anime-history-and-evolution
Iinfe Platms nge Layibrari enkulu yoTshayelelo lodidi
Table of Contents
Kuzo iifekta ezifuna ukuva amabali achaza ushishino, ukulandelela phantsi uthotho lwegama oluqhelekileyo ukusuka kuma 1960 ukuya kwi1990 lulucelomngeni kwaye lulucelomngeni. Ixesha lokuqukuqela lenze uncedo lube lumba ophambili, kodwa asiyiyo iplatfomu nganye ephatha i-amime esele ifanelekile. Ezinye iinkonzo, nokokuba, zakha iisiseko esithe ngqo segama levintabheli eliphikisanayo okanye eligqitha oko ungakukhumbulayo kwi VHS iikhasethi nebhokisi le DVD. Esi sikhokelo sivavanya amaqonga amaplatfomu amadala amakhulu amathala eencwadi adweliso abalaseleyo, indlela ahluke ngayo ngokulandelelana nangemisebenzi, kwaye oko unokukulindela ukuba ukulungele ukuntywila kwimbali.
Isizathu Sokuba Ukwahlulahlulwa Kweendidi Kusebalulekile
Phambi kokuthelekisa amathala eencwadi, kuyanceda ukuqonda isizathu sokuba olu ngcelele lwakudala luhlale lufanelekile. Ekuqaleni i-ayini yazisa iphulo lengxelo kunye nolwakhiwo olubonakalayo olumisela isikhokelo seziphumo zangoku. Ibonisa njenge Astro Boy [63] [iii-Astola] [i-Astola] [i-OVA]) edityaniswe ngoonontlalo kumabonwakude, ngelixa [[FLT:] Brubble Crisission [[FLT][FL]] [12] [12]] ne-FLT] [6] i-FLT] ichaza kwakhona i-Askacha yedrame yezopoliti ye-OVA yoluvolu , ekhuthaza ukuveliswa kophawu olufana nolwe-Stolikiyo olufana nolu .
Ukubukela i-app esesikweni kunika umongo wezikhombisi kunye noluvo oluphothwe kwimifanekiso yexeshana. Ukuqonda [[FLT: 0] Space Battship Yamato kuqinisa uxabiso lwe-opera yesithuba ukusuka ku- Bhoy Bebop ku [[FLT:]] Spacedy [. Ukufumana kwasekuqaleni [[FLT:]] ulupun III umboniso wobucala utyhila iingcambu zemasela i- transpe ephindaphinda ngoludwe. Ababukeli, abaqeqeshi, nabaquququzeleli, abasebenzisa isiseko esitheneyo, abasebenzi bendlela abajongeneyo kwisiqalo esitheneyo, amava amava athe athe athe athe athe athe athe athe ngezantsi.
Into Ebangela Ithala Lencwadi Elinezinto Ezingafaniyo Nezenziwe Ngeplatton Lizimela
Ithala leencwadi elikhulu alikho malunga nenani lemixholo. Ubunjani bokudluliswa, ubukho bendlela zolwimi lokuqala, ukuchana kwemiba, kunye nebhombu echaphazela indlela enokuthi isoloko ithandwa ngayo udweliso oluqhelekileyo. Amanye amaqonga abuyisele imiqondiso emidala kwinkcazelo ephezulu, ngelixa amanye aqukuqela asezantsi akhutshelweyo akhuphe iintsimbi zoqobo. Saqwalasela ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo xa kuvavanywa umsebenzi ngamnye:
- Ubalo lwesihloko sangaphambi-2000 se-anime: umthamo ongalungiswanga wongcelele nomfanekiso-bhanyabhanya.
- [[UMTL: 0] Idesiki egqunyiweyo: ubukho bophawu ukusuka kwi1960, 70, 80, kunye ne 90.
- Ubunjani bevidiyo kunye nokubuyiselwa : iHD umlinganiso ophezulu okanye iinkosi ze SD ezicocekileyo.
- [[UMTL: 0] iinketho zolwimi lwelwimi: ukufumaneka kwezihloko ezisongelweyo kunye neenguqulelo ezithiyelweyo.
- Ingingqi yofikelelo: hayi indlela abasebenzisi enokubabona lula ngayo kumntla Merika, eYurophu, nangaphaya.
