Uhambo lwe-manga ephambili ukusuka kumacandelo ashicilelweyo ukuya kwizakhelo ezinemibalabala ezicazulula indaleko yempucuko yale mihla yamaJapan kunye nokwanda kwayo kwehlabathi lonke. Inkqubo yokutshintsha amabali amahlaya adityanisiweyo akwingcelele kamabonwakude, i-OVA, kunye neefilimu ezibonisa imbonakalo yezolonwabo iye yaba ngundoqo woshishino olungundoqo, imbonakalo yentengiso ekhuthaza ukuchaza iindibano kunye nabantu abadlala intsingiselo yembali ehlabathini lonke. Oku kuhlola oku kuyila i-maga, ukuzalwa kwe-aimace, kunye nomngqungqo ontswana ontsonkothile phakathi kwemibini emibini, ivavanya iziphumo ezingundoqo, inkculo, kunye nemisebenzi etshintshayo yokuveliswa kwemveliso ukususela kwinkulungwane yama-20 ukuya kweli xesha langoku.

Imvelaphi Yangaphambili Yenkqubo KaManga

Ngoxa ibinzana elithi “manga” — elaqanjwa nguKatsuka Houkosai — liguqulelwa lula kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo,” linemifanekiso yezandla nencwadi eshicilelweyo eyaziwa ngokuba emaneki kunye [[FLT]] ne [FLT] ehon[[FLG:2] [iiii-FOLT] [iiiiphon [iii-Fonk] [iiipheric] [i] , isoloko ichazwa njengesiqalo esisetyenziswa, izilwanyana ezisetyenziswa kwiNtempephoph. [[FTYTY:4] [iyphu-ijustru -gitus[[FLTY] [istrust] [iglus] [ip] [ign] [ip] [ign, i-uning, i-uning, i-unices, i-unices echudia, i-edia, ichaza , i-ethenji

Ukusetyenziswa KweMeiji Kwezi Mini Nempembelelo YaseNtshona

IMeiji Resource ka1868 yavula iJapan kwifomu zobugcisa baseNtshona, kuquka iimifanekiso ehlekisayo yezobupolitika kunye nemicu yeziqhulo engeniswe kumaphephancwadi aseBritane nawaseMerika. Abazobi bamaJapan badibanisa ezi zithethe zomthonyama, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kunyuke iimpapasho zokuqala ezidibeneyo ezifana iPunch namaphephancwadi ahlabhoyiweyo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, amabali asekelwe kumaphephandaba nakumaphephancwadi abantwana, noovulindlela abafana noRakuten Kitazawawadum, igama kunye nolungiselelo. Eli xesha lokuvavanya kwabekwa isiseko soludwe lweengxelo eziqhulo eziqhutywayo ezakuhlaziselwayo kamva, ezisuka kwimifanekiso eshukumabali ashukumathelo.

Ubomi Boopopayi BaseJapan

Oopopayi bokuqala bamaJapan abaziwayo, abadalwa malunga no1917, kodwa babonakalisa umdla okhulayo kwimilo. Ngexesha le1930, Jun'ichi Kōuchi, kunye noSeitarō Kitayama, zaziziifilimu ezincinane ezingenanto eziphenjelelwe ziindlela zokulinganisa zaseNtshona. Le misebenzi yangaphambili yayisoloko ime ngamacala afanayo, kodwa babonakalisa umdla ophezulu kwimiba. Ngexesha lika1930 kunye no 1940, iifilimu zenkohliso ezifana uMaotarō no Umiwas[) wasebenzisa ubuchule bokudlulisela imixholo yobuzwelonke, exhaswe ngurhulumente. Noko ke, i-maglasi yoqobo ye-mangatoto-e-e-e-mainformast izakuvela emva kwemfazwe yehlabathi ye-II.

