Kusukela kwimizobo yakudala emqolo ukuya kwimisinga yakutshanje engqukuva, ukuchaza ngumsonto odibanisa amava omntu. Kwingxelo nganye, sifumana abasebenzi abaziva beqhelekile ngoko nangoko , igorha eliselula elikhaliphileyo, ucebisi osisilumko, umgqeba omnyama. La manani awathanjiswanga emoyeni omncinci; akhiwe kwimiboniso enzulu egqitha kwintsomi nganye. Le mifanekiso, eyaziwa njenge tropes, isebenza njengeDNA yemifuziselo yophawu olungundoqo, ibumba abaphulaphuli abakhoyo kwana noluvo lwangaphambili okanye umfanekiso wokuqala otyhiliweyo. Ukuqonda indima ye-tropes asiyo nje isifundo nje semfundo. Kuba babhali, yisitshixo sokubala iingxelo zezandla ezivakalayo kwi-vceral, kwaye kuchaza isizathu sokuba abantu abathile besazi ukuba bayazi kakuhle.

Ukuchaza Iintambo: Iibhloko Zokwakha Zesinyithi

I-trope yindibano eyaziwayo kumsebenzi wokudala `a ifomati, umxholo, okanye uhlobo lophawu oluphindaphindwayo kumabali amaninzi. Kuncwadi, kwifilimu, kumabonwakude, kwanasemendweni wevidiyo, i-trope isebenza njengohlobo lwesandla esifutshane. Xa umntu ehamba kwigumbi elinxibe umnqwazi omnyama kwaye egculela, abaphulaphuli bayaqonda ngoko nangoko ukuba basenokuba ngabasebenzisi-sixhobo sokulinganisa isantya senqanawa. Oku kuqwalaselwa ngokukhawuleza akuyo iziphumo ze-trope. Ingumsebenzi we-Troppe. [[FLT:] i-Online repotories njenge TPNFLD[[FLD:1] iveltagoagiess zamawaka ezixhobo zethu zokugcina ulwazi.

Iintambo zidla ngokudityaniswa neclichés, kodwa imibandela yomahluko. I-trope iba yi-cliché kuphela xa ibulawa ngaphandle kokucinga, incitshiselwe kwiqokobhe elingenanto lenjongo yayo yantlandlolo. Kwindlela yazo entle, i-tropes zizixhobo zokusebenza kakuhle. Ivumela umxeli ukuba ashiye ucwangciso olude aze axilonge ngqo kwimo yengqondo okanye yendlela yokuziphatha. Ukubiza uphawu “umfundisi” ngokukhawuleza uyila ulwembutho lwezinxulumani: ubulumko, ukhokelo, ukufa, kwaye ngokufuthi isipho esibalulekileyo. Abaphulaphuli bangena kwizithuba kumava abo, benza ulwalamano olunxulumene phakathi komdali nomthengi. Noko ke, oko kunokwenzeka ukuba umgangatho onjalo uyakwazi ukuvuseleleka, ukujika kweliso labaphula-ndlebe.

Amandla Ahlala Ehleli Ebukho Bubuntu

Phantsi komphandle we-tropes nganye ilele nzulu, ulwakhiwo lwakudala olunzulu. Le ngcamango, ifundwa kakhulu yingcaciso yengqondo uCarl Jung kwaye kamva yasasazwa kwingcamango yebali nguJoseph Campbell (] u-“iHero eneziphakamiso eziyinkulungwane”), ibhekisela kwingingingqi, iimpawu zentsomi ezingundoqo zomntu. Undoqo zembali azizonobumba abakhethekileyo kodwa imbonakalo enzulu yeHero, iTrickster. Jung waphikisa ngelithi la manani asuka kwiqela elizithubi, uhlobo lwelifa lengqondo elichaza isizathu sokuba amaqhawe esiGrike, amaFrentathe, ama-Atlantina, kunye nee-miefamass eenjikie.