- Ilizwi lombutho [[FULT:0].
Ngezo zinto engqondweni, nazi iinkonzo eziqukuqelayo ezinika ungcelele oluqhelekileyo olubafaneleyo.
ICrunychroll: I-Masterseter enobunzulu nokwahlukahlukana
ICrunochroll ligama lokuqala elifika engqondweni xa kuqukunjelwa i-ayini, kwaye ikhatalo yalo esesikweni ikhule kakhulu ukususela ekudibaniseni ithala leencwadi ze-Funimation. Iqonga ngoku line amakhulukhulu ezihloko ezindala ezihamba ukususela kuma 1960. Iipetroli zingahlola yonke into evela kuovulindlela abamnyama nabamhlophe abafana [[[FLT:] [[11] [FLT] [FF] [11] [FFF], [11][10] [FFF], i-Rurounics [FFF] [5].D] [16] [16]
Enye yamandla eCrunechroll lukhuni lwayo ukusonga izihloko kunye nendlela zolwimi oluchaseneyo. Imixholo emininzi ye vintage ivela neenguqulelo ezihlaziyiweyo eziphuculayo kwi DVD endala ekhutshwayo. Kwi-purist, iinguqulelo ezibhalwe ngoonobumba zigcina isandi sakuqala kunye nenkcazelo ebhaliweyo, ngelixa inani elikhulayo lemiboniso yemifanekiso ebhaliweyo lifumene isiNgesi idubs `. Ezininzi zisandul' ukuthunyelelwa ngu Crunchrollroll ngokwayo. Iqongamele kwakhona i-filimi, ukusuka kwi Studio Ghiblies tabtalog (ngokusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo kwimimandla ethile) iibhaymfamethi yemishini eqhosayo enjenge [[FLT:]] kunye [FLD]] ne[FLD2]
Uhambo ngenqanawa lulula ngokwentelekiso: “IClassic” kunye ne-“Retro genre iziphawuli, kunye nokungagqibeki kwamaxesha okunikezelwa, abasebenzisi bafumana iiprojekthi kwi Showa kunye ne Heisei yexesha. Ngexesha idibanise iziva ixinene kwi mida ye-simpust, izihluzi zokukhangela zikuvumela ukuba ulungele ukukhululwa komhla, ukwenza kube lula kwixesha lokuhamba emva. Ithala lencwadi elixhasiweyo linika unikezelo olukhululekileyo lwentengiso olusikelweyo, ngelixa ifakelwa ngentengiso elinganiselweyo, ngexesha lonyuso lwemali evula ngaphandle kokubona. Kumntu nabani na ofuna umqulu oqhelekileyo obalulekileyo ngaphantsi komrhumo omnye, Cruncollyle yindawo eqinile ekwindawo yokuqala.
Ukukhangela iCrunchyroll yodidi lwentengo ye-.
Ukuzihlaziya: Indlu Yamandla Eqela Elinedubi Esetyenziswayo (Ngoku Inxalenye YeCrunchyroll)
Phambi kokuba ikhateography isongwe ibe yiCrunchyroll, iFonimation yakha igama njengendlela yokuhamba- phambili yenkonzo yesiNgesi i-ayini. Izibambi zayo zodidi zihlala zifikeleleka kwi-Crunchyroll app, kodwa ifuthe lembali lenkcazo ifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokwahlukileyo. Kwiminyaka, iplatfomu yayilikhaya lefreenfranschis elachaza ii- 90 kunye nasekuqaleni ko 2000, kuquka [[FLT:] i-Rhumeon Ball[FL:[FL:], [FL:], [FLT], [FLT:] i- trambalg [[3] yezigidi], kunye [FLT] ne[FLT] transGenet]
Unikezelo lweziqu ezipheleleyo zamaNgesi lwenziwe lwalula ukufumaneka kwabaphulaphuli abakhetha ukungafundi zihloko. Ilizwi lendlu lidla ngokufana nezo ziphawulo, kwaye ukuqhelana kwababukeli abatsalekileyo ababenokuthi bashiye iindlela zoopopayi ezindala. Ngaphaya kwedabi, iplatfomu yayinezihloko ezibalulekileyo ezifana [[[FLT:] [FLT:] , iSlaw Star [[FLT:], kunye [[FLT] ne [FLT:] [FLT] [12] [FLT] [12] [FLT].[5] [5] [5]
Kuba ukudibanisa kwasusa yonke into ukuya kwi Crunchyroll, abasebenzisi ngoku bafumana i Fonimations zodidi ngengingqi edityanisiweyo. Uncedo yityala elinye, umrhumo omnye, kunye nethambeka elikhulu kakhulu. Kukhangelo olukhethekileyo lweenguqulelo zesiNgesi-dgubbed zasekuqaleni ko 2000 lubetha okanye usasazo lokuqala lusebenza kumboniso wendlela ende, ukuba umxholo usaphila kakhulu. Ixesha lotshintsho lubone umsebenzi onobuchule ukuqinisekisa ukuba intuthu nemikhondo esezantsi ayizange ilahleke, ngoko ke uyakwazi ukuvuselela ilizwi elibumba iinkumbulo zakho zobuntwana.
