Simulcumenting − ikhupha isiganeko esinye esiphilayo kwiziganeko ezininzi ngexesha elinye(iye yaba sisixhobo esisetyenziswayo kubasasazisi abakhangela ukwandisa ulwandiso. Kodwa impumelelo yesazulu esitshasi esikwimeko ezininzi azicingi de yonakalise amava: ukulibaziseka. Lo msantsa phakathi kwesenzo esiphilayo noko kubonakala kwikhusi kungathi kuncinane ephepheni, ukanti iyakwazi ukushwabana nomlingo oqhelekileyo owenza uhlale ukhululekile. Xa iqonga lihamba imizuzwana embalwa nje emva komnye, ithetho lwemiba livuleka ngamaxhoba okuphanga, amagumbi okuxoxa angenamandla, kunye neqela “eliphila” iyakwazi indlela ezibonakala ngayo zibaleka, indlela ababukeli, nendlela abanokuzenza ngayo izinto ababukeli, kwaye okunokuthi balwe ngayo ukuba balwe ngokungafuni nto. Xa omnye umgangatho ukhuthane kungabikho nabani nabani nabani nabani nabani na othandwayo.

Yintoni Ebangela Ukuzila Kulibaziseke Yaye Kutheni Kubalulekile?

Ulibaziseko lwetsheyina losasazo, oludla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi- ladyncy, lixesha elipheleleyo elithathayo lophawu lwevidiyo ukusuka kwikhamera ukuya kwisikrini sesibonisi. Kwihlabathi elifanelekileyo, ipetroli inokuba zero. Isimbo ngasinye setsheyina losasazo sidibanisa intwana yeseko-mphini: unxulumaniso, isipakishi, ukudluliswa, usasazo lwenethwekhi yomxholo (CDN), kunye nokususwa kokuphela kwesixhobo. Isixa sezi micropu ezincinci zinokufikelela kwi 15 ukuya ku 45 semizuzwana edlulileyo (okanye) ngaphezulu kwemisinga ekhoyo ye-HTTPhn.

Kusimpuku, ingxaki iphinda-phinda. iqonga ngalinye lendawo lingaqhuba imvelaphi enye ityiswe ngeyalo izibonelelo, ingenisa ukulibaziseka okuncinane. Umbonisi kuYouTube Live ungaba yi 10 imizuzwana emva kwexesha lokwenene, ngelixa umhlobo ku- Twch isemva kwemizuzwana emine. Ukungahambelani kwengqiqo yomzuzu omnye, nto leyo etsala abaphulaphuli ukuba baphile iziganeko. Uphando lubonisa rhoqo ukuba xa emva kwexesha lingaphaya kwemizuzu eli-15, ukubhalisa ixesha elichithwayo, ukuthatha inxaxheba, nokudlelana nabanye ngomsindo wonke. Ngokufutshane, ukulibaziseka akuyiyo nje ingcacilo yobugcisa.

Ubuchule bokulibazisa komsinga

Ukuthambeka, kufuneka kuqala uqonde iigiyeri ezivelisayo. Olu hambo luqala ngophawu lwekhamera oluqhagamshelwe kwifomati exineneyo efana ne H.264 okanye H.65. Ukuzibophelela ngokwako kongeza ulibaziseko oluncinci kodwa olungaphephekiyo, ingakumbi imizuzwana embalwa, xa ukulingana okuphezulu kwe-4Kapage kubandakanya. Umsinga oxineneyo ubekwa kwimiqadi emincinci qhanyana encinci qhakuvalwayo njenge HLS okanye H.[2] Umgca ngamnye osekelwe kwi-HTTPPHN. Isiqanda ngasinye kufuneka siveliswe ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba sithunyelwe, nto leyo engenisa ubuncinane ngexesha lokusebenza kweseko.

