I-Anime isuka kwibala elincinci lendawo ukuya kwindlu yamandla ehlabathi lonke, abaphulaphuli abanomtsalane kunye nezininzi zayo ezintsonkothileyo, izicwangciso zomsebenzi ontsonkothileyo, kunye noopopayi ababukekayo. Kodwa emva kwesakhelo ngasinye sothotho oluthandwayo okanye ifilimu ikwindawo engabonakaliyo yokusebenza kunye kunye , intluthano ekhoyo, iingcali zobuchule, kunye namaqela asebenza ngokunqamlezileyo asebenza kwikomsitho. Ukuqonda indlela le migudu edibaniselwayo eqhuba ngayo i-injini etyhila isizathu sokuba le nkcazelo iqhubekeka nemfuno yehlabathi lonke. Eli nqaku lihlola iimvo zombutho womsebenzi weqela, ukusuka kwimveliso yemibutho leqela, ukusuka kwimisebenzi yezobugcisa, kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo ezingundoqo.

IAntomy YeAnime Studio

Kukhangelo lokuqala, istudio yoopopayi ibonakala iyinto ekhoyo. Ekuqheliseni, phantse wonke umsebenzi omkhulu uxhomekeke kwiqonga eliphambili ``` upopayi , Studio Ghibli[FLT], okanye [[FLT:] [4] [MAPPA] [okanye nento ephatha izigqibo ezingundoqo zokudala, ulinganiso, kunye necala. Noko ke, isininzi somsebenzi wokushicilela, kuquka ubuchule bomva, ubugcisa bobugcisa, ubucukubheko, kunye noyilo lwesandi, ziphuma rhoqo kwiqela lemibhobho esezantsi enqamlezi, eMzantsi wase-Japan, kunye ne-Vietnam, kunye ne- Vietnam.

Le mveliso yasasazwayo ivumela istudio ukuba zilinganisele imisebenzi yazo kwiprojekthi ethile ngaphandle kokugcina abasebenzi abaninzi bexesha elipheleleyo. Umzekelo, uthotho lweemeko ezinzima njengo [[FLT: 0] Jujutsu Kaisen lufuna ulwando lwezitshixo zeqonga leqonga lokulwa. Isiqalo seqela lesakhiwo sifaka amahala akhululekileyo kunye nabasebenzi abanobuchule bokuphatha ezo nyuko ziphezulu, ngelixa abasebenzi bendlu bejonge ekulondolozeni isandi nophawu. Isiphumo siso sokusebenza kwabo abancedileyo kubaluleke kwimveliso yokugqibela. Phantsi kwemveliso engaphezulu, phantsi kweqonga eliphezulu, isebenza njengesambutho, uninzi lwabasebenzi abasebenza kwimveliso, abakhankani, abakhanyiselwayo, nabahlazinzi bexesha.

Iindima Ezingundoqo Ekwandiseni Kwentengo

Iphulo eliphumeleleyo liquka ikroza lemisebenzi elidlulela ngaphaya komphathi kunye neemfaniso. Indima nganye idibanise, kwaye uphawu lokugqibela luxhomekeke kunxibelelwano olungenamthungo kwisebe ngalinye.

Ukwakhiwa komgaqo-nkqubo

Umlawuli uqhuba imbonakalo yokuyila, kodwa umqambi wongcelele (odla ngokuqesha umbhali) wakha isangqa sonke esibaliweyo. Bobabini bagqiba i-pagla, isandi se-temple-to-episode, kwaye yiyiphi imifanekiso ye-manga ukuze ilungelelanise. Kwiiklasi ezininzi, le nkwenkweli isebenza ngokusondeleyo negcisa ukuzoba isiganeko ngasinye sidubula, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isingqi sengoma esichazayo sihambisana nenjongo yomphathi. Intsebenziswano zicwangcisa iplani yesebe ngalinye.

Abayili bophawu kunye nabaLawuli abaPhawuli

Abayili bophawu bamisela ujongo lweempawu, ukusuka kwiimpawu zobuso ukuya kwimpahla yomzimba. Noko ke, umphathi woopopayi omkhulu (CAD) ungumphathi wendlela yokungaguquguquki. Kulo ludwe, i-CAD ilungisa amawaka emizobo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imbonakalo yophawu, umlinganiselo, kunye nokuma kuhlala kuthembekile kumaphepha emodeli, kwanaxa ephethwe ngesitshixo esininzi esinezimbo ezahlukeneyo. Le ndima ifuna zombini ubuchule nomgangatho oqinileyo, esebenza njengebrorho phakathi kombono wokuqala womenzi we-episodic kunye neziphumo zemveliso.