Phendla “imixholo esetyenziswa kakhulu eFanimian” ngqo kwinxuwa leCruchyroll ukwenzela ithala leencwadi elipheleleyo elibizwa ngokuba ligama lethala leencwadi.
IHulu: Umxube Ongafaniyo Kamabonwakude Nodidi OluneAnime
I-Hulu ayinakuthengiswa njengenkonzo yokuqala, kodwa ikhatheki yayo ye-aimage ifaka amakhadi ngaphezulu kobunzima bayo kwimixholo ephambili. Ngenxa yokuma ixesha elide kunye nolwandiso lolwakhiwo, iHulu igudla umqulu omangalisayo wothotho lweengqini oludala oluza kusasazeka kumaqonga. Ukukhetha iskews states ezibonisa ukuba umabonwakude uMelika ubekwe ekupheleni koo 90 nasekuqaleni kowama 2000, kuyenza ikhaya elinethe ddule likano olufana [[FLT:] [FF: 0], ne-FFFF: [5], [FFFFFF:], [5], [5]
Owahlulayo u-Hulu bububanzi bawo bungaphaya kwe-amime. Kwizindlu ezisele zibhalisa i-TV jikelele kunye nee-movie, ingqokelela ye-amime yodidi iba yibhonasi eyongezelelweyo ngaphandle komrhumo owongezelelweyo. Umdibaniso wonxulumano we-Hulu uhlela i-amime kwimibhobho ngemiqosholo ehluzi, kunye neyangaphambili i- “Anime Slassics" imikrozo esuka kuma 80 kunye nama-90. Iqonga likwa liquququzelela iqana iStuo Ghibli iifilimu (in the U.S.S.) kunye nezinye iiMakoto Shintaissaike zisebenza njenge [[FL:]
Ubunjani bungatshintsha-tshintshana. Ngexa ulwandiso olutsha lufika kwi HD, iinkqubo ezimbalwa ezindala zisemgangathweni wenkcazelo, kwaye izihloko ezingezantsi zingabonisa ukudlula koguqulelo lwangaphambili okungaphucukanga kokuphinda kukhutshwe kwakhona kwezikhoyo. Noko ke, ukuqukuqela okuthembekileyo kwe-Hulu nokuqulathiweyo kuyenza ibe yindlela engakhuphiyo yokuyifaka kwiqokobhe ngaphandle kokunikela kwinkonzo enikezelweyo. Umboniseli ofuna ukulinga [[FLT: 0] Akira ubusuku obunye [FLT:] K's Phelisa inkonzo [FFFLT:][FFLT]]]
[[UMTL: 0] I-Explore Hulu's aime' kunye necebo lokucoca ngokhupho oluqhelekileyo.