Uhlobo olungundoqo lophawu lunemiqathango yolindelo oluvezwe ngoko ngemibhobho ekhethekileyo. Udidi lwe-Hero engundoqo lungabonakala nge-tropes efana “oKhethiweyo,”“ iReluct Hero,” okanye “iNjongo Engenamava.” Lo didi lwe-Methor e-archyer lusoloko lufika “njengendoda eGOld Olumkileyo” okanye“ i-Requality.” uhlobo lwetshebe lithatha uhlobo lwe- “Nkosi Emnyama,” i-Fallenro,” okanye “iGwaba Elingcolileyo." I-Prophini eliphakathi kwe-preadre ehlala ikho kade kunye nohlobo lwe-trope yenkculo lubangela ukuba kubekho uphawu oluphelelwe lixesha nelufike ngexesha. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-arch

  • IHero iqhuba ibali ngaphambili, lijongene nongquzulwano oluphakathi, kunye nokubingelelwa kokuthile okukhulu. Iintsontela: inkedama, ekhethiweyo, echasene nehero.
  • IMENTO: Inika ubulumko, izixhobo, kunye noqeqesho. Ngokufuthi iyafa okanye iyanduluka ukuze inyanzelise igorha lizimele. Iintambo: inkosi endala, umfundisi odityanisiweyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Isithunzi: imela ucalucalulo olumnyama lwegorha, i-astanon esoloko yabelana ngesiphene esingundoqo okanye inxeba. Imigca: isipili esimnyama, umkhohlisi ngencam.
  • [[NTL: 0] IAlly/Sidekick: inika inkxaso, isiqabu sohlazo, okanye imbonakalo eyahlukileyo. Iintambo: umhlobo onyanisekileyo, isiqabu sohlazo, isazela.
  • [[FLT: 0] ITrickster: iguqula imeko yemo, ibangela utshintsho kwisiphithiphithi, isoloko isebenza ngaphandle kwemithetho. Iintambo: ikhonya, i-comp, i-scoundrel ethandekayo.

Ubuchule bombhali buxhomekeke ekukhetheni ukuba yiyiphi iglokhwe ekufuneka ifunyanwe nayiphi na into efuna ukucel ’ umngeni, yaye abaphulaphuli basoloko bejongile indlela abanokuyichaza ngayo imiqondiso.

Indlela Amaphu Abutshintsha Ngayo Ukulindela Kwakho Ulwaneliseko

mfundi ngamnye okanye umboniseli usondela kwibali elithwele ithala leencwadi elingabonakaliyo lolwazi lwe-trope. Elithala leencwadi lakhiwe kwintsomi zokuqala abazivayo, iipoyinti abazibukelayo, kwaye zonke iincwadi ezinazo bazisebenzisayo. Xa ibali lityhila, ubuchopho bunqumla iimbonakaliso eziza kuvela kulo mzi wogcino-zincwadi. Umsebenzi oqaliswe ngelishwa kunye namandla afihlakeleyo abangela ukuba i-iatyhity me of the protooc,” kwaye abaphulaphuli-ndlebe baqalise ukuxela: Kuza kubakho ubizo, ulwamkeli, umxhasi, impikiswano yokugqibela. Uvuyo lwamabali luvele ngokuyinxenye luvunywa zezi zixelo-sl-s, utsholo oluno olwanelisayo lomculo.

Intuthuzelo Yabantu Abaqhelileyo: Isizathu Sokuba Sikwazi Ukuzenzela Imilinganiselo Efanelekileyo

I-Cogparyology icebisa ukuba ulwamkeleko lomlinganiselo wokusinda; ubuchopho bethu buneengcingo zokufuna ucwangco nokuqikelelo. Kwibali elithile, oku kuguqulela kukhuseleko lwemvakalelo. Ukubukela i-comet comet-cureep" nokubona i- trope echwayitileyo "i-tom-oyile" idlala ngokuchane ngendlela elindelekileyo. Abaphulaphuli abawubukeli umfanekiso-bhanyabhanya we- Hallmark ukuze baxakekeliseke. Endaweni yoko, bayazi kakuhle indlela yokulungisa isixeko esibuyela kwitom-tom-fu neswidi ye-love inika umsithombo opholisayo. Oku kungubuso obulungileyo be-tropes: bayanelisa intswelo enzulu yomntu yolwazi oluqinisekileyo. Bayindawo esihlala kuyo, sazi ukuba sazi ukuba sidibanise.