Xa isiqa sibetha i CDN, umdlalo utshintsha. Umgama we-gographic phakathi komncedisi wesiqalo nomboniseli wongeza ixesha lokudluliswa. Umboniseli eTokyo ebukela umsinga ovela eNew York ngokuqinisekileyo uzakubona ukulibaziseka okude kunomntu waseNew Jersey, kuba nje ukukhanya kunakho ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphezulu koko, isixhobo sombonisi kufuneka sigcine umlinganiselo othile wogcino-lwazi ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe, ukongeza omnye umaleko wokulibaziseko ukunqanda ukunqanda ukunqanda. Zonke ezi ndawo zishukuma zichaza isizathu sokuba “ukuphila” kusoloko kuphila.

Igcina ithutyana

Kubalulekile ukwahlula iingcamango ezimbini ababukeli abasoloko bedityaniswa: ukuvala isigcini sexesha kunye nesiphelo i-gtotóend readnccy. Uthutyana luyenzeka xa umdlali ophambili efaka imizuzwana embalwa yevidiyo ukugudisa i-hiccups zomnatha; okokuqala ukuvala isantya esibonakalayo kodwa kwakhona kukhusela umsinga ekushicileleni kwiqondo lobushushu emva kwexesha. Ukufika kwexesha lilonke ukusukela ekuboniseni, kuquka yonke inkqubo, usasazo, kunye nesigcini sethutyana somdlali esiphezulu. Umsinga onochukuno olunzima unokuba nolibaziseko oluphezulu kodwa uphazanyiso olusezantsi, ngexa umsinga osezantsi ungenabungozi kakhulu kwimixokelelwano olungashukumiyo. Ukufumana urhwebo olulungileyo lwe-sliff yeyona mingeni ekwi-ulticast.

Impembelelo Engqondweni Yokulibazisa Kumboniseli

Phila umxholo uxhaphakile kwisithembiso se-immedia. Xa ababukeli bebona iziganeko zityhilwa ngexesha elinye nanjengoko amawaka abanye, bafaka amandla angakumbi ngokweemvakalelo. / bavuya, batsala, basebenza kunye. Ufundo olupapashwe yi Limelight Networks (] Imotement of Online Vidiyo 2023) lutyhila ukuba phantse i 40% yababukeli abaphilayo base-6 banokulahla usasazo ukuba ukulibazisa “kungabonwa".

Ukukhukuliseka kombutho kubonakalisa ngeendlela ezininzi. Incoko, enye yezixhobo ezinamandla zokwakha uluntu, iyaphuka. Ukuba incoko yakho yomsinga ibonisa indlela yokusabela kwimizuzwana engama-30 edlulileyo, nabani na obukele ukutya okukhawulezayo sele eqhubekekile. Ii-polls, iimibuzo ezisebenzisanayo, kunye nexesha lenyani le-Q& Sowunke iphelelwa ngamandla. Isiphumo sikukubukela okungacaciyo okufana noko kuqulethwe ngu-651d /-minus ukunyaniseka kwabaphulaphuli okwenza ukuba iprojekthi ibaluleke kangaka kubabhengezi.

I- “Spoiler Dilemma” nesesibini

Unyuko lwesibini lwesimilo sekhusi luguqulele umva wexesha elidlulileyo kwimatshini yokuphanga. Aba Fan badla ngokukhangela u-TikTok, okanye i-app enikezelweyo yemidlalo ngexesha bebukele isiganeko esiphilayo. Ukuba izibalo ezisemthethweni zekhompyutha zihlaziya imizuzwana emibini emva komdlalo, kodwa umsinga wesicukucelo awukhange ubonise ukuphanga. “le ngxaki ye-piler" sisizathu esikhulu sokuba ababukeli abangazithembanga ngqayi bemijelo ephezulu. Ukuchaphazanyiswa ngokuphindiweyo kukhokelela ekudinzweni komjelo; abaphulaphuli bafunda ukufuna ukutya okukhoyo okukhawulezayo, ngokufuthi abalawuli abakwisigqebayo ngenxa yokunga, umsinga osezantsi. Intsimbi yi-temscootersss ukukhuthaza ukudinwa kotshaba olutheneyo.