Ukufika Kweqela Elinyulu
RetroCrush iqulathe indawo ekhethekileyo njengekhululekileyo, exhasweyo inkonzo ebhekiselele phantse kwi-ayini eseleyo ukusuka kuma-70, kuma-80, kunye nama-90. Isekelwe kumsebenzi wokugcina nokubhiyozela imixholo yevintage, iye yaba nguvimba obalulekileyo wemiqondiso elahlekileyo kumaqonga amakhulu entengiso. Udweliso lwekhakhakha-khathalo luxhomekeke kumatye anqabileyo: [[FLT: 0] [FLT:] Golgo 13: Ubuchule[FLT: 1], [[FLT:], [[FLT:]] [2] MGOK] [FLT: 3] [3] (onke ungcelelelo lweTV nolwalu-OVE, [FOV], kodwa u-70], [FLD], no-70], uthethomo lwahlukeneyo, [FF]
Umdibaniso wemida weqonga uvusa i-retroade, ngokubhaliweyo okunesiqa kunye ne-CRT- iphefumlelwa ukuba ibonise ukuba ingubani. Ayizami ukukhuphisana nobunono, i-algorith-drive-encomo zeenkonzo ezinkulu. Endaweni yoko, iRetroCrush inika uqokelelo oluthe tyaba lwabantu olufana “Nostalgia Trip,” ne-“OVA Classics,” ne-“Sturrange & Surreal Ane,” igqibele ngenkcazelo emfutshane echaza isizathu sokuba umboniso obalulekileyo. Eli zwi le-ator linika umongo onyusa amava okubukela, ngokukodwa ababukeli abancedileyo abadibana nezi zibizo ngexesha lokuqala.
Umgangatho womfanekiso usuka kwi HD ebuyiselweyo kwi SD, ehambelana noko kusindileyo ukusuka kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukungabi namsebenzi kusoloko kudibanisa ukhuthuzo, kwaye izihloko ezibhalwe phantsi zidla ngokuthembeka kwincoko yasekuqaleni. Ngenxa yokuba i RetroCrush ikhululekile ngezibhengezo, yindawo elula yokungena nabani na ofuna ukuvavanya izibizo zendawo phambi kokuba anikezele kwikhusi ehlawulwa kwenye indawo. Le nkonzo ikwandisiwe ukuquka i-eval app ne Chromast, iyenza ibe lula ukubukela kumabonwakude.
Indwendwelo RetroCrush ukukhangela ikhateograph yabo ejikelezayo yevintage.
I-Netflix: Ii-Classiss eziLayishwe ngokufikelela kwehlabathi lonke
Icebo le-netflix litshintshile kwiminyaka, kodwa ngoku linengqokelela ehloniphekileyo yeefilimu zodidi kunye nothotho olusebenza njengemfundo yokuzonwabisa nenkcubeko. Ithala leencwadi liyahluka ngokwembali ngokwelizwe; kwimimandla emininzi, ungaqukuqela iifilimu ezikwixesha elithile ezifana [[[FLT: 0]] iShell[[FLT:] [[FLT:] [1] [95] [95]] [195] [195], [ii-[FLT], [ii-P] i-Proms Monoke [[FLT], ne-FLT], [iijiningi ye-FLT] kunye ne-Genegnethi yonyulo [injini].[4]
Ngapha kwemixholo ephezulu, ukhetho lwe-Netflix oluqhelekileyo luquka iziganeko zohlolo olude lokubaleka olufana Polémon kunye ne[FLT] Yu-Gi![, olubhenelayo kwi stalic culges kunye nababukeli abatsha ngokufanayo. Iplattontifications kwi HD yokukhetha imixholo yencwadi, kunye nemveliso yayo yokuqala ye-imace irective izinto ezindala, enye ebalase. Ngenxa yokuba i- Netflix isebenza emhlabeni wonke, ibonelela izihloko ezininzi kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo kulwimi ezifana neSpanish, isiJamani, kunye ne Korea, yenza udidi olufikeleleka ngokwenene kuluntu emhlabeni wonke.
Icala elisezantsi alixelwanga kwangaphambili. Iifestile ezinika isiqinisekiso zithetha ukuba ifilimu ekhoyo kule nyanga inganyamalala kwikota elandelayo, kwaye ilayini isenokuziva isasazekile kunokuba ibe yeyabanzi. Sekunjalo, kubasebenzisi abasele behlawulela i Netflix, umgca we-amime ngumgangatho osezantsi wokuhlola imisebenzi yesiseko ngaphandle kokutyikitya iprojekthi. Abazali abangenisa abantwana babo kumgangatho we-[FLT: 0] SAILTY Moon okanye i-RGON ] bazakufumana amaxesha amaninzi elungele ukuqukunga.
Check Netwoflix'’s aimeric kwiphepha lejire kumnikelo wangoku wodidi (ukungena kufunayo).