Izixhobo Ezingundoqo Naphakathi

Amaqhosha achazayo azoba uphakamiso lwentshukumo, elixesha lokushukuma, incopho yokutsiba, ukukrala okuqengqelekayo phantsi kwesihlathi. Kuphakathi zizalisa izithuba ukwenza intshukumo egudileyo. Kwimveliso enkulu, isitshixo ehlukeneyo izalathisi ziphatha imifanekiso ekhethekileyo, nganye izisa ulwazi lwazo lobuqu ngexa idityaniswa nolwimi olubonakalayo. Isiganeko esinye singabonisa ukusikwa kwesiqingatha seqhosha lemihlathi, ngamnye ngesiqu, ngesiqu, ngentshukumisa, okanye ngenkani. ICAD kufuneka idibanise lemirhutha kwiminike epheleleyo, maxa uphinda udibanise ulungelelaniso lwentetho ukuze ugcine isandi.

AbaGcisa abaPhambili, abaGqibi boBuGcisa, kunye nabayili beMibala

Umalathisi wezobugcisa umisela izikripti zombala nesandi somoya ojikelezayo kulo lonke uthotho. Abazobi bezobugcisa bangasemva bapeyinta imekobume/iii-atcapes, amahlathi, ingaphakathi, nto leyo emele ivumelane nobugcisa bomlinganisi kunye neenjongo zomphathi. Ngelixesha, abayili bemibala banika ingqokelela ethile yemibala kwiempawu kunye nemiboniso, ngokufuthi besebenzisa imibala yokomfuziselo ukubonakalisa ukuguquguquka okanye ukukhula kobuntu. Ezi zimo zintathu zokusebenza zidityaniswe ngokusondeleleneyo nomfanekiso womyili, kwaye umalathisi wezobugcisa ukuba yonke imibala ingqinelana nophawu lomboniso.

Abayili Bezandi, Abaqambi, nabasebenzi belizwi

Umculo neziphumo zesandi azikho emva kokucingwa kwi-amime. Abaqambi basebenza nabaphathi bemveliso kwangoko ukwenza imixholo ebonisa iiArcs zophawu kunye nengxelo ebethayo. Incoko yabadlali belizwi emva kokubona ulinganiso olurhabaxa (ngokunye kwanangaphambi kokubekwa kwemizobo) kwaye ukwenza kwabo kuhambelana nexesha lomboniso. Oku kusebenza kufuna umva nomva weqela lesandi kunye nabasebenzi bokulinganisa. Umzekelo, kwidabi lemothe, umqambi angalungisa ingoma yengoma emva kokuba abalungisi bevumise ukusetyenziswa kwemiciko yokulwa, uqinisekisa ukunyuka komculo xa igorhasi libala eliyingozi.

Abavelisi kunye nabancedisi bokuvelisa

Abakhi balawula uqingqo-mali, ucwangciso, ucwangciso, unxulumano kunye nabasandisi kunye namaqonga aqukuqelayo. Abancedisi bemveliso (amaPA) yiglu egcina imveliso edibeneyo: balandela inkqubela-phambili nganye, basasaza izinto kwi-intengiso, badlulisa ingxelo phakathi kwamasebe, kunye nexesha lokusebenza. Kwimeko ephezulu yoxinzelelo apho ukulibazisa kungaphoswa kwizithuba zokudlala, i-PAs zizinto zengxaki ephambili. Amaqela amaninzi eqela aqala imisebenzi yawo njenge-PAs, afunda ukungqubana okuntsonkothile okuntsonkothile komhlaba.