Imvukelo YeOsama Tezuka

Osamu Tezuka, esoloko ibizwa ngokuba “nguThixo weManga,” waguqula zombini iManga kunye ne-aine ngobuchule be-movie — ukusondela, ukudubula, kunye nemontage — kumsebenzi wakhe omkhulu wobuhlanya. Uthotho lwakhe lweziqithi olutsha (1947]) kunye nomva [[FLT:]] umqondiso wesiQinga [1952]] (52] uchaza kwakhona i-asteroy enokwenzeka komda. Ngonyaka ka 1963, iTeka's shiimveliso yazisa [[FLT]] [FLT]] [FLT] [5], ukuphawula isiqingatha seveki edityanisiweyo kucwangciso oluthe kokugqibela locwangco.) ucwangciso oluthe kka kusetyenziswa ucwangciso oluncinane lombane lwesibini [unyaka olwesibini] [unyaka olwe-Act.[3]

Iliza lokuqala lama-Amplifiction (1960s-1970s)

Emva [[FLT: 0] Astro Boy[FTL:1], istudio zoopopayi zigcayisele ngokukhawuleza imakethe ekhulayo. Zifana Kimba iWhite Moon (65]), kunye ne Tezuka [[FLT]] ne [FLT] Racerr [FLT:] [[FLT]] Go Go[FLT:], 1967) ibonise ukuba umsinga othembekileyo nowenziweyo unokuba nomsinga ungaba nomtsala woko wokodwa nabaphula-ndlebe behlabathi. Xa kuthengwa uluntu oluninzi, u-Goggconfe, u-1970 u-FT [FT] [FT] [FT] uninzi lwe-PTYPTYNT] oluthenjiweyo, unyuke, uninzi noluthe lwabiwo lwamanyunyuke, ngexesha elininzi loluntu olufu.[10] Uluntu oluthenjiweyo, xa luyeleleka, uG.[194]

Iziganeko Ezibalaseleyo Zokuhlaziywa Kwangaphambili

  • Astro Boy (1963): Izizathu ezangqina i-manga zinamandla ongcelele lwe-TV kwaye zimise imodeli yekomiti yemveliso.
  • [[UMTL: 0] ULupun wesithathu (1971): Ekuqaleni wazama kwireyithingi kodwa kamva waba yifranchi ethandekayo, ebonisa indlela utshintsho olunokuguquka ngayo ngaphaya komthombo wayo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Isuti ye-Mubile Ascheme (1997): Nangona ekuqaleni yayiyi-ayimi, i-manga yayo kunye nezixhobo zemodeli zeqhina lenqanawa zenziwe imodeli yemodeli eninzi enokuthi ibe yeyona izakufumaneka.
  • IGalaxy Express 999 (1978): A Leiji Matsumoto i-opera ekwindawo ye-opera ebonisa indlela indalo yomdali wemanga enokuthi itshintshelwe ngayo ibe yifilimu ephicothayo nebali likamabonwakude.

IGolden Age and Divisionation (1980s-19990s)

Iminyaka yee-1980 yabona uqhushumbo lolwando oluthe ngqo lwevideo-OV-A (Oritan Video yoopopayi), olwavumela ukutshintsha okuthembekileyo nokuthatha ingozi kakhulu kwe-manga okungafanelani nocwangciso lukamabonwakude. Imisebenzi efana Breadfoot Gen[ [19983]), esekelwe kwiKeiji Nazawa's kancinci ngokungephindiweyo ngokudubula kwebhombu ye-Hiroshima, ibonisa amandla ka-amma kwidrame enzulu yembali. Okwangoku, Kahiro Oro Octo’s [FLT] [FLT] [12] [8], ukuguquka kwe-mangagaga, kwavela umqondiso wobugcisa wobugcisa bezizwe ngezizwe, kwaye kubonakalisa ubuchule bokuveza ubuchule obubonakalayo.