Amagama Abekekileyo: Iindawo Ezingakumbi Zokufumana Imali Eninzi
Iinkonzo ezininzi ezincinane okanye eziyi-flugi zifanele ukujongwa kancinane kubagqibi. Tubi, iqonga elikhutshiweyo, ijikelezisa ukhetho lwemifanekiso eshukumayo kunye nothotho, kuquka izihloko ezifana [ isigqumathelo esinguMququzi-D [[FLT:] kunye [[FLT:]] ne [[FLT:] Filifi ekhululekileyo yeNyaka yeNyaka[FLT]. Ubunjani bungabethelwa okanye buphoswe, kodwa ixabiso (ikhululekile) liyenza ibe yimvelaphi eqinileyo. [[FLT][5] [ev]
EJapan, [[FTL:0] Ividiyo ye-Amazon engundoqo yase-Japan kunye nogcino-lwazi-lwazi oludityanisiweyo [ luthwala iikhatalogo ezinkulu kakhulu, kodwa lufuna ubuchule bolwimi lwamaJapan. Ukukhupha ibhokisi ye Blu-reyikethi kubandakanya imedia eDibox Media ihlala ingumgangatho wegolide ekulondolozeni nasekulungiseni kunye nokuhoxelelisa i-amachaphane elula kwinani lokuqala lefreyidi, imibala, ixesha kunye noguqulelo lomxholo. Ukukhupha kwazo kusoloko kubandakanya iimpawu ezifana nezorhwebo kunye neendawo ze-TV ezijikelezayo.
Indlela Yokukhetha I - anime Yasekunene Yodidi Olufanelekileyo
Nasi isigqibo esikhawulezileyo:
- Ukuba ufuna ingqokelela enkulu kakhulu : Qala nge Crunchyroll Mega Fan okanye isicwangciso se Fan. Ufumana ithala leencwadi elifa le Funimation, HD xa likhona, kunye neenguqulelo ezintsha.
- Ukuba ukhetha ifomati yamaNgesi kudidi olukhanyisiweyo: Iqonga leCrunchyroll lihlala ngoku zombini imisinga esezantsi nedub; sebenzisa izihluzi ukufumana amaphini aqhelekileyo.
- Ukuba sele uhlawulela inkonzo kamabonwakude jikelele: Icandelo leHulu eliqhelekileyo le-ayini ingagquma ngokwaneleyo ngaphandle kwexabiso elongezelelweyo.
- [[NTL:0] Ukuba uthanda isikwe esinzulu kunye nocoselelo : iRetroCrush ayilingani nakuqwalaselwa nokunambitheka kwayo. Idibaniswe nenkonzo jikelele yokutya okudityanisiweyo.
- Ukuba ungaphandle komNtla Merika: Khangela i Netflix kuqala kwifilim ze Ghibli nezodwa zomhlaba wonke; ngoko wongezwa nge Crunchyroll okanye abahambisi basekuhlaleni.
- Ukuba uqokelela i media ephathekayo: Iwebhsayithi ye Dishotek Media izakubonisa ezona nguqulelo zibuyiselweyo zohlobo olucacileyo lwezicwangciso ezifihlwayo, kwaye ezininzi zifika neekopi zamanani.
Kubalulekile ukuba kubonwe iinkonzo ezijikelezayo. Ngenxa yokuba iintwala zodidi lulwelo, kunyaka olandelayo kusenokuvela umboniso kuRetroCrush uze ufudukele eCrunchyroll. Izaziso zeqonga lokukhangela nokukhangela inxuwa ziyinxalenye yokuzingela ubuncwane obusoloko bunanditshwa ngabalandeli be-aimae.
Ummandla nokhuseleko: Isizathu sokuba indawo ohlala kuyo ibaluleke
Amalungelo aqukunjelwayo e-aimaye ahlulahlulwe kakhulu. Uthotho olusasazwe kumabonwakude waseJapan ngoo 1980 lusenokuba lugunyaziswe yinkampani ephelelweyo yase-U.S., eneekhompathimenti ezincinci eziphelelwe lixesha ngaphandle kokucaca. Ngenxa yoko, iikhareji zengingqi ziyahluka ngokuphawulekayo. Umzekelo, i-Astar: Ingaba Uyalukhumbula uthando? uhlala ubambene kwiimpikiswano zamalungelo ehlabathi, usenza ukuba ingabikho kwimimandla esemthethweni equkuqelayo ngaphandle kweJapane. Ngokunjalo, [[FLT:] umbatho] uninzi olukhoyo eFransi kodwa kumazwe angangeni mangephi amaNgesi ngenxa yomculo.