Intshukumo ye Desktop 2

Uphando lwezobugcisa, kuquka iimvavanyo eziqhutywa nguWowza ( iLow à Lattency Live Homeing Guide), icebisa ukuba ukubonisela kuqale ukuyeka iziganeko ezifana nemidlalo okanye imveliso, kanye kanye emva kwexesha elidlulileyo lokunqamleza i15. Ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30, ukuhla kwesantya kukhawuleza; ababukeli abaninzi basuka nje batshintshele kwimvelaphi eyahlukileyo okanye basuse ngokupheleleyo. Ukucinezela kwemiboniso oluphezulu lwe-*scate iziganeko ezifana nemidlalo okanye imveliso, umzuzwana ngamnye wongeziwe wokulibazisa ukurhoxakeka kungaguqulela kumawaka ababukeli abakhoyo. Imbutho ezo zishiya iqonga nje kuphela.

Iintsontela kunye nedabi labo elichasene neLag: Uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo

Asizizo zonke iinguqu eziqukuqelayo ezidalwe ngokulibaziseka. U-U-Tube Live, Twtch, Facebook, Live, kunye nabatsha abatsha abatsha njenge Amazon Prime Vide bonke basebenzisa ubugcisa obahlukeneyo obuvelisa iiprojekthi ezahlukileyo kakhulu. Ukuqonda ezi mahluko kunceda abavelisi besixhobo ukuba bakhethe phi na apho banokutyalwa kwemigudu yabo.

Twitch, eyakhiwe ukusuka emhlabeni ukulungiselela ukhuphiswano, ihambisa imijelo ephakathi kwemisinga ephakathi kwemizuzwana emibini ukuya kwemihlanu xa usebenzisa indlela yayo yeLatency, ngenxa yomahluko we-HLS kunye ne CDN yomhlaba wonke. I-YouTube Live, kwelinye icala, ithe yakwazi ukushukuma ngokwembali malunga neshumi elinesihlanu ukuya kwengama-30 yemizuzwana kwimisinga esezantsi, nangona i-Prime Filife i-Ultra Low Latency" ukhetho lwayo lungazisa oko malunga nesihlanu ukuya kwimizuzwana eyi-8. I-Facebook Live ijongisa malunga ne-109 ukuya kwi-159, kodwa ukwenza izinto kuxhomekeke kwi-serverse. Okwangoku, ividiyo ye-Amazon Filime ihlala imijelo ekhoyo, exhaswa ngumvezinzinyana omkhulu, ivezwe yi-109% ukuya kwi-20%, kwi-20% yomgangatho wevidiyo ephakathi.

Kuzo i-simpucast, olu mahluko likrele elinomphetho ophindwe kabini. Imvelaphi enye yotyiso oluthunyelwa kwiqonga ezintlanu ingafika kwikhusi lababukeli nge 20presend. Ukusebenzisa amava anjalo ngoku phantse angabinako ukufumaneka ngaphandle kwecebo elidityanisiweyo lokuhambisa.

Imithetho yokuziphatha esezantsi: LLGAHLS vs zeWebRTC. SRT

Imfihlelo esemva kwale misebenzi yahlukeneyo ikwimithetho elandelwayo ejikelezayo. I-Lown à Latency HLS (LLN) ye-Apple ihlulahlula iingxenye zevidiyo zibe ziqalo ezincinane, ivumela umdlali aqale ukudlala ngaphandle kokulindela icandelo lesibini elipheleleyo lesibini. Oku kunciphisa ukulibazisa ukuhla ngemizuzwana emibini emibini ukuya kwemihlanu. I-WebRTC, yenzelwe ukudibanisa ixesha lokwenene, iyakwazi ukutyhalela phambili ngezantsi kwe 500 yemilisekondi, iyenze imigangatho yegolide yemiboniso ezithelekisayo. Kodwa, i-WebRTC ilingana elula kwimiboniso emikhulu engenazo ezigqithisileyo. I-SRT (ikhuthulo oluthembekileyo) ingumxhasi, osetyenziswa rhoqo ukuzondla (kwindawo yokuvelisa) ngenxa yokurhoxa kwe-orhoxa elisezantsi.

