Ixesha lesixhenxe leeWarlords limi njengenye yezona zahluko zembali ezinamandla, apho amabhongo, ukungathembeki, kunye nokuqhambuka kwemikhosi kwangqubana khona ukuze kuphinde kubekwe ubukhosi. Kude kwiimfazwe ezincinane, iimfazwe ezaliwayo ngexesha elingephi zagqiba imida yokuvela kwezikumkani, ukudilika, kunye neentlabathi zenkohliso eziqhubeka zivakala ngoncwadi, i-opera, kunye namajelo eendaba angoku. Eli nqaku lingena nzulu kwinkxwabangxwa, lihlola iinkcubetho zezobupolitika, iintshukumiso, kunye namabali abantu achaza ixesha lemfazwe. Asiyi kuphanda nje kuphela iimfazwe ezidumileyo zeRed Cliff neGuand kodwa likwakwayintlukwano zemizwano kunye nezibonelelo ezikhoyo ezishiyekileyo emva kweminxelo.

Ingcamango Yezobupolitika Eyadala Abaphathi Bemfazwe Abasixhenxe

Ukuze uqonde iimfazwe, kufuneka kuqala uqonde isiphithiphithi ekwavela kuso abalawuli bemfazwe. Ulawulo lwamva lwaseMpuma uHan lwahlaselwa kukunganyaniseki kwenkundla, ukuphatha kakubi, kunye nokuvukela okusasazekileyo kwabalimi, ngokubalulekileyo iYellow Turban Gauvern ka 184 AD. Urhulumente osembindini, obuthathaka nodaliweyo, walahlekelwa ngulawulo lwephondo. , i-Luki, i-astern yengingqi nenkokeli zomkhosi zabucala zabucala, iguqula amaphondo abe yi-fifroms. Intengxube enjenge-[FLT: 0] i-Cao[FLT], umlawuli onobuchule kunye nobuchule bobugrogriti; [FLT:] u-FLT] u-ejuntine, u-Geneade.

Into eyenza aba balawuli bemfazwe babe “bangquzulana ii-"ans zamandla abo qha kodwa yayingezondlela zabo ezithe ngqo zokufumana igunya. UCao Cao Cao, osoloko eboniswa njengomlawuli onobuqili kodwa ophumelelayo, wasebenzisa utshintsho kwezolimo kunye nolawulo olusembindini. Liu Bei wazipeyinta njengenkokeli elungileyo yamaConfucius enenjongo yokubuyisela iHan. Sun Quan, ekuqaleni ebuthathaka kakhulu, inkqenkqelekileyo, kunye noluphini lwazo lokwakhela inqaba esezantsi. Unxulumano lwabo, ukungcatshaza, kunye nezivumelwano zexeshanalo zicwangcisa iqo lodabishini elandeleyo. Ukucatshulwa kweli xesha, [[FLT] Brinican' ukungena kwabo kuBuBukumkani obuthathu[FLD:1]

Idabi LaseGuandu: Uloyiso Oluqatha Ngobuchule Nobuqili

Ngo-200 AD, ubuso obusuka eGuandu phakathi [kuFLT:0] iCao Cao kunye ne[FT:2] Yuan Shao yaba yimfazwe eyagqibayo ukuba ngubani olawula umntla. Yuan Shao, kwintsapho ehloniphekileyo, wayalela umkhosi omkhulu wamadoda angaphezulu kwekhulu elinamakhulu alithoba 000, angaphezulu kakhulu kwe-10 000. Kwiphepha, Yuan Shao wafumana nzuzo yonke: amajoni, amaphondo atyebileyo, kunye nesinyuko esinamandla kwi Hebhei. Ukanti, iphulo laba ngumzekelo wencwadi wendlela ephezulu enokuthi asetyenziswe ngayo ngobuchule.