Phambi kokubhalisela, kububulumko ukukhangela iikhatalogo zeqonga kummandla wakho ngokutyelela amaphepha azo kawonke-wonke ngaphandle kokugawula ngaphakathi. Iinkonzo ezifana ne Crunchyroll kunye ne Netflix zikuvumela ubone ukuba yintoni ekhoyo kwilizwe lakho ngaphandle komrhumo. APDPD ingabonisa kwakhona iilayibrari ezahlukeneyo, nangona zisenokungquba iintetho zenkonzo. Xa kunokwenzeka, ukuxhasa igosa elikhupha u-(ukuphuma okanye ukuthenga iidiski ezisuka kwiinkampani ezifana Discoek Media Media [enssureess ezithe zinokubuyiselwa ngokusemthethweni kwaye zigcinwe ngababukeli bexesha elizayo.
Isizathu Sokuba Kube Nezinto Eziphathekayo Ezisasetyenziswa Kulo Mbutho
Ukuququzelela kuluncedo, kodwa abaqokeleli be-antes zodidi bayazi ukuba iidiski zinika ummiselo. Iinkampani ezifana ne Disotek Media kunye neAnime zihlangule uthotho oluza kuhlala kumthetho. Umzekelo, iBlu-reyi yeDishotek ye ichaza i-'ko'[FLT' [[FLT:]] [1] ibonakalisa ukubuyiselwa kwefreyimo- ngemida engalunganga, igqibelele ngesemva-scenes metats edia athelekelela amaqonga angenayo. Ngokufanayo, [[FLT:]] iMekompate 23[FLT] [[FLT]]] [12]] Blu faka i- REyithi kwiilwimi ezininzi ze-OV, kunye ne-extransmesting transf.[ft]
Ukwakha ithala leencwadi elincinane eliphathekayo lendlela zodidi ozithandayo ekukhuseleni kwi catalog kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba usoloko ufumana unikezelo kuhlobo oluphezulu lohlobo. Iidiski ezininzi ngoku ziquka iikhowudi zokukhulula zamanani ezidibanisa ikopi equkuqela kwilayini yakho yokutshixa, ukudibanisa eyona ingcono kuzo zombini ezikhoyo. Nokuba uhlala ubala kakhulu, khangela ukhupho lwezicwangciso ezikhethekileyo ezingakulumkisa kwimisebenzi efihliweyo ongayi kungayihoya kwimijelo eshwa ngaphandleni.
Isiphelo: IXesha Elilungileyo Lokufumana Ithuba Lexesha Elidluleyo LeAnime
Akuzange nanini na ngaphambili kusebenze kangaka ukuqwalasela ubunzulu bembali. Ukusuka kumthamo opheleleyo wencwadi edityanisiweyo kaCrunchroll ukuya kugcino lwelaser olujoliswe kwi-retroCrush, abalandeli bangazalisa ngolwazi lwabo kwaye balandelele imigca yembali yale mihla ebalisela ngokulula. I-Hulu ne-Netflix zithoba umqobo wababukeli abaqhelekileyo, lo gama iilebhile eziphathekayo zombona bhaqo ziqinisekisa ukuba akukho buchule bushiyekileyo obushiyekileyo ukuwohloka kwigumbi logcino-lwazi. Ngokusebenzisa ezi platifomu `/indlela yokujika, ubunjani, kwaye ukufumaneka kwazo, kwaye ukufumaneka kwazo kungenza ulwandlekazi oluqhelekileyo lwe-avigi, uhambo olunikayo ngenye yembali yobuchule.
Thelekisa amathala eencwadi rhoqo, landela ugcino lweendaba kumsebenzi womnatha wendaba [[FLT: 0], kwaye musa ukuthandabuza ukunqumla- obekukhethwa ngumsebenzisi kuluhlu olunqamlezileyo kuma-folom njenge MyAnime List ukuchaza ukuba yeyiphi iqonga elikhoyo ngoku eligeleza udweliso oluqhelekileyo ofuna ukulubukela ngoku.