Ubugcisa beCo ­ Producation kunye neenqanawa zombutho

Ezinye ze-at Studio ezikhumbulekayo ziphuma kwimiboniso esesikweni okanye kwimibhobho yesandla efaka amandla amatsha kwifranti. Umzekelo oyintloko ngu-Attack kwi-Titan. I-Wit Studio yavelisa amaxesha okuqala, ifumana indumiso yemisebenzi yayo esebenzayo kunye nemibala eguquguqukayo. Xa uthotho olusuka kwi-MAPPA ngexesha lokugqibela, abalandeli bavakalisa ixhala lokuqala. Kodwa indlela eyahlukileyo yokufikelela kwi-PPAPPA ivela kwimodefiets types nenkqubo yekhamera yolwelo lwento ebhaliweyo ngendlela evakalayo kwaye i-ocence. Olu tshintsho lubonisa ukuba ukushukushuku oku kusetyenziswa kwe-studio, xa kusenziwa ngonxibelelwano olucacileyo, kunolwahluzo olucacileyo, kunokulungiswa nolunokutshintshwa, kunokusetyenziswa kutshintsho.

Izixhobo zehlabathi jikelele ziphinda ziphucule ukwakhiwa kwelizwe. Intsebenziswano ye-netflix kunye nee-studio ezifana iproject I. G ye-[FLT:] i-Gaffast kwiqokobhe: SAC_2045 [[FLT]] okanye neScience STARMU [[FLT:]] ye-CYBBBY ithe yazisa amaqabane amatsha emali kunye nexesha lokuvelisa imveliso. Ezi zidla ngokufuna ukuxubana komsebenzi nemibhobhozo-ya yaseNtshona [1][FUP] kunye nento eninzi. [enye iziphumo ezithe k'enye i-NFFUS] ezikhoyo. [5]

Indlela Abakhululeki Nabenzi Abancedisayo Abanegalelo Ngayo Kwimpumelelo Yamaqela

Ushishino lwe-amime lusebenza kwinethwekhi enkulu yetalente ekhululekileyo. Uninzi lwabaququzeleli, abazobi bemvelaphi, kwanabaphathi-zibonelelo basebenza kwisivumelwano, behamba phakathi kweeprojekthi kunye neendawo zokusebenza. Le misebenzi yolwelo ivumela imveliso ukuba ifumaneke kwindawo ephezulu ````i-antimimimimecha' edumileyo ukuntsonkothileyo, umyili wombala onesiphiwo semibala efana nemibala emhlophe, okanye umzobi wemibala engasemva osebenza ngokukodwa kwizitrato ezihamba-moya ezinemvula ehamba-mastidi. Ngaphandle kwezikhulu, i-studiodiaders azina kukwazi ukusingatha imfunoteko yemiboniso entsha, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuveliswa kwemichiza.

Noko ke, kuxhomekeke kumsebenzi owenziweyo onamandla afuna ulungiso lwentsebenziswano. I-Studios isebenzisa abancedisi bemveliso ukuhambisa ii-flubs, ubume, kunye nezinto zokubhekisa phambili ngokudlula kwimijelo ekhuselekileyo yamafu. Izikhululo zigqibelela izitya zazo ezibekiweyo okanye imvelaphi kwaye azifake kwimo yokuziqwalasela. Umalathisi oyintloko wobuchule ngoko ke uhlola umsebenzi kwaye anike izilungiso, ngokufuthi uphinda-phindo lwezicwangciso-zintlunulo olunenkcukacha kunye nemizobo ebomvu. Ngaphandle komchazizo zonxibelelwano olucacileyo kunye nolawulo loguqulelo, le nkqubo izakuwa phantsi kobunzima bokuchazwa kakubi kwemithunzi. Izixhobo ezininzi ezakhanyiswayo zakha izikhanyiso ezincinane, eziqinileyo ezijikelezayo eziphinda-phindiweyo ezisebenza ngomlinganiselo omninzi wobalo lwe-CD okanye ezinciphisa imigca.

Impembelelo Ebangelwa Bubugcisa Ekusebenzeni Nentsebenziswano

Imveliso ye-anime yakha yaxhomekeka phantse ngokupheleleyo kwimibhobho ephathekayo, kwii-posi, kunye neentlanganiso ezijongene nobuso. Namhlanje, izixhobo zamanani ziguqule indlela amaqela adityaniswa ngayo kumgama. Iinkqubo zolawulo lwempahla ezisekelwe kumafu zivumela abazobi begcisa eTokyo, eSeoul, nase Manila ukuba bafumane incwadi enye ebhabhayo ngexesha elinye. I-Software efana ne-OpenToonz, i-Studio Peach Ex, kunye ne-octraditer-compostart compostart zixhobo ezifana neToon Boom Hamplition yenza ukuba ulwanomek kunye nolwahlulo lwexesha, inciphisa ulwanobo lwexesha elisemva kunye nolwahlulo lwendawo olusetyenziswa ukuthatha iintsuku.