Ingozi Yokuthelekelela: Xa Uqhelekile Utshintsha

Uqhelano olufanayo olunokucinezela. Xa i-trope isetyenziswa ngaphandle kohlobo oludityanisiweyo, iba sisenzo esigqeba. I-adisensing ingaziva ithukile xa i-seckek iveliswa kumaqhuqhuli alula, ifela amagrack, okanye isebenza njengomatshini wokubonisa, kuba umlinganiselo ubonwa uninzi kakhulu ngaphandle kokwenza into entsha. Ukuba umqhubi wegorha ubonakala enxibe iingubo ezimhlophe kwaye ethetha ngemilamba emhlophe, kwaye abaphulaphuli bathi “kahle, uzakufa ngokusebenzisa ezimbini,” ngoko amaqhina aphezulu angokwemvakalelo ento yokuba ukufa kukhutshwe phambi kokuba bafike. Umgca phakathi komfanekiso otshayo nofileyo uyakwazi ukutshona, kwaye unqamle xa umbhali ekwimiqanda esetyenziswa kwi-trope.

Iintambo zophawu eziqhelekileyo kunye nengcambu yazo

Ukuze sibone indlela esebenza ngayo, sinokuhlolisisa ezinye zezikhonkwane ezixhaphakileyo nendlela ezifaka ngayo ngqo kwimithombo eqoliweyo. Nganye kwezi trope ithwala ipotimenti yabaphulaphuli; ukukhupha iipotimenti kutyhila amandla nobungozi bale mpahla.

  • Okhethiweyo: obekwe kuhlobo lweHero earchime, le trope ichaza uphawu olunye njengolumiselwe ukusombulula imfazwe ephakathi. Ukulindela kubandakanya ukufunyanwa kobuchule obufihliweyo, isiprofeto, kunye novavanyo lokugqibela. Xa isetyenziswe kakhulu, ingaziva njengevila elivilaphayo, isusa uphawu lweziko.
  • Ifemme Fatare: Umxube oluntsonkothileyo wesithunzi kunye nohlobo lweTrickster, le trope isebenzisa ubukhazikhazi kunye nesini njengezixhobo. Abaphulaphuli balindele imfihlelo, ukungcatsha, kwaye ngokufuthi iceba elitshayelayo okanye elonakalisayo. Iiyantlukwano zale mihla zifuna ukumbuyisela emva kwisebe lakhe kunokuba zimhlisele kwilungu lobudoda.
  • [[FLT: 0] INkulumbuso eZilumkileyo ePhakamileyo: ithenjiwe ngqo kwi-archetype kunye ne-Senex (indoda enkulu elumkileyo). Silindele ubulumko obumfihlelo, imbali yamadabi adluleyo, kunye nokuphuma kwedini. I-Purnundity iyakwazi ukujolisa kwi-partum ukuba ibinzana ngalinye liyiqhina elingenanto.
  • IAnti-Hero: Ukuguqulwa kweHero eqhelekileyo, le trope ihlala ngokungacacanga kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Abaphulaphuli balindele ingxabano yangaphakathi, iindlela ezithandabuzekayo, kunye nesokugqibela, isikhuseli esimandundu. Isibheno sikwisikroba sophawu, esibonisa into entsonkothileyo entsonkothileyo kune ngokuhlwa ekhaphukayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] IDamsel ekubandezelekeni: ngokwembali ibotshelelwe kwinzala yothando olungasebenziyo okanye i-odolo, le trope inophawu oludandathekileyo olusebenza njengentshukumisa yegosa. Ulindelo luhlangula; ukuguqukela kwale mihla kuxa intombi izihlangula ngokwayo, ingqukuva intloza i trope endala ngokupheleleyo.

Le mizekelo ibonisa umgaqo ongundoqo: xa intsika eqinileyo ingena ekhondweni layo ngaphandle kokubuza ngeli xesha, kunokwenzeka ukuba ivakalelwe njengelishwa elishiywe lidala. Kodwa, xa umbhali ekuqonda kakuhle oko abaphulaphuli bakulindeleyo kwezi mbumbulu, banokukwenza oko ngelihle kakhulu okanye bakhuphe ingcambu ngobuchule botyando.

Iqela lenjongo ethile: Ukudlala ngoNxulumaniso loMququzelelo

Umlingo wokwenene we trope ubonakala hayi xa zilandelwa, kodwa xa zijijwa. Ibrorhoos bubuchule bokubalisela apho umbali emisela ngabom indlela ecacileyo kuphela ukuyophula, ukwenza ummangaliso, okanye intsingiselo enzulu. Isiphumo sixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kulwazi lwabaphulaphuli lwe trope. Ngaphandle komlinganiselo obekwe kakuhle, ukuphambuka akunaso isohlwayo. Umzekelo wodidi uqala kuGeorge R.R. “Umdlalo kaThrones,” xa igosa elicacileyo, Ned Stark, liphunyezwa ngoko nangoko. Ubali lonke luxhomekeke kwilindelo lobugosamela lobuzwi bolo lwangoku; ukufa kwakhe okuqhutywayo yi-troppe kunye nophawu olusebenzayo phantsi kwemithetho eyahlukileyo.

Xa iiherosi zingaphumeleli: Ihero echaseneyo nesaphuko

Igosa elilindeleke ukuba ligcine olu suku lelinye lamagcisa amadala. Ukuyivala kuthetha ukuvumela iqhawe ukuba lisilele ngeshwangusha, okanye lide libe ligwele. Iifilimu ezifana ne “Agamen” kunye no-“Ukuhamba Ngengozi” zakhela zonke ii--arhente zalo kolu tshintsho. UWalter White uqala njengendoda enovelwano, ecinezelweyo. . . . . .injongo yokuqala yabaphulaphuli yokukhulula inqanawe isuka kwinkwili iphela, iqala ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezithetha ukuba igosa.

Umthengisi: Ukwahlukana Nentembelo

Zimbalwa ii-tropes ezingcwele njengomcebisi. Xa umcebisi ejika enokuba ngumxhasi, impembelelo enzulu ngokweemvakalelo ngenxa yokuba umzekelo wokuthembana usekelwe ngokupheleleyo. Kwi- “Star Imfazwe: i-Tysted Jedi,” Luke Skyswaker, igorha elibalulekileyo lesizukulwana sangaphambili, ekuqaleni liyalandula indima yomncedisi, kwaye xa ekugqibeleni engenela, iyindlela elulaza ukulingela ukulindela okubalaseleyo. Ngexa ingeyontshaba, ikrwada iphazamisa i-trope yenkosi esoloko ilungile, ikhuthaza igosantsonka-* kwaye abaphulaphuli bafumana amandla ngaphandle kokuqiniseka kwakudala.

Idama Elingunobangela Wokuhlangulwa Kwakhe

Mhlawumbi akukho trope iguquke kakhulu kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje kuneDamsel kwidamsel yoxinezeleko. Iingxelo zangoku zisoloko zichaza uphawu olubonakala lungenakuzinceda njengalowo ebezisoloko etsala ngokufihlakeleyo iintambo okanye ofumana amandla akhe. IiFilim ezifana ne “Tangled” kunye no-“Frozen” zitshintsha i-trope phantse ngokulandelelana kwemibhalo, kunye nabasebenzi abavuma ubugqwetha bokulinda inkosana baze bathathe inyathelo. Olu hlobo lokuguqulela ngokufihlakeleyo alumangalisi nje kuphela kodwa lulungisa nokungalingani kwengxelo, lunika umbono opheleleyo weziko lweziko.