Kubenzi besimulcast, ukhetho lwemithetho yokuziphatha kwiqonga ngalinye luphembelela ngokunzulu amava omboniseli okugqibela. Ukuntywila okunzulu yi-media equanganayo ([[FLT: 0]] I-Low pretency Live Milleding Dilemmation) iphawula ukuba ukushenxa kwiLLLÍHLS okanye iWebRTC akusombululi nje kuphela isigqibo sobugcisa esiphezulu, esichaphazela wonke umbhobho wemveliso, ukusuka kwimimiselo ye-CDN ukuya kukhetho lweqabane le CDN.

Ingeniso: Ababhengezi, Abasebenzi, neChurn

Ukulibaziseka akubakhuthazi ababukeli kuphela. /_Iindlela zokubhengeza kunye nezixhobo zokuxhasa imodeli ezikhoyo zixhomekeke kwi-sculcusts zokwenene zexesha lesibonisi esingu-(67). I-prepreprelloll, phakathi kwe-"%roll, kunye nezibhengezo ezilayishiweyo zisetyenziswa ngexesha elithile, ngokufuthi zidityaniswa neziganeko zewotshi zokwenene okanye iincopho zabaphulaphuli. Ukuba umsinga yimizuzu engama-20 emva kwesasazisi esisemthethweni, ukulibazisela icandelo eliphilayo lingaphoswa yifestile ngokupheleleyo, liyenze ingasebenzi. Abahlawuleli abahlawula nge-636 mimetria balindele ukuba intetho yabo ibonakale xa abaphula isandi bephezulu; ukulibazisa oko kungathetha ukuba incopho ekhoyo.

Ngaphezu koko, imirhumo yeeplatfomu ezisekelwe kwi-[6] ibona uqhagamshelwano olubonakalayo phakathi kwe-lashccy kunye ne-injini. Ingxelo enikwa yiParks Associations ( IiNtetho Ezinika Iintlungu [) ifumanise ukuba “ukuxinana nokuliba" phakathi kwezizathu eziphezulu ezintathu abathengi bawucime umsebenzi wevidiyo ohlawulwayo. Kukhuphiswayo wemidlalo kwaye baphile iziganeko, umsinga olibazisa ngokuqhubekayo unganyanzela abaxhasi kwisakhiwo esisezantsi. Kwaneengthsuphene encinane ekulibaziseni izikali xa i-acine i-flo ikho.

Ukulibazisa kokuzala nokurhoxa komlambo: Izenzo ezizizo ezizizo ezizizo kubanikazi

Ukunciphisa ulibaziseko kuphinda- phindo lweqela leqela leqela lenjongo lucelomngeni olunzima kodwa olunokucinywa. Iqala ngolu cace ukuba akukho projekti enye i- . . . . . .

Ukukhetha Imithetho Yomthetho Yokungenisa Amanzi Asekunene

Ileva yokuqala kukukhetha iprotocol kwiqonga ngalinye. Ukudibanisa igalelo phakathi kwekhamera yakho kunye nenkonzo yonxulumano lwamafu. /SRTC ingasika umva wesiphelo somjelo omnye. Unikezelo lokuphelisa ababoniseli, apho ikhetha iplatfomu exhasiweyo inika inzuzo ebalulekileyo. Ukuba i- sulcast iquka izinto ezihambisanayo (ukhetho olukhoyo, uqwalaselo olusezantsi), qwalasela umbhobho we WebRTC onikezelweyo welo mjelo, nokokuba ividiyo engundoqo ihlala kumthetho ophezulu kakhulu. Isitshixo kukuvavanya ubuchule beqonga ngalinye kunye nezibalo ngoko ke; iiqonga ezininzi zobugcisa ngoku zinika oko kulungeleneyo ukuhambisa okusezantsi.