Imfazwe ecwangcisiweyo neMigca yokuNika

Isigaba sokuqala sabona uYuan Shao ezama ukunyanzela ungquzulwano olungqalileyo, ukwakha iinkampu eziqinisiweyo kunye nokudubula iinkampu zikaCao Cao ngomlilo onqamlezayo. UCao Cao, eqonda ukuba akanakukwazi ukuma okuzikhusela, esebenzisa imisebenzi yomhlaba kunye neenqaba zobuchule ukuphelisa uYuan Shao. Indawo yokujika yafika ingekho kwimigca yedabi kodwa kwimigca yokulungiselela. Umkhosi omkhulu ka Yuan Shao wafuna uloliwe omkhulu welogist, owenziwe kwindawo yokugcina i-o ebizwa ngokuba yi-Wuchao, egao, egalelwe ngumqhubi omkhulu wemikhosi etyhazayo etyhafayo.

ICao Cao Cao ngokwakhe wakhokela uhlaselo lobusuku olunamandla kunye namawaka alishumi aphezulu, uXu You, owasuka kwinkampu kaYuan Shao emva kwempikiswano yobuqu, watyhila indawo kunye nokungalawuleki kwemibhobho kaWouchao. Oku [[FLT:] kuqwalaselwa, Cao Cao Cao ngokwakhe wakhokela uhlaselo olunamandla kunye namawaka angamawaka amahlanu aphezulu, afihlakele kwimisonto kaYuan Shao. Bashenxalazela iziphumo ezitshabalalisayo ezitshabalalisayo zeYuan Shao, bafaka iziko, bafaka iziko, bafaka imfutho zengqoko, babulala imikhosi yakhe exhobileyo exhobileyo. Oku [[FLT]] uhlaluzo oludiweyo lwemfazwe yaseGuandu[FLT] [12:1] lubalase iziphumo zohlaselo olutshabalalisayo, kodwa umkhosi wasentla womkhosini owalungenisa umkhosini womkhosi, uVuo, uVulmanisdu, uVulllk) olunamandla, uVulllllsalele uHao

Idabi LeeNkukuma Ezibomvu: Umlilo, Umoya Nokuzalwa Kwehlabathi EliyiTripartis

Akukho mfazwe yamajoni emfazwe ethatyathwe njengeyenzelwe okanye ebaluleke kakhulu kunemfazwe yase ``Red Cliffs' kubusika bo-208-209 AD. Itsha ngokudibanisa umntla, iCao Cao Cao yajika umkhosi wakhe omkhulu. Umkhosi unyuke waya kutsho kumadoda angama-80 000 kodwa malunga nama-2200,000/isweddard, ejolise ekutyumzeni abalawuli bemfazwe basemazantsi [[FLT:]] USun Quan [ kaWodlt no [[FLT:] Liu Bei wemeko ebhadulayo. Iphulo labonakala lingenamdlamza. Iphulo libonakala liqinile. Abasemazantsi, banyanze umdibaniso ophelelwa liphucukileyo, ukuba bajongene nikezelwe kukutshatyalaliswa.

Iqhinga lomkhosi wamanzi kunye neFektam ephetheyo

Imikhosi kaCao Cao yasentla, eyayiqhelene namahashe nelizwe elomileyo, yayingaqhelananga nemfazwe yomkhosi wamanzi. Ukuphepha ukugula, wabophelela iinqanawa zakhe kunye, wadala iqonga elizinzileyo lokuqhuba. Esi sigqibo, ngoxa sasivakala ngecebo lokuthuthuzela amajoni akhe, sadala ukuchanabeka okukhulu. Abaphathi bemikhosi ababedibeneyo, ababekhokelwa nguZhou Yuu (UnguGuan’s jongwen) kunye noZhuge Liang (U Bei’dvisor), bachaza umlilo njengesitshixo. Balungiselela iqela lenqanawa “emlibo."", isikhephe esikhawulezayo, esithwelwe yingcongolo eyomileyo, i-oyile, kunye ne-mipunder .

Xa umoya osuka kumzantsi mpuma wempuma wathi ekugqibeleni wafika, ihecreang Gai yakhupha imikhosi yomlilo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Aang Cao Cao ehamba ngematyathanga. Imfazwe ebangelwa yimfazwe yasasazeka ngesantya esimandundu, ijika uMlambo itshone. Amajoni omhlaba ahlasela iinkampu zasemntla. Isifo, esisele sityhafile iCao Cao's, sayifaka intlekele. Umkhosi warhoxa ucima ngokutshayeka, uphulukana uninzi lwamajoni awo ukuze abulale, atshone, atshone, kunye nezifo ezihamba ngendlela ezinamfula. [[FLT: 0] intsingiselo ye-RedFluffs [Fo Calp:1] ayinakunqandwa ngokusisigxina: iCao Cao Cao, isongelwe nguMquans, ummandla oqinileyothi we-Y . Ngoku uGwayiTholt .

Ungquzulwano EMzantsi: Iphulo Lokulwa

Ukufa kwenjengele enkulu uGuan Yu ezandleni zemikhosi yeSun Quan ngo-219 AD kwaphelisa umanyano olubuthathaka lukaWu-Su-shu kwaye kwamisela iqonga lolunye ungquzulwano olukhulu. ULiu Bei, ngoku ozimisela ngokwakhe njengoMlawuli waseShu Han, wabulawa yintlungu nomsindo ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ngumntakwabo ofungelweyo. Ngonyaka wama-221 AD, waqalisa uhambo lwesifungo mpuma nxamnye no-Vu, wakhokela umkhosi omkhulu wokukhulula uJing Proviment kunye nowokuphindezela uGuan Yu.

Umgibe Wemithi Evuthayo

Iphulo lokuqala labona uLiu Bei ephumelela uloyiso oluninzi, enyanzela umkhosi we-Wu phantsi komphathi oselula uLu Hun ukuba ungene nzulu kummandla wawo. Lu Xun, nangona wayegxekwa ngabaphathi bakhe ngenxa yokubonakala kwakhe engabonakali enyanisweni, waqonda ukuba iintambo ezinde zikaLiu Bei kunye nobushushu basehlotyeni zizakuthatha umngcipheko. Wala ukubandakanyeka kwidabi eliphezulu, endaweni yoko warhuqa umkhosi waseShuwa ekwindawo enzima, ekhusini yeYiling (umhla wanamhlanje uYang).

Xa umkhosi kaLiu Bei wanwenwa wancipha phakathi kwamakhulu enkampu ehlathini ukuze aphephe ubushushu, LuXun wabetha. Ukuqalisa uhlaselo lomlilo olulungelelanisiweyo, njengalowo waseRed Cliffs, wabeka ihlathi. Iinkampu zaseShu zatshiswa zatshiswa nguthuthu, kwaye umkhosi waphelelwa ngamandla. ULiu Bei wasinda ngokuphandle nobomi bakhe, ebalekela eBaidicache apho wagula khona kakhulu. Ukuwa kwamajoni kaYaling Shuhan axhudhud, ukuchitha imikhosi evamile kunye nobuncwane obuzaza kubamba ukulwa kwakhona. Yaqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo luka-Shuge Liu lwasemazantsi kwaye waphelisa naliphi ithemba lokuhlola ithafa lempuma empuma. Imeko ezingokweempuma ingcuka.

Iingqimba ezilibalekiyo kunye nokwenzeka phantsi

Ngapha koko, amadabi amathathu athe kratya, ubudala beeHolors Ezisixhenxe babuzaliswe ziingxabano eziphawulekayo, nangona zazisoloko zigqugqisile, ezayila imaphu. Olu ngquzulwano lubonisa ukuba abantu basoloko bezama ukungenelwa kweli xesha.

Isivumelwano Sokulwa NoDong Zhuo Nedabi Lepass YaseHulao

Phambi kokuba umbano wophando oluqinileyo, uzwilakhe uDoglot uDong Zhuo uDog Zuo [Flt] u-Luyoyang] wathatha ulawulo lwekomkhulu leHan, Luyoyang, esusa umlawuli oselula kwaye efaka umlawuli womatshini wokulwa. Ngo-190 AD, umnqophiswano wempuma-mfazwe, kuquka iCaon Yao, Yuan, ne Sunian (uyise ka-Sun), wayila ukumgxotha. Imfazwe yomfuziselo kaHulao Pass yaba yindawo ephambili, ebala imbali edumileyo, eyaziwa kakhulu imbali eyaziwa phakathi kweLü neShogle, uLuu, u-Yuan, kunye noZeueueve, njengedrathi ye-Foth [Fothromes], u-Pronetic, u-Erced, u-Ercengle, uGroueve, uGrouede ephu ephu, uVung, uLung, u

Uloyiso Lwelanga KwiSouthlands

Ngexesha izikhulu zasemntla ezazilwa eGuandu, injengele eselula egama lingu- USun Ce (Umkhuluwa kaSun Quan) yayisenza ubukumkani kwimali eninzi yeYangtze develi. Ngeqela elincinane elinikwe nguYuan Shu, Sun Ce walwa ngeliso elicwangcisiweyo nabaphathi bemfazwe abanobundlobongela abafana noYan Baihu noLio Yao. Iphulo lwakhe lwaphawulwa ngu-omforce, i-hermasmas short, iliso elinamandla abaphathi bephondo, kwaye iliso elinamandla lokulawula kwephondo. Ilanga leNtshona ye-Ce labeka unyuko lobukumkani baseMpuma. Ukufa kwakhe kungqhinondolo olusuka kuMlondisotho wasekhohlo kwelizwe lomkhosi wakwaSun ukuya kuMvumi, kodwa walukwanelela umkhosi womkhosi wakwaCali emkhosini Cali elungelela kwiminyaka elungileyo.

Ingcamango Ekrelekrele Ebangela Iimfazwe

Ukuhlalutya la madabi kutyhila iimfundiso zomkhosi ezathi zaphembelela amanani amajoni. Ixesha eliphakathi labona ukusetyenziswa kweengcamango zemfazwe zamaTshayina amandulo, ingakumbi ezo ze Ubugcisa bemfazwe [, ngeendlela zolwelo kunye noloyiso.

  • Iintelligece kunye ne-Espionge: UVino olunjengoGuandu luxhomekeke kwicandelo eliphezulu lokwephuka (Xu Wena) kunye nokuwohloka kotshaba ngokwentengiso. UCao Cao wayeyingcaphephe yemisebenzi yengqondo, ngokufuthi esebenzisa oonobumba kunye namarherhe ukudala ukungavisisani phakathi kwabaphathi abaphikisanayo.
  • IFO njengeNtloko ePhambili yoMkhosi: Ukusuka kwi Red Cliffs ukuya kwi Yiling, uhlaselo lomlilo lwaba yeyona ilungelelanisayo, ivumela amandla amancinane, akhawulezayo ukutshabalalisa imikhosi emikhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kokusingqongileyo kwendalo `umoya, uhlaza, nemisinga yamanzi, kwabhenela kulwazi oluntsonkothileyo lwexesha lokusebenza.
  • Imfazwe yobuNtu: Abalawuli bakhawuleza bafunda ukuba umkhosi uhamba esiswini sawo. Ukuthunyelelwa kwendlela yokunikezela, ukutshiswa koovimba, nokudinwa kobuncwane botshaba kwakuthandwa kwimijelo ephambili. Icebo likaFabian kaLu Xun eYaling lichaza le ndlela engangqalanga.
  • Izixhobo ezinamandla: Ulwelo lwenkqubo yemfazwe luthetha ukuba utshaba lwezolo lunokuba lumxhasi wanamhlanje. Umanyano lwelanga-Liu eRed Cliffs lwalungumtshato woncedo ozalwa ngethuku lokusinda. Ukuwohloka kwalo emva koko kubonisa ukuba amaqhina anjalo ayengonakala xa iimfuno zelizwe langaphambili zingqubana.