Indaleko Yenkcubeko Yeenkokeli

Iintambo aziqotywanga ngamatye. Zizinto zenkcubeko eziphilayo eziphefumlayo neziphazamisana nesizukulwana ngasinye esitsha sababali bebali. I Tropes zentlekele yase-Athene asiyo zixhobo ze French New Wave media, kanye njengokuba ii-tropes zonyaka ka-1950 zahluke kakhulu kwezo zanamhlanje eziqukuqelayo. Le ndaleko iqhutywa ngokutshintsha izithethe zentlalo, ukuphaphela kwezobupolitika, nokuqonda okukhulayo ngendlela imbonakalo ye-media. Xa i-trope idia idityaniswa ne-state prothem eyingozi, ijongeka kakuhle kwaye ihlaziswe kakuhle.

I- “Damsel in Dipression” ngokomzekelo, iye yagxekwa kamashumi eminyaka njengendlela yokuphinda ijongeke njengendlela yokunganyani kwamabhinqa. Ukubuyiselwa kwayo ngokuthe ngcembe nge-“Synvont Lead” i-trope ekuqaleni inika ulungiso, nangona kwanalo gqape entsha inokuba yi-grain-dimensionfinity profere ejongene nomothezekileyo. Ngokufanayo, “uMhlobo Olungileyo” ugqatsolo-" kwimilo ye-fiva esetyenziswa iminyaka emininzi njenge-stesystekkick engenabomi, indlela esetyenziswayo ebanzi, engathi i-LGBT+ iimpawu eziphakathi kwi-TV. I-BYYGy Gay" ngokunjalo, ekwaye i- trope, apho abasebenzi bayo abasebenzi benziwa ngokufuzenziswayo, baye babizwa ngokuba ngabaphula-mayenzi abaphula-mayenzi abaninzi. I-BM-ogrogggrogggggs, exhooggs, exhoog, exhoogg

Ukusuka kwi Mida ukuya kwiZiko: Udidi lweArce

Njengokuba impucuko ikhula, i-archetypes kunye ne-trope ezikhoyo kubabhali. IHero ayiseyo yindoda ethe ngqo, emhlophe, ekwaziyo ukuphuma kwisizukulwana sangaphambili. Igosa eliququkileyo linokuba yintsha ekwishumi elivisayo ehamba ngenqanawa yamva kwendalo, igorha elisisiThulu elikhokela imvukelo, okanye umcuphi wamanzikazi wase-Asia ocandayo ocaphula uzungu lwethanga. Oku kutshintsha akusawiswa lude lwesiseko sohlobo lwamaqothanga; bayandisa. Uhambo lwakhe luhlala lungadibeki, kodwa amagama e-tropea adla ngokuzibhenela abantu abazibona bengabonwayo njengemifanekiso ephakathi ekugqibeleni ukuze babone ukuboniswa kwabo kwisibuko sobucuku. Oku kunyusa zonke iimbono zendalo, njengoko kuzisa iinjongo ezintsha, kwaye kubangela intetheliso oluninzi lwe-trov.

Izixhobo Zombhali: Ukusebenzisa Iintambo Ngenjongo

Kumbhali, ukungayazi i-tropes asiyonto elungileyo. Kwanabo bathi bayayiphepha ngokupheleleyo bayazidala ngokungekho mthethweni. Injongo, ngoko, isebenza ngabom. Xa besenza uphawu, umbhali usenokuyizoba ngemaphu kuhlobo lwe-ardix----ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-protagonist, ngaphakathi, i-Trickster/yandule ukukhetha ukuba yeyiphi i-tropes ezakubonakalisa olo hlobo lubalaseleyo. I-Trickster iyakuba yi-picksterkick, umzobi wezobugcisa, okanye uthixo wesiphithiphithi? Lo khetho lumisela ukuba umntu wokuqala obekiweyo, i-Trickster", kwaye ngoko ke khetha ukuba yiyiphi ezakubakho.

