Nyaka ngamnye, izigidi zabantu zihlanganisana kumaziko endibano, kwiihotele, nakwiiholo zeziganeko emhlabeni wonke ukuze zibhiyozele amabali, abasebenzi, kunye noluntu oluninzi olubandakanyekileyo kuzo. Ezi ndibano `ezi zisuka nje kwiindibano okanye iingozi] ziye zakhula zisuka kwiziganeko ezisondeleyo ezifana neziqhutywayo zenkcubeko ezithi zime, ziqalise imisebenzi yempangelo, zichaze oko kuthetha ukuba yindawo entle. Ngaphezu kokuba zizinto ezidityanisiweyo okanye ii-astring, iindibano zisebenza njengoovimba abaphilayo bembali ye-fandom, zithabathe iziganeko ezihambayo, ubugcisa, kunye nokuzimodeli. Ngokucaphula indaleko yazo, sinokubona indlela eziye zazenze ngayo iziganeko zenkcubeko.

Ukunyuselwa Kweefendom Ezilungelelanisiweyo

Imvelaphi yesithethe sendibano yayisebutsheni benkulungwane yama-20, xa abafundi bamaphephancwadi enzululwazi angentla baqala ukufunana ngaphandle kwemihlathi. Olu qhagamshelwano lwe-epistoli lwakhokelela kwintlanganiso ze-person, benoluvo lokuba indibano yokuqala yenzululwazi epheleleyo yaqhutyelwa phambili kwindibano yezobukho bembali. Igama leNycon, lafaka iintlanganiso zokuqala ezibhaliweyo zangeekho ka-1969 zentlanganiso yezobunzululwazi, iqela elincinane elikwisiXeko saseNew York. Kodwa isiganeko saziswa ngokuba yindibano yokuqala yentsomi ekha - bhabhabha ekhayo yenzululwazi senzeka ngoJulayi 2, 1939, kwisiXeko saseNew York. Igama leNyPhobo, layithelela kuphela iintlanganiso ze-Carval, ukuvalpy, ukuphikisana nababhali bolwazi bosuku. [[0] I-SCYPromeinvey]

Eyona nto yenza ezi ntsimfa zamandulo zabalasele kwindibano ezininzi namhlanje. Kula magumbi okuqala, abaxhasi babengengobasebenzi abasebenzayo kodwa babenenxaxheba, i-ferzines, kwaye baphikisana ngekamva le-generme. Inkcazo yayikulwa nolwakhiwo lwebutho labantu kunokuba ibe yinzuzo, kwaye le ethos isaphinda ivakalise iindibano zenzululwazi yengingqi ezininzi namhlanje. Kwindawo yokuqala, abaxhasi babengaziyo nje abathengi abasebenzayo kodwa babenenxaxheba, impembelelo eyakuba yibala lendibano ye-firdom kuzo zonke iijini. Ii-1940 kunye nee-1950 zabona ukunwenwa okuthe rhoqo kweendibano zenzululwazi yemintsoko ehambayo eUnited States kunye noBukumkani obumanyeneyo, nganye i-microm, kodwa ikhupha ezinye izilangazelelosiqhulo, iifilimu, kunye nemifanekiso.

Uqukuqelo olunqamlezileyo kunye nonyuko lwezehlo ezinezigwebo ezininzi

Ngexesha leminyaka yee-1960 kunye no1970, isithethe se-fandom saqalisa ukuqhekeka nokudityaniswa. Abaxhasi bencwadi yeComic, ababesoloko bedityaniswa nabathandi bama-sci-fi kwasekuqaleni kwehlabathi, baqala ukudibanisa iziganeko zabo ezinikezelweyo. Imo-mthetