Table of Contents

Ungcelele olunemibala eshukumayo Ugqatso oluncinci oluneengxelo ezincinane lutha iintliziyo emhlabeni wonke ngoopopayi abagcumayo, abasebenzi abanomtsalane, kunye nemikhosi yamagqilo. Phantsi kwephulo lawo elingaqhelekanga, noko ke, likho lihlabathi elicetyiswe ngocoselelo lwembali kunye nembali yalo entsonkothileyo. Imeko iphakathi inguMkhosi omkhulu wamagqwirha, umlo oyingozi othelekisa uluntu olunemili, umlo wemilo, nomlo wemilongo okhoyo ehlabathini othekayo kwaye uyaqhubeka nokungaqondani.

Imbali Eyintsomi Yemfazwe Enkulu

Kude phambi kokuba uAkko Kagari angene kuqala kwiNyukane Nova, ihlabathi lomlingo laphazanyiswa yimfazwe etshabalalisayo phakathi kwamagqwirha nabantu. Olu ngcelele lubonisa ukuba njengoko ibutho labantu elingeyomimangaliso liphucukile kwezobugcisa, izivumelwano ezindala zangquzulana nezitheth'ethamsanqa zingquzulwane nabantu. Amagqwili, ayekade ehlonelwa, aba ngunobangela woloyiko olukhulu lwamagqhinga xa uloyiko loluntu lwajika lwaba lukukutshutshiswa ngokukhuthele, lunyanzelela amagqhinga ukuba alwele ukusinda kwawo. Olu ngquzulwano lwalungeyo olulula olunento imfazwe entle ebangelwa kukungaqondani, amabhongo ezobupolitika, kunye nokukhukuliseka kwendlela yempucuko eyahlukeneyo.

Imvelaphi Yale Nqaba

Imbewu yemfazwe yahlwayelwa kwiinkulungwane ngaphambi kokuba uloyiso lokuqala luvutha ngumsindo. Kwihlabathi le i-Academia encinane yamagqwirha , ama-Coent Olde Witch asungula isizukulwana esinempumelelo somlingo, kodwa ilifa lawo laba yintsomi ngexesha elingaphambili. Njengoko uluntu lwaphuhlisa ushishino kunye nenzululwazi, impembelelo yomlingo yadamba. Impembelelo yomlingo yakhula ukuba amagqwirha aye afumana amandla, elawula indalo, kwaye esongela ukuzinza kommandla ofayo. Iingxelo zembali ezikwingceleleko zichaza ukuba izinto ezithile zomlingo, njenge Shiny Rod, zaba yimifuziselo yethemba kodwa kwaneemfazwe, njengoko amaqela efuna ukulawula ubunganga bobungangamkhaba.

Inyaniso Engundoqo Nokuncipha Kokholo

Ngexesha lemfazwe, amagqwirha ayengengomntu omnye. Izindlu ezinkulu, njengekhaya laseCavend, zazama ukugcina unxibelelwano nogcino lwamaqhinga. Noko ke, amaqela angqukuva agqibeleleyo, akholelwa ukuba uhlaselo loluntu lunokuhlangatyezwana ngamandla amakhulu. Olu lwahlulo lwangaphakathi lwalubonisa uqhekeko lokwenene lwembali, apho iintanda-ntanda-bulumko zahlukeneyo ngokudibanisa abantu abangaphandle behlabathi abaqhekekileyo. Lo mbhalo ungcelele ukuba imfazwe yayingumlo wamakhaya phakathi kwamagqwirha njengokuba yayiyi ekhusela imfazwe nxamnye nabantu abalwanisi bemfazwe, ishiya izikhalo eziya kuhlala izizukulwana.

Ukuzingelwa Kwamagqwirha Kwimbali YaseYurophu

Ukubuqonda ngokupheleleyo ubunzima bengxelo yemfazwe Enkulu, umntu kufuneka akhangele kwimbali yokuzingela amagqwirha awayegqugqisa iYurophu phakathi kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu neyeshumi elinesibhozo. Ezi ziganeko zanika iplani yentshutshiso kwi Block Witch Academia, apho abantu abaqhelekileyo, beqhutywa luloyiko kwaye besetyenziswa ngamagosa, babebaguqula abo babebagqala njengabangeyomvelo.

Ukuqhathwa Kwamandulo Kwamagqwirha Anamhlanje

Phakathi konyaka we-1450 nowewaka linamakhulu asixhenxe anamashumi amane anesihlanu, abantu abamalunga nama-40 000 ukuya kuma-60 000 babulawa ngenxa yobugqwirha eYurophu, uninzi lwabo bafazi. Ukuphambana kwanyuka ngexesha lesiphithiphithi soluntu, isiphithiphithi sonqulo, kunye neengxaki zezoqoqosho. Kulongcelele, iMfazwe Enkulu ngokufanayo iyaqhambuka xa isitebelo, ukuba ayikhululekanga, iyawohloka phantsi kobunzima obunye. Ababukeli babona ukuphindaphindwa koku kukungathemba kuka-Akko kujongene nabantu abangeyo imimangaliso, isikhumbuzi esibonisa ukuba intsalela yemfazwe ayizange iphele ngokupheleleyo.

IMalleus Maleficarum Nemikhwa Yokubuza

Akukho xwebhu lunye olwanyusa umlilo wokuzingela amagqwirha njengomlilo owenziwe uMalleus Maleficaum (Iyincwadi yamagqwirha), epapashwe ngo-1486. Eli nqaku layikhuthaza inkolelo yokuba amagqwirha ayengabakhonzi bobubi kwaye lanikela ugwebo olusemthethweni nolungo lwezemfundo yezakwalizwi lokuthuthunjiswa nokubulawa. [FLT:]] [FLT]] Accademia i-loct, imibhalo emigqi nengxelo yembali ecacileyo yasebenza injongo efanayo, amagqhinga njengobungozi nolwonakalisayo. IMalus Malecarum [FLT] ishiyeke imodenti eninzi yenk emfazwe, njengemfazwe enkulu yemfazwe.

Impembelelo Kuluntu Nakubantu Abaneentloko Zesini

Amagqwirha ajoliswe ngokungenakulinganiswa kumabhinqa, ingakumbi lawo ayezimele, angatshatanga, okanye abaphilisi — abantu ababecel ’ umngeni imigaqo yobubhishophu. [[FLT: 0] Kwi-Ball Batch Academia, amagqwirha ngamabhinqa amaninzi, kwaye imfazwe ingachazwa njengesichasi sogonyamelo nxamnye namandla azimeleyo. Olu hlolo luchaza le ngxelo ngokubeka amandla ezandleni zamagqwirha aselula azama ukuphilisa idemon, ngokuphikisana ngqo nokusetyenziswa kwedemon embalini esetyenziswa ngamabhinqa. Unxulumano phakathi kwentshutshiso yokwenene kunye nefish lungabomsobo, lukhuthaza ukuqwalasela imbali yentshutshiso [[FLT:] kunye neyobufana nayo.

Iimvavanyo zamagqwirha aseSalem njengelitye lenkcubeko

Ngoxa ukuzingela amagqwirha eYurophu kwakugqugqisa amazwekazi, amatyala amagqwirha eSalem ngo1692-1693 akwindawo ekhethekileyo ekucingeni okuqhelekileyo. Isiganeko esifutshane kodwa esinzima eMassachusetts sinegalelo elincinane kwingxingongo yothotho kunye nokungekho sikweni, siphembelela ngqo imifanekiso yale mihla yobugqwirha.

Iziganeko zowe-1692-1693

Abantu abangaphezu kwama-200 batyholwa, yaye abangama-20 babulawa, beqhutywa zizityholo zabakwishumi elivisayo, iinkonzo ezigabadeleyo, kunye neengxwabangxwaba zoluntu. Umzekelo wokutyholwa, ukungabi nankqubo ifanelekileyo, nokuthembela kubungqina obuyi-spectral kubonakalisa umoya woloyiko owakhokelela kwiMfazwe Enkulu yamagqwirha. Kula manqaku, abasebenzi abarhanelwayo “ngomlingo ofihlakeleyo” okanye ababhenela kwilishwa lale nkqubo, babonisa indlela ukukrokrekretha okunokuthi kunokuthi ngokukhawuleza kuguqulelwe ngayo intshutshiso.