Iiplatfomu zentlanganiso zenyani kunye nezixhobo ezisebenzisanayo zokwenza uhlolo lwebhodi yemibala yenza iintlanganiso zohlolo lwendalo zinokwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba wonk'uwonke ukwigumbi elinye. Abalawuli bangadwelisa ngaphezulu kwefreyimu ngexesha lonxulumano lwevidiyo, kwaye abazobi bemvelaphi bangabonisa ukhetho lwengqokelela yezixhobo ngephanyazo. ICOVID-19 ikhupha ingxolo ekhawulezileyo yokushukuma, inyanzelisa iiskodi ezimelana nolodwa ukuze zifumaneke ezi zixhobo. Ezininzi zifunyaniswe ukuba imibhobho ekude iphucule impumelelo ngokweemeko ezithile zesigaba esithile, ingakumbi ye compostating kunye nombala-matorstingssssssss syntropy, iindlela eziqhutywa ngokweemvakalelo apho ubuso obuchuliweyo kunye nocwangciso oluneyo olunembali lugxekwayo.

Enye indawo yobugcisa kukudibana kwe 3D CGI kunye nomzobo wamanani. Xa i 2D isebenzisana nemekobume ye 3D, i-aimator, i-compositor, kunye ne 3D yemodeli kufuneka zisebenze ngokuvale i tandem. Izixhobo ezifana ne-Bertamer, i-Maya, kunye ne-Uningo ye-Uningo ye-Onflial ngoku idityaniswa nomyinge- 2D imibhobho yolinganiso, ivumela imiboniso edityanisiweyo apho imigca yekhamera kunye nolungiso lwenziwe kwisithuba esahlulo esahlukeneyo. Lo buchule bufuna ukuba kusetyenziswe i-creactive-diactive: i 3D i-Dmater iqonde isimbo se 2Dmator, ngexa i-comporator idlula ngophawu olubala-mfonoboloza. [F3] [F3] [F3] ku-Fogs]

Ukoyisa Ucelomngeni Lokusebenzisana

Ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezicacileyo, intsebenziswano kwimveliso ye-amine izele lukhuhleko. Iixesha losasazo losasazo lusoloko lushiya igumbi elincinane lempazamo. Ukuba isitshixo semfaniso siwa ngasemva, lonke itsheyina (phakathi, umbala, ukudibanisa, ukucinezelwa, ubunjani obusongelayo. Abancedisi bemveliso kufuneka basoloko benxibelelana ngolwandiso okanye umsebenzi wokusasaza, ngalo lonke ixesha lokulondoloza iqela lokuziphatha okuhle. Uxinzelelo lukhulu kakhulu kungcelelelo lweveki ngeveki, apho ukulibaziseka kwemeko enye kungaphazamisa ucwangciso lonke nomngcipheko womsebe wexesha lomsasazi.

Umahluko wokudala ungabangela uxinzelelo. Isitshixo sekhomputha singafaka isivakalisi esibaxiweyo sokuba ingquzulwano nomphathi omkhulu woopopayi obonayo. Kunokuba bakhabe umva wesityalo, abaphathi abanobuchule basoloko bedibanisa ezo zinto ziphumele ngokukhethayo, badibanise amalizwi amaninzi obugcisa. Imveliso engcono iphatha amaxesha anjalo njengeintsontela zokudala, hayi iimpazamo. Studios ezikhuthaza ingxoxo ehloniphekileyo phakathi kwamalungu eqela, "ukuga” ngokusuka rhoqo “kwixesha lokuhlola apho iintlanganiso zokuhlola apho ii-aimator zixubusha ngokhetho lwabo olunemincithano olubonakalayo, hayi iingcinga ukuba zivelisa umsebenzi onamandla.