Isakhiwo kunye noMphetho wengxoxo

I- Geographicccy ilawulwa yinzululwazi yenzululwazi, kodwa ungakhohlisa kancinci ngokuhamba uqhubekeko-hamba kufuphi nabaphulaphuli. I-computing componets ezithunyelwa ngabanikezeli beCDN zinga translacode kwaye i-paneact collection edis ekwincam yenethwekhi, inqumla ixesha lokudluliswa. Ukusebenzisa ubuchule obuninzi be-STUNCN ngokukhusela imvelaphi yento enokwenzeka inganciphisa inani lee-nethwekhi phakathi komthombo kunye nombonisi. I-Simculcasts enika abasebenzi beCDN abanoneprojective sychn ekhupha izinto, njenge Akamaiveive Media Media Revery nemisebenzi esezantsi okanye imiqukuqela yendalo ekhawulezayo, inceda ababukeli phantsi kwe-5% 1% ye-Expoints preast preancy.

Ukongeza, izixhobo zokuhlola ezilandela ixesha lasemva kwiqonga ngalinye kwixesha lokwenene zikuvumela ukuba ubone ukuphambuka kwemibhobho kunye nokulungisa isantya okanye ubungakanani besiqa kwimpukane. Iinkonzo ezifana ne-Mux Data okanye iBitmovin Analytics zondla ezi metric ngqo kwimicroboard, zinika amaqela abonakalisayo afunekayo kwingxaki yokudubula phambi kokuba ababukeli bakhalaze.

Izindululo zexesha elizayo: Kufutshane neSimpulukeko yeXesha lokwenene

Ushishino luqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi apho ukuqukuqela kwe-simulcast kuyinyaniso ngethuba eliyi-196. Uphuhliso oluninzi lobugcisa lungabangela ukuba umlinganiselo wesibini we-CPM ube yinto yokwenene.

Isithembiso sika-5G noMphetho

Umqulu wenethwekhi ye 5G uthembisa ngokuphandle ngokuphandle kakhulu ukuthotywa kwenethwekhi kunye nobubanzi obuphezulu, obunceda ababukeli abahambayo − icandelo elikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu lemisinga ehlalayo . Lidityaniswe nomphetho wecomputing, apho oovimba bamafu babekwe ngokoqobo kumaziko asedolophini ukuphelisa abasebenzisi, umgama kufuneka uhambe ngokushwankathela. 5G sele uvavanywe kwibala lemidlalo [1]to23.333

Kumthetho olandelwayo ngaphambili, i-tyhalela kwiFomati Yesicelo Esiqhelekileyo (CMAF) enoqhagamshelwano olunesiqaqa esidibanisa imfumba esezantsi enqamleza amacebo. I-CMAFNN protoliking LLNS kunye ne-DAS inganikezela ngomsinga osezantsi osezantsi osuka kwii-TV ezimahle ukuya kwii-cell phone ngaphandle kokungalungi. Okwangoku, ubuchule bokwenziwa buqala ukudlala indima: iimodeli zomatshini wokufunda zingaqikelela ukuxinana kwenezelela kunye nobungakanani be-pregrate-eties esezantsi ukugcina usasazo olusezantsi, olusezantsi ngaphandle kokungena kungenelwano-mdlalo.

Njengoko obu buchwepheshe bukhula, ingcamango “yokusetyenziswa kwesazulu esingaqhelekanga” ekugqibeleni ingafumaneka. Iinkonzo ezifana ne-Phenix RealÍTime sele zibonise unikezelo lwesibini esingaphantsi kwesandi kwiziganeko ezinkulu zenyani, kwaye ukudityaniswa nezixhobo zemveliso ezikhoyo kuyaphucuka. Kwinjongo yokuba nayiphi na umvakalisi azimisele ukugcina ukuthandwa kakhulu, ukuhlala ulungelelaniso lwale miba akuyomfuneko, kukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba ixesha lokuphila alisheshi phambi kokuba abaphulaphuli bafumane ukuyibona.