Iminyaka yee1990 yaqinisa ulwando lwehlabathi lonke lokutshintsha. Ragaon Ball Z (19989-1996), ethathwe kwi-Akira Toriyama's manga, yaba yimeko yomhlaba wonke, ingenisa inani lababukeli kwi shōnen tropens. Naoko Tapeuchis [[FLT:]] Shooltai [1992-1997]] [unyaka)) ingqina ukuba umendo lwezinzo lwezinyo lwemantakal-magno lungaphumelela kakhulu kwaye lunokuphumela ekudluliseni isibheno. [FULT][FLD][5]

Utshintsho lobugcisa nolobugcisa

Utshintsho lokwenziwa kwevelisi yamanani ekupheleni konyaka wama-1990 kunye nasekuqaleni kowama- 2000 lwayiguqula kakhulu indlela yokuguqula umhlaba. U-Studios njengemveliso I.G noStudio Pierrot bamkela imibala yekhompyutha kunye ne-compositing, eyenza ukuba imveliso engaguqukiyo kunye neziphumo ezikhethekileyo. Eli xesha labona utshintsho lwe-manga olude olufanayo Iceba [1999-PLT] [1999-2001], uNaru [[FLT] [3] [20] [20], kunye [FLT] kunye noncedo lwezibonelonkenelo oluphindiweyo.[FLT] [5] [20] [iiiindlela ephindiweyo] [iiiiiiiiiizinto zokusetyenziswa kwemijikelezo zenqanawa], i-G.[FLT]

Indima yeeKomiti Zemveliso nolwandiso

Ngasemva kokutshintsha iprojekthi yemveliso kukho ikomiti ekhoyo — i-comium yabavakalisi, ii-TV, amaziko adibeneyo, kunye nabenzi betoyiki abanobungozi bemali kunye nomvuzo. Umvakalisi wemanga usoloko elawula intsingiselo ebalulekileyo, eqinisekisa ukuba i-aimace ikhuthaza imvelaphi eshicilelweyo. Le nkqubo, edityaniswe kwiminyaka yoma 1990, isoloko iphembelela indlela ethembekileyo yokuzitshintsha okuseleyo. Ngelixa olunye ungcelele olufana [FLD: 0] u-Almetalmst [[[FLG] [2009]] [2009]) i-afd i-mainfon epheleleyo emva konyuko, ezinye iintengiso oluqhelekileyo, njengentelelo oluthiweyo.[FLT]

Ukudityaniswa Kwehlabathi, Ukuqukuqela Nokungalawuleki Kwezithethe

Ukuvela kwe-Internet enesantya esiphezulu kunye neqonga elinikezelweyo elifana ne Crunchyroll, Netflix, kunye ne-Funimation kwaguqula ngokugqibeleleyo imo etshintshayo kwimijikelezo kwimida yonyaka ka-202010. Endaweni yokulinda iminyaka yeenguqulelo zommandla, abalandeli bezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe bangabukela iiyure eziququlethweyo emva kosasazo lwe Japhani. Oku kunikezelo lwehlabathi lwe-fandom eyakhelwe yimpumelelo ebanzi. [FLT: 0] Atlack kuTitan[FLT[FL:][FLT][20] [20], iguqulelwe ukusuka kwi Hajima’Iman’s, yaba ngumntu oqhelekileyo, imixholo yayo emnyama neveyimfiliba elivelayo emhlabeni wonke. [[5] [FT]

Ukuzala kwakwanceda ukuvuselelwa kwegama eliqhelekileyo. JornBuzarre Adveture, eyaqala ukuhlolwa ngo1970, yafumana utshintsho oluninzi oluveliswe ukususela ngo-2012 oluzisela uhlobo lwayo olungaqhelekanga kwisizukulwana esitsha. UDixorman Crybaby[ (2088), ukutolikwa kwakhona kweGoga’s Manga, usebenzise iqonga le Netflix ukuvala imiqathango yesithethe nokuhlola okuqulukileyo ngaphandle kokwenza uphatho lwembali. Ezi zimvo zabonisa indlela yokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kolwazi olunamandla.