Impembelelo Ehlala Ihleli Kumfanekiso Wobugqwirha

ISalem iphinde yachazwa ngokutsha kwiincwadi, iifilimu, kunye nomabonwakude, isoloko isebenza njengesigezo se McCarthyism, ingxaki kaGawulayo, okanye ukuhlaziswa kwamaqela amancinane. I-Bull Witch Academia igqobhoza kule ntloko-mfama echumileyo yentsomi. Imfazwe enkulu ayisosi nje isiqalo somphambili; yi-Salem, inxunguphazelo olusisiseko olwazisa wonke umntu nemeko engathandekiyo ngoku. Ibonisa ukuba abaphulaphuli bembali baqonde ukuba imbali ayizange ife ngokwenene. Iphila kwikhethe kwaye ilawula imithetho ekhoyo.

Ityala Lokuthambisa Amagqwirha: Ukusuka Ekuthotyelweni Ngeedemon Ukusa Kwigunya

Ubugqwirha buye baphinda baqalisa ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Oko kwakukhe kwathetheleleka ukubulala kuye kwaba ngumqondiso wokuxhathisa nokuzifihla. [[FLT: 0] I-Academia Encinane yamagqwirha ihlala ekuphelisweni kwesi siphelo eside, ukubhiyozela imilingo ngexa ungalibali ukuphalazwa kwegazi okwabakho ngaphambili.

Amaxhoba Atshutshiswayo

Iingxelo zamandulo zale mihla zabonisa amagqwirha adla abantwana, abonakalisa uloyiko olunzulu lwamandla omntu wamabhinqa kunye nalawo angaziwayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imbali yayiyinyaniso yokuba amagqwirha amaninzi atyholwayo ayengamabhinqa agwetyelweyo, abaphilisi, okanye oonongendi ababenolwazi olubonakala lusoyikisa. Olu ngcelele ludibanisa ezi zithethe: lunento yokwenza iingcinga, umlingo ophithizelayo kancinci ka-Akko kunye nonesidima, amandla azuzwe lizuzezinye, kwaneentloko zemfazwe kwimo yemilingo yemilingo. Oku kugquma kunika ihlabathi ingqiqo ecacileyo yembali, apho igqwiptlekko, apho udidi lwezobomfolorhorholo oluneyo, luntsonqeke kwaye ludiwe kakhulu.

Izenzo Zobugqwirha Zanamhlanje Nezamagqwirha AseWiccan

Ngenkulungwane yama-20, ukunyuka kwemibutho yeWicca kunye neyobuhedeni obutsha kwavuselela ubugqwirha njengoqheliselo olusekelwe kwindalo, olulinganayo lokomoya. Gerald Gardner kunye nolwamva lwaguqula umfanekiso wegqwirha kumfazi kaSathana kumfundisi woMhlaba. Buncinci Bugjuck Academia , ngokugxininisa kwalo kumandla okuguqula indalo, ukukholelwa kuye siqu nokuhlonela kwalo imilingo yamandulo, kungenisa le nkcazelo yangoku, enamandla. I-Novava Academy ngokwayo isebenza njengengcwele apho amagqwwn anokulisusa khona ilifa lawo, ngokukhululekileyo kwintshutshiso eyachaza ixesha lemfazwe. Ngokuqhubekayo ukufunda ngendlela obuthaka ngayo ubugqhinga, bona [FTB:] kunye nobugrobist B.[3]

Ukufana Phakathi Kwemfazwe Enkulu Neentshutshiso Zokwenene Zehlabathi

Imfazwe Enkulu yamagqwirha ayisosixhobo nje esicetyiweyo; sisibuko esibonakalisa amandla angapheliyo oloyiko, ukuphanda, kunye nokufuna amandla. Ngokuhlalutya ezi ndlela zokufana, ababukeli batyhila ubunzima bembali obubangela yonke intshukumo kunye nokuququzelela.

Ukoyika Omnye Nomnye Uxolo

Ukutyhubela imbali yabantu, abantu abaxinezelekileyo baye bafuna ukutyholwa ngamagqwirha. Amagqwirha, amaYuda, amarhamncwa amaqela amancinane, nabachasi bezobupolitika bonke baye benza le ndima. Kulu ngcelele, abasebenzisi bomlingo baba “enye,” betyholwa ngokungaphumeleli kwesivuno, izibetho, neentlekele zemvelo — kanye izityholo ezityholwa amagqwirha okwenene. Oku kubandakanya iziganeko zibonisa indlela abantu abazenza ngayo izinto ezixhalabisayo ngaphakathi, umjikelezo owenziwa ngulo lwalo mboniso owenziwa ngamandla ukuphelisa.

Imilo Yamandla Phakathi Kwabemi Abanemilingo

Imfazwe Enkulu yayingeyomfazwe yabathakathi nje yabantu kuphela; yayikwayimfazwe yamakhaya phakathi kwamagqwirha ajongene nobukhulu beengcamango. Uxinezeleko phakathi kwamalungu esithethe awayexabisa imfihlo kunye nababefuna ukudibanisa izipili iimbono zolwahluko kumaqela amaninzi atshutshiswayo embalini. Ingaba uyazifihla iimpawu zakho ukuze usinde, okanye ulwa ngokukhululekileyo ukuze uqaphele? Lo mbuzo ubangela ukuba abasebenzi, ukusuka e-Ursula Inqwelo yokulwa bafihle imbali yezenzo zobugqi. Olu ngceleleko lubonisa ukuba umanyano lwangaphakathi lubalulekile ekuxhathiseni iziso ezingaphandle, isifundo esifumaneka ngqo kwimibutho yokuchasa ngokwembali.

Ukwahlulahlulwa Nokwenza Uxolo

Iimfazwe zishiya amanxeba akhulayo ukuba akalungiswa. [Ku- Amagqwirha amancinane akhadimia, ihlabathi lemilingo lisasebenza phantsi kwemithetho namasiko acetywe kwibala lemfazwe, ithintela unxibelelwano olubini nabantu kunye nokusetyenziswa komlingo. Inkqubo ecothayo yokuxolelana — ukwakha kwakhona uthemba, ukubuyisela ulwazi olulahlekileyo, nokujongana neentshaba ezilinganayo — intliziyo yomsebenzi ka-Akko. Oku kufana neendlela ezinde, ezinzima zokulungisa eziqhubekeka eziqhutywa emva kwemfazwe emkhosini enjenge nyaniso yoMzantsi Afrika kunye ne-Gconciliation Com, yenza ithemba elilungileyo lomntu livakaliswe kwaye libe nolwazi olupheleleyo.

Iimpawu Zobuntu Ezibonakala Kwiimfazwe Ezabakho Embalini

Imbali yentsomi inikela intsingiselo eyongezelelekileyo kuhambo lomntu ngamnye, kungekhona nje abafundi bomlingo; ziindlalifa zemfazwe, zisebenzisa ilifa layo ngeendlela ezinzulu.

Imvukelo Kagari Kanye Nephulo Lokufuna Ukwamkela

UAkko ngumfuziselo wesizukulwana sasemva kwemfazwe esingafuniyo ukuvumela ungquzulwano lulawule ikamva. Inkolelo yakhe engagungqiyo yokuba umlingo unokuba ngumthombo wovuyo kunokuba ucel ’ umngeni ngqo ukuma kokhuseleko okwamkelwa emva kwemfazwe. Kwimbali yehlabathi lokwenene, abalandeli abaselula baye basoloko besenza intyusa-lwazi emva kwamaxesha onyanzelo. Ukungavumi kuka-Akko ukuvumelana nenqanyuswa, ukukhusela komntu wase-linua Nova kungumfuziselo wokuzichaza ngomlingo, ukuvala umoya wamalungelo oluntu kunye nemikhosi efuna ukuphinda izinto ezintle ezinokwenzeka ngokwezobupolitika.

Ursula Callistis / Inqwelo Yomlotha du Nord: Umthwalo Weemfihlelo Nelifa Lemfazwe

Umqondiso ofihlakeleyo kaNjingalwazi Ursula njengeNqola yeNqanawa yaseShiny edumileyo uluvo olucacileyo lwetyala labasindileyo kunye nobunzima beemfihlelo zemfazwe. Imisebenzi yenqwelo yokulwa yakha yavuselela ithemba, kodwa ukunyamalala kwayo kwashiya iphupha elalizaliswe kukukrokra kunye nolawulo. Izipili zayo zembali ezathi zaba yimifuziselo yesizathu sokusuka nje ityumke, kwaye zathi ngoko zachitha iminyaka emininzi zicamangelwe ngokuzozolo okanye zingacacanga. Umfundisi wenqwelo yokulwa yenqwelo yokulwa uAko sisenzo esithe cwaka esithe cwaka, sidlulisa ulwazi lokuba imfazwe iphantse iphele.

IGama eliBalulekileyo

Njengendlalifa yesinye sezindlu zomlingo eziphambili, uDiana umela umlindi omdala — iintsapho ezasinda emfazweni ngokudibanisa amandla nangokugcina umnombo womlingo ococekileyo. Ugcino lwakhe lokuqala nokunamathela kwisithethe lubonisa inkolelo yogcino-lwazi oludla ngokuchaza amaqonga aphambili emva kwenkonzo yonqulo. Kwimbali, abalawuli abakwizikhundla abalawulayo kwimvukelo kunye neemfazwe bawabeka kumalungelo abo okuthintela isiphithiphithiphithi-phithi sexesha elizayo. Ukuvuleka kukaDiana kwimilinganiselo ka-Akko ecacileyo intsingiselo eyimfuneko: kwanazondongazongazongazonga zimele zivele ekugqibeleni ukuba uluntu oluphezulu luphilise ukuphilisa.

Umlingo Nobugcisa: A Social Commentary

Enye yomlinganiselo ochuliweyo wemfazwe enkulu I-Academia encinane yamagqwirha luxinezeleko phakathi komlingo nobugcisa. Olu ngquzulwano lunika uthelekiso oluninzi lwezinto ezixhalabisayo zehlabathi lokwenene ezihambisana nenkqubela-phambili kunye neenguqulelo yenkcubeko.

Ukuwohloka Komlingo Nokukhula Kwenzululwazi

Xa uluntu lwaqalisa ubuchule bomatshini, imfuneko yomlingo yabonakala iphela. Imfazwe ingabonwa njengencopho enobundlobongela yokutshintsha okunezambuku: ihlabathi elidala lobugqwirha ngokuchasene nehlabathi elitsha loshishino. Oku kubonakalisa inkqubo yembali yokuzinzisa nokubekwa phantsi kwezithethe zabantu. Kwimbali yokwenene, ukukhanyiselwa akukhange kuzise sizathu; kwakhona kwazicinezela iinkolelo ezingafanelanga siseko sobugcisa. Ungceleleko lubonisa ukuba lelahleko kodwa kwakhona lubonisa ukuba inkcitho nezo zobugcisa azifuni tshaba, uxobo oluqhubekayo lwamaxesha anamhlanje.

Ukunxulunyaniswa nokuphuhliswa kwemizi - mveliso nokulahleka kobugcisa

Ukushenxiswa kwamagqwirha kunokufaniswa nesiphelo samagcisa kunye nabantu abasebenza ngezobugcisa ngexesha leNguquko Yezoshishino. Iimpahla ezenziwe ngesandla kunye nobugcisa bamandulo zathathelwa indawo yimveliso eninzi, njengokuba uthungo lwathatyathwa endaweni yoomatshini. Uhambo luka-Akko lokuvuselela amazwi alahlekileyo e-Arcturus lufana nenkqubo yokuvuselela impucuko, igcina ilifa elingamkelekiyo elizanywa lihlabathi. Olu gqabaza lunika i-amine amandla anzima, lubuza oko sikulahlayo xa sishiya esidala singenaluvo lwamatsha.

Oko Sikufundayo KwiMfazwe Enkulu: Ukumanyana Nenkumbulo Yesithethe

Owona myalezo uhlala uhleliyo wemfazwe enkulu yamagqwirha yimfuneko yokumanyana nengozi yokulibala imbali. Olu ngcelele lubuyela kwingcamango yokuba ukungazi nolwahlulo ziintshaba zokwenene ngalo lonke ixesha.

Indima Yembali Ekuchaseni Iimpawu Ezikhoyo

Abaninzi abamkela inyaniso epheleleyo yemfazwe — kungekhona inguqulelo elungiselelweyo efundiswa kwiincwadi zoncwadi — bafumana ubulumko bokuyila ikamva elingcono. Ukukhanyela ngokwembali okanye ukuhlaziywa kuboniswa njengetyhefu. Oku kubonisa ukubaluleka kwangoku kokuhlangabezana neenyaniso zembali ezingathandekiyo, ukusuka kubukoloni ukuya kwingcinezelo. I-ane icebisa ukuba kuphela ngokuvuma izenzo zenkohlakalo zangaphambili ezinokuqhubekela phambili ngengqibelelo yabantu kunye nabantu.

Ukuxolelaniswa Nokwakha Uluntu Lwanamhlanje Olunemilingo

Ngesiphelo solu ngcelele, abasebenzi abavuselelwa nje kuphela umlingo omdala; badala umnqophiso omtsha phakathi kwamagqwirha nehlabathi. Le nkqubo yoxolelwano — ukulungisa, ukwakha iibhulorho, nokuthunga amaziko aquka uluntu — ngumsebenzi omnye amaqumrhu abantu amele awenze emva kwemfazwe nentshutshiso. I-lineave Academy isuka kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ekukhuselekeni iye yavelisa isibane esikhuselekileyo, ifuzisela ibutho eliye lafunda kwizenzo ezimaxongo zemfazwe nentsebenziswano ekhethweyo.

Ilifa Elihlala Lihleli Kulo Lobugqwirha Obuncinane

Kwananjengokuba olu ngcelele lubhiyozela isiphelo salo sonwabileyo, isithunzi seMfazwe Enkulu sihlala sikwimifanekiso, amabhodlo, nezithethe ezidluliselwa ngomlomo. Oku kuqhubeka ngesiquphe, kukhumbuza abaphulaphuli ukuba intlungu engokwembali ayipheli; kufuneka iqhubeke ihlaziywa.

Indlela Imbali Ekwimbali Echaphazeleka Ngayo Kulo Mthombo

Ukusuka ekungathembini phakathi kwezikolo zomlingo ukuya kwisiphoso esijikeleze iingqeqesho ezithile zomlingo, impembelelo yemfazwe ikhula ifikelele kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukoyika ukuzingela okungalawulekiyo, imiqathango yokudibana nabantu abangeyomimangaliso, kunye nokuhlonela amagqwirha anesithoba abhenela emva kwemfazwe. Ukuqonda oku kwenza umbukeli aqonde ngakumbi ulwakhiwo lwehlabathi kwaye kuguqulele i-ayimine esuka kwibali elilula elizayo kwingxelo epheleleyo yentshutshiso.

Uthelekiso Lwexesha Elizayo: UThotho OluyiMetaphor Kwimpikiswano Zeziphelo

Ekugqibeleni, iMfazwe Enkulu yamagqwirha isebenza njengesifaniso jikelele sokulwa imfazwe yoloyiko nokungaqondani okukhoyo kwihlabathi lethu. Ukuba kuhlolisiswa ngokwesithethe sokwahlulwa, iingozi zeembacu, okanye ukubuya kobugqwirha, imixholo isoloko ifanelekile ngokungxamisekileyo. Olu ngcelele lucebisa ukuba ulwazelelelo, unxibelelwano, nenkalipho yokukholelwa kwikamva elingcono zizizizitshixo zokuphumelela intiyo ekudala intiyo. Ukusuka unyuke ngakumbi kwindlela i-ayikho esetyenziswa ngayo imbali, [[FLT: 0]] iAnime Network News joe inika uhlalutyo oluthelwelo olungakumbi.

Ekupheleni, imfazwe enkulu yamagqwirha encinane i-Uglow Academia igqitha imida yayo yentelekelelo ukuba ibe nguphindo oluchukumisleyo lwendlela ibutho labantu elaphukileyo nelaphiliswa ngayo. Ngokuguqula ihlabathi lalo lomlingo lize likhanyisele iingozi ezibuhlungu zokuzingela amagqwirha, iintshutshiso, ubufana, kunye nokuthoba ngokwenkqelezelelwa kwenkcubeko, ezi zikhuthaza ababukeli ukuba baqonde imbewu yembali edlulileyo ebomini babo. Ilifa le mfazwe asiyo nje nje ingtsolo elumkisayo; ithetha ukwakha abantu abangafuni ukulawulwa luloyiko, endaweni yokukhetha amandla ahlala ephilileyo okuqonda kunye nomanyano. Njengokuba kuxelwe njalo, izifundo zokungakhonjwa ngabangasekhoyo, kodwa njengezikhotholo lwexesha elizayo.