Imiqobo yonxibelelwano, yolwimi kunye nenkcubeko, yeyoqobo xa idlula kumazwe aphesheya. IStudios eJapan ingasebenza neqela labasebenzi abasebenza kunye eMzantsi Korea, eTshayina, okanye eVietnam apho izithethe zokusebenza zahlukene khona. Ukucacisa izinto, iilayini zexesha, kunye nemveliso yelwimi ezimbini ezibhaliweyo, zinceda ibhulorho. Ezinye izakhiwo zokusebenza zamazwe angaphandle ziqesha abanxibelelani bamazwe angaphandle abathetha ulwimi lwasekuhlaleni kwaye baqonde isithethe seqela leqela lokusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-diodiodio ayidiodwa kodwa ingaqwalaselwa kuphela kodwa iqondelaselwa. Umzekelo, i-fishishishiniyo isenokulindela izikhokelo ezineenkcukacha ezinzulu, ngelixa i-studio ephezulu enceda iqela lemibala iyawachaza amaphetshana arhalalw. Ukunga kakuhle okuzilela okuziweyo, ukulibala, ukulibala, ukusetyenziswa koqingqwa koqingqo-bharal-mali.

Ekugqibeleni, imilinganiselo yoqingqo-mali inganyanzelisa istudio ukuba zisebenzise ixesha elininzi kunendlela ezinokulilawula ngokunempumelelo. Uthungelwano oluthe chatha lwabasebenzi abancinane lunyusa ubungozi bokungaguquguquki--njalo, xa ezinye izikweli zibonakala zibaleka. Izixhobo zokukhokela zilwa oku ngokuhlakulela ulwalamano olude lwexesha kunye nesangqa esithenjiweyo, zisebenzisa ixesha lokuqeqesha nokulungisa imibhobhobho yokusebenza. Umzekelo, iKyoto Oopopayi edume ngokuzileyo igcina iqula iqula elincinane, elizinzileyo kwitalente yendlu kwaye lisebenza ngokufutshane kunye neqaqobana basekuhlaleni abathembekileyo, ukunikezela ngesantya sokungaguquguquki. Ezinye iindawo zokusebenza, njengeBong, zigcina ixesha elijikelezayo lezinto ezikhululekileyo kodwa ezigcina izikhokelo eziqinileyo kwaye zinika ukutsala i-talentaneti ethembekileyo.

Izifundo ezikwiprojekthi ezi-Anime enobuntlola yemifanekiso

I-ayini ephawula izinto ezininzi isebenza njengezifundo zobuchule obudityanisiweyo. Igama Lakho (]Kimi no-Na), ikhokelwa nguMakoto Shintaimpai kwaye iveliswe nguComix Gampy Fillemmms, ibandakanya iminikelo evela kwinani leemfonogfom ezikhululekileyo, iingcali zombane, kunye neqela eliqinileyo elisemgangathweni. Imvelaphi yefilimu yapeyintwa ngabazobi bemicu abakhayibhile kwimisebenzi emincinane, ngoko zaziswa kunye phantsi kwendlela yobugcisa edityaniweyo. Imibala ye-Sshins yasasazwa njengeecond, kunye nomphathi wezobugcisa, iTanioka, i-oki, ingqinelane ngokutyibilikayo kwiziphumo zebhanyazo zezixhobo zebhanyazo zobugcisa.

IHero Academia , eveliswa ngamathambo, ebonakalisa uvavanyo lwesebe langaphakathi. Olu ngcelele luxhomekeke kunxibelelwano olungenaminxeba phakathi kwabaququzeleli, abayili besandi, kunye nabadlali belizwi. Izinto ezibonisa ukulwa komculo zidityaniswe ngemicu ethile engqondweni, kwaye iintlanganiso zokushicilela ilizwi zisoloko zisebenzisa ulinganiso olufutshane nolubalulekileyo lweempendulo zeemvakalelo. Umalathisi wesandi, uMasafimi Mima, usebenza ngqo nombhali u-Haki Hayashi ngexesha lomculo utyhila umgangatho womculo owenziwe ngohlobo oluthile, oxhaswe ngamaxesha amathandathu, ungqina ukuba ukusebenza okujikeleza okuhlala okuhlala okungalingani-onko kwesandi.