Ucelomngeni Nenkululeko Yokuzivumelanisa Nezinto

Ukuguqula i-manga ibe yi-aimage kubandakanya intlola kunye notshintsho olubonakalayo. Ukulandelelana kwegama kufuneka kuphinde kulungiswe: apho isahluko se-manga singaphela kwi-esile, imome efuna isangqa esanelisayo. Unxibelelwano-lula kwi-manga lusoloko luguqulelwa kwilizwi-emonteges. Isenzo sokulandelelana, sinyibilikiswe kwiqela elincinane, sandiswe kwiimfazwe ezisemgangathweni ngomatshini nomculo. Ngokungafaniyo, amacandelo amade okudibanisa i-manga anganyanzeleka ukuba acothe iparing okanye umenzi. [[FLT:] i-Nat proppu.Nupputo yeqela lenkozo editya edityaniweyo, icandelo elinye elidityaniweyo, ngamanye amaxesha isandi esididanisayo.

Umahluko ekujolisweni kwento kulwamkelo lwamanani oluntu luzimo. I-shōn manga ezele ziimfazwe zogonyamelo isenokuhla ngenxa yesithuba sexesha likamabonwakude, njengokuba kwenzekayo kwasekuqaleni [[FLT: 0] i-Dragon Ball[ kunye [[FLT:] ne[FLT]] YU-OU-OH! [[[[FTGNT:]]] [[FGON]]] [iiiindawo edityatyatyalwayo, okanye iimbekiseko-mfayibhini inge.[5][5],[5]

Ukwanda kweSpin-Off kunye neMedia ePhakathi

Ngaphezu kotshintsho oluthe ngqo, i-manga ebhabha-bhabha-bhabha-bhabha-bhabha-bhabhayo-ophuma uthotho lwe-ayini, ii-movie, kunye ne-OV njengento ekhoyo ngaphandle kwamabali asecaleni okanye ezinye indalo. [[FLT: 0]] I-Dragon Ball franchise] ivelise iifilimu ezininzi ezifana [[[FLT:]] Ragaon Ball [, ezingekhoyo kwimaga kodwa ezikhokelwa ngumenzi wendalo u-Arariyama. Ngokufanayo, [[FLT:] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ngexesha elinye, i-manga ingasebenza njengendawo yokuvavanya. I-antime ephumelelayo isoloko ifumana utshintsho lwe-manga olunwenwayo olubangela ulwalamano olubugcila. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukuthandwa kwe-manga kungabangela indibano “intsika egcina iseyile ivulekile,” njengoko ibonwa kwiminyaka yowama 1990 xa i-aimae ingenisa izigidi zabantu kubume boshicilelo. Oku kunqamlezo-mda kuxhaswa ziziganeko ezifana [[FLT: 0]] i-Anime Japanan, apho utshintsho olutsha lubhengezwa kwaye lubhiyo ngabaxhasi behlabathi lonke.

Impembelelo yeNkcubeko

Ukutshintshelwa kwe-manga eqhelekileyo kwi-aimane kuyifashoni, i-slang, kunye nezenzo zoluntu. I-Cossing — ingumfanekiso othandwayo eJapan kodwa iye yaba yinto eyenzeka ehlabathini lonke, eneendibano ezinkulu eMntla Merika, e-Europe, nase-Asia. Ii-frames ezisuka kwi-aimace eziguqulelweyo, ezifana no-“Ingaphezu kwe-9000"" ukusuka I-drabon Ball Z okanye “Nico Nico Nii" ukusuka ku- uDa bolingo Live! , ungena kwimpucuko ye-Intermeme. I-camesfe, iindwendwe ukuya kummandla wokwenene wehlabathi obalazwe kungcelwe, kunye ne-dou jshishifssssssssssss (eding zixhakah.)

