke isoloko iphazamisana ukuziphakamisa.

Inkqubo yesihlengo yeYato, ingakumbi, iyachukumisa kwixesha elidla ngokulahla abo bakhutyekiswayo. Ngokulungiselela iindlela zokubuyiselwa — kungengandlela yokucela uxolo ngaphandle kodwa ngomgudu oqhubekayo, obonakalayo — isizwe sadala isithethe apho iimpazamo zinokuba ngamatye anyathelekayo kunokuba zibe zizinto ezisisigxina. Ingcamango yokuhlangula ngokwesizukulwana, apho ihlazo labazali lihlanjululwayo ngenxa yehambo ebekekileyo yabantwana, ibethelela imbono ende yokuziphendulela kwibutho labantu lanamhlanje elisoloko lingenayo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukudibanisa ubugcisa nemfundo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kwisiseko sobomi bemihla ngemihla kubonisa indlela yokuqonda inkqubela yomntu. IYato yaqonda ukuba igorha elikwaziyo ukuqamba i-haku, lixabisa ivumba elibukhali leentyantyambo ezimandundu, lize licinge ngokufa kwalo lalilungelelene ngakumbi — kwaye ekugqibeleni linamandla ngakumbi — ukhuselo kunomatshini nje wokubulala. Le ndlela yokuzingela ukukhula komntu lingunobuchule obunamandla bokuphelisa impumelelo.

Ibali leYato Clan ekugqibeleni sisipili esijongene nokulwa kwethu negunya, ukuba singoowethu, nemfuneko yokuchacha kwihlazo. Ngokuhlolisisa uhambo lwazo lwembali, sifumana iqula elinzulu lobulumko ngendlela abantu abanokunyamezela ngayo ingqibelelo nendlela abanokuvuka ngayo. Ilifa labo alithethi ngokufezeka okungenakufikeleleka; livakalisa ukungafezeki okungagungqiyo, ukhetho lwamihla le lokuvumelanisa izenzo nemilinganiselo, kunye nomsonto onganqamkiyo odibanisa imbeko yesinye isizukulwana.