Udidi oludala lunika izifundo. Ubugcisa bonyaka ka1998 uCowboy Bebop waveliswa nguSun , kodwa umphefumlo wayo wokudala wavela kwiqela elidibeneyo lezinto ezikhululekileyo, kuquka umalathisi uShinichirō Watanabe kunye noMqambi uYanno, owayila uthotho lwezihlolo. Waqamba isandi ecaleni kwendlela yokudibanisa iproject, indlela edibaniselanisayo eyenza umculo ube ngundoqo kwibali. Izinto ezifana nongquzulwano lokugqibela phakathi kwe Spike noVaria zazifana nomculo obhalwe ngaphambili, ofuna izicakashe ezidiweyo ukuze zishukumane. Le ndlela ifuna ukushunqululo phakathi kom, nombhali wentetho yangoku, kunye nomzekelo wokusebenza kwesandi.

Kutshanje, Demon Slayer: Uqeqeshi oluncinci olunombala lubonise indlela iqela elincinci elingundoqo elinokwandisa ngayo ifuthe lalo ngokulicokisa. I-Ufostable, i-studio esemva kothotho, ilawula uthungelwano olukhulu lwezikhuseli zokulwa ngokulandelelana kwefilimu, kodwa yonke imiba yecomposit-mentithis kunye nombala weminye isakhiwo somgangatho othe ngqo we-adimee-ae, obekwe ngendlela elungeleleneyo yolawulo lwangaphakathi lobuchule bangaphandle.

Ikamva Lendalo Enobungcathu

Njengoko imfuneko ye-amime isanda emhlabeni wonke, ilaphu elisebenzisanayo loshishino liza kuvavanywa. I-stadios sele izama ukudibanisa i-Al-edictive kunye nohlobo oluphakathi kokunciphisa ukunqongophala kwemisebenzi, ezakulungisa indima yabazobi abangabantu. Kunokuba zifake indawo yeqela, ezi zixhobo zinokutshintsha ii-aimagestator kwicala lokudala kunye nomgangatho wolawulo, zifuna iindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisana phakathi koogqirha kunye nababali bemiciko. Umzekelo, i-AI ingavelisa imibhobho phakathi kwemi engundoqo, kodwa i-aimator imele ihlole kwaye ilungise indlela yokusebenza nokusebenza kobugcisa efuna unxibelelwano olunamandla phakathi komatshini beqela lokufunda kunye necandelo lomatshini lokulungisa.

Umsebenzi obekwe kude unakho ukuhlala usisigxina, ukwenza amaqula etalente afikeleleke ngakumbi. Umlawuli waseTokyo angakhokela iqela labaququzeli abasasazeke kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eMzantsi Merika, naseMzantsi mpuma Asia. Oku kuya kufuna ulawulo olungcono lwezixhobo zexabiso, ukhuseleko lwefayile, kunye nocwangciso lwezixhobo ezichaza iingingqi ezininzi zexesha. IStudios efaka ingeniso kwintsebenziswano yenkqenkqele yengi yendalo yentsebenziswano . . Quka nookanye iinkqubo zoguqulelo lwexesha lokwenene kunye nemigangatho ehambayo ehamba-mphicone emhlabeni wonke iza kuba nomphetho wokhuphiswano. Inani elandayo labalandeli be-projeko-dingss eziyaneyo ziya kuqheleke kakhulu, kunye nothotho lwezingcelo lwentlalo lwehlabathi lonke.

Imveliso yeenkonzo zeNtshona equkuqelayo iza kuqhubeka zibumba umda weprojekthi kunye nemisebenzi egqityiweyo. Ezi zinxulumani zinganika inkxaso efunekayo ukuhlawula izibonelelo ezingcono kunye nokunciphisa umlinganiselo wendlela engaqhelekanga, kodwa kwakhona zizisa ugcino-mali olutsha. Ukubeka olo lwalamano ngeli lixa ukulondoloza inkululeko yokudala luza kuba lucelomngeni olusembindini. Ekugqibeleni, izakhiwo ezisebenza kakuhle ziya kuba zezibona intsebenziswano hayi njengento engundoqo kodwa njengesixhobo esingundoqo sokudala, qhaqhaqhaqhazelisa kunye nezo ezahlukeneyo ukuqhuba isizukulwana esilandelayo se-aim. Ikamva lizakuba lingumsebenzi ongenakulibaleka.