Utshintsho luye lwaphembelela uopopayi baseNtshona kunye nokusebenza-action ukwenziwa kwefilimu. IWachowskis'' iSibumbelo esibolekiweyo [[FLT:]] kwiShell[ i-Ghost kwiqokobhe [[[FLT:]], ngokwayo i-manga ungeniso. Ibonisa njenge [[FLT:] Atar: i-ANLD [ kunye [FLT] i-TBTNTY] inguququze i-[[FLTLT:7] , idityaniswe ngokutsha. Ngokuphindileyo i-''''''''''''''''''''. I-'ilungu elisebenzayo kumntu wobuxham.

Ikamva: Ubugcisa Neenkwenkwezi Ezintsha

Inkqubela-phambili kwi CGI, ukuphatha, kunye nesiphumo semveliso esithe ngqo sithembisa ukuphinda i-manga ibe yi-aine. Studios njenge-Orange ([FLT: 0]] Bea stars, Ilizwe leLustraus) sebenzisa ulinganiso lwe-3D olulinganisa u-2Dga ubugcisa obuthi ngaphambili, luvale umsantsa phakathi kweendawo ezithe tyaba nezenzo ze-kinetic. Izixhobo ezi-ayi-aced ziqala ukunceda ekuqukumbeleni phambili nangasemva, lungacutha ixesha kwaye luvumele ukuqhelanisa okuninzi kwe-manga obuluhlaza.

Izixhobo zokunxibelelana zezixhobo zekhompyutha nemidlalo yevidiyo esekelwe kwimijikelo yemanga enika ingxelo yamasebe apho abalandeli banokuthatha inxaxheba ngaphaya kokubukela okungekho mthethweni. Umgca phakathi kolwandiso kunye nokuncokola ngencoko yencoko ungafiphale, namava okwenene asekelwe kuludwe oluqhelekileyo olufana no- Attack kwi-Titan[ sele iphuhlisa. Njengoko inkanuko yehlabathi lonke yesithethe se pop eJapan iqhubeka ikhula, unyuso phakathi kwemiboniso yeJapan nemigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe iya kwanda, kuzisa kwanaba madala, imbali entle eluncedo ekuvelisweni kwemveliso.

Utyekelo Oluya Kukhula Lokuhlola

  • Utshintsho lohlobo lweqonga elihambayo , olulungiselela abaphulaphuli abafumana ixesha lepompa ngekhusi elithe nkqo elisekelwe kwi-web manga.
  • Iqwalaselwe kwaye iphinde yafunyanwa kwakhona ifreyidi njenge Rose of Versailles okanye Ashita no Joe usebenzisa ulinganiso lwangoku ngexesha ugcina umongo wembali.
  • umahluko omkhulu kakhulu wemvelaphi yento ekhoyo , kuquka ijosei, uthando lwamakhwenkwe, kunye nembali yeqonga yemanga efumana ugcino oluthembekileyo, ngasekupheleni kobusuku.
  • Ukurhweba kunye nemveliso exhaswa ngamalungu apho abaxhasi baxhasa ngqo irhafu yeOV njengenkanunu yecawa engenakubhenela kwiikomiti zentengiso.

Ukulandelela umnombo wesi sangqa ukusuka kwi-Edo-periodicatures ukuya kuhlohlo lwemizwa yomhlaba wonke, ukuguqulelwa kwe-manga efana ne-amime kumi njengenye yezincoko ezinamandla zomnqamlezo kwizonwabo zale mihla. Libali elingeyonguqulelo yobugcisa kodwa yenkcubeko esoloko itshintsha indlela esiwasebenzisa ngayo amabali okubona. Njengoko ubugcisa kunye nezithethe zabaphulaphuli ziguquka, unxulumano phakathi kwe-manga kunye ne-aine ngokungathandabuzekiyo luza kuqhubeka luvelisa udidi olutsha lobugcisa lwezizukulwana ezizayo ukuncoma nokuziqhelanisa kwakhona.