Ezi zinto zibalulekileyo azizizo nje iziganeko zembali; ziye zafundwa kwizikolo zomkhosi kunye nezikolo zoshishino ngokufanayo. Uhlalutyo U.S. lomkhosi wamandulo womkhosi wamaTshayina uchaza indlela loo maphulo aphembele ngayo ubugcisa bokusebenza ukutyhubela iminyaka.

Intelekelelo Yesithethe Nomdla Ohlala Ukho

Amadabi ee-Reven Warlody adlula kwiziphumo zawo ezingokokwendalo ukuze abe yintsomi esisiseko yempucuko yamaTshayina kunye nezigqibo zaseMpuma Asia iyonke. Incwadi yeshumi elinesine neshumi elinesine nenkulungwane yencwadi yobuRoma yeThramens yesiRoma seMibhoshongo Ethathu yaguqula ezi mfazwe zaba yimidlalo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha engaqhelekanga, ukuvelisa amaqhawe, iintshatshe, kunye nezigqibo ezilusizi. Inkcube zathi zifana no-“Repliff, kunye no-“Guand" nembali yemfundo ephambili.

Amandla ale ngxelo axhomekeke kuhlobo lwayo olubalaseleyo: iLiu Bei elilungisa kodwa eligwetyelweyo, iCao Cao ekrelekrele kodwa enokuziphatha okungaqondakaliyo, kunye neLanga elinobuchule, elinobungangamsha obuphakathi kwamagunya amabini amakhulu. Imfazwe yabo ibonisa imibuzo engaphelelwa lixesha ngokusemthethweni, ukhokelo, kunye neendleko zamabhongo. Ukuwa kolawulo lwamaHan kwiimfazwe ezinzima asiyongxelo nje yeenguqulelo zezobupolitika; yincwadi yenkcubeko yabantu phantsi kwengcinezelo egqithisileyo.

Izifundo Ezihlala Zihleli Zezobupolitika Nezomkhosi

Ukuwa kwamaTshayina asixhenxe kunye nokuphinda kudityaniswe ekugqibeleni phantsi kolawulo lwamaJin ngo-800 AD kwafika emva kweenkulungwane zokutshatyalaliswa, ukuncipha kwabemi, kunye nokwahlulwa kwemibutho. Eli xesha labonisa ingozi enkulu yokuqhekeka kwegunya elisembindini(a) isifundo sokuba kumkani ngamnye waseTshayina owalandelayo wathatha inyathelo elibalulekileyo. Ukugqalwa phambili kwenkokeli zomkhosi kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kwavela kwimvelaphi ephantsi kwavavanyanisa iinkokeli ezindala, ukutshintsha kwentsebenziswano yentlalo eTshayina.

Ngokwembono yale mihla, isigaba somphathi-mikhosi wemfazwe sinikela izilumkiso ezicacileyo malunga nolwahlulo lwangaphakathi olungenisa isiphithiphithi sangaphandle (izizwe zamanamatheko zakhula ngamandla kwimida yangaphandle xa iTshayina izikhupha ngokwayo) kunye nemfuneko yokuba imikhosi enamandla kunye nolawulo lomanyano. Ukusinda kwe-Wu neShu kamashumi eminyaka kusinde kwimfazwe enkulu ekwisiChwebi sobulumko nenzuzo yelizwe, ukungqina ukuba amandla amancinane, okwexesha elithile, anokungamelana nobunzima obungenakufezeka. Ii-ctans, kwaye indudumo zawo zisangquzula kwimbali, zisikhumbuza ukuba yonke imfazwe, enoba kumlambo ovuthayo okanye kwimigca yehlathi etshayo, amagqaba nzulu ngaphezu komlilo omhlaba.