Ukuphepha i-cliché, umbhali kufuneka ayenze ibe nzima i Trickster. Umzobi okhohlisayo anganikwa ikhowudi enzulu yokuziphatha, isiphelo esibuhlungu esichaza ukungathembani kwabo ngamacandelo, okanye ubungozi obungalindelekanga obubangela ukuba uqhatha kwabo lungavakali njengomdlalo kwaye lufana nenkqubo yokusinda. Ipateni yangaphandle ihlala icacile, kodwa inyaniso yangaphakathi iba yinyaniso. [ii-Comprehens ezikhokelayo kwi-archtypes zophawu lophawu [ isebenza njengesalathisi sophawu, kodwa umsebenzi wokwenene usebenza ngaphezu kokuqhubela isikhokelo kwingityelelo lomntu ngamnye.

Ubungqina Bokuva: Unxibelelwano Phakathi KoMdali Nabathengi

Abaphulaphuli banamhlanje baninzi kune mbali. I-Internet ivelise amagama ahlukeneyo apho abalandeli bahlala khona kunye neendlela zegama kwixesha lokwenene. Oku kutshintsha ukujonga ngaphandle komsebenzi ube yincoko esebenzayo. Oku kubonisa njenge “Screacm” (uludwe lwemifanekiso eshukumayo) kwaye“Deadpool” ixhomekeke kakhulu kwimetam, eneempawu ezithetha ngqo ngentlondi. Oku kuzakutshintsha ukubukela kobundlobongela kudala umdaniso omnandi: incoko i-trope, abaphulaphuli bayayiqaphela kwaye bavile kakuhle, kwaye ibali liyihambisa okanye liyiqhekeza, libangela ukuba kungene oku kuvakalayo. Umbhali uyakwazi ukusebenzisa olu phawu oluchukumisayo, abaphulaphuli bayakwazi ukuthembana, ngoko ke bayakwazi ukugxabela kwimicisho.

Isiphelo: Ukwamkela Umculo Phakathi Komzekelo Nommangaliso

Udidi lwemicu engundoqo kunye nee-trope ezizidibanisayo azithethi amanqaku; zithetha intetho yentetho. Kanye njengokuba singenakukwazi ukubhala isivakalisi ngaphandle komgaqo-ntetho, asinakwenza ummbo ngaphandle kohlobo oluthile lwendlela ebonakalayo. Lo bugcisa busebenza ekusebenziseni loo grama ngokuphandle nangokuvakalayo. IHero, iMentor, isithunzi `Laveh] alunakuze lunyamalale kumabali ethu, kuba zithetha imibuzo esisiseko ngomntu esinguye noko sikuzabalazela ukuba yiyo. I-tropes eziwambathayo ziya kuqhubeka ziveza amathemba ethu enkcubeko nexhala.

Kubaphulaphuli, ukusetyenziswa kwe-tropes kubandakanya ukuqhelana nokungalindelanga kuyinto eninzi ebangela ulonwabo. Sizifuduza ngomlilo wento eyaziwayo ngoxa sivuyiswa ziintlantsi ezibhabhayo ezimnyama. Umbhali, ukusetyenziswa kwe-tropes kuthetha ukukwazi ukuhlonela isithethe ngoxa kukwangunolwazi olutsha. Umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wokuzivelela kwethu, kodwa ukutshintsha, intembeko, nenyaniso enyanisekileyo yemvakalelo zizinto ezibhabhabha-bhayo. Ekupheleni, i-tropes isikhumbuza ukuba yonke ibali iyinxalenye yencoko enkulu, ephuma kuthi, ephuma kuthi, kwaye yenza ukuba sichukutye njengoko intso ibihamba kwiphepha kwaye isenza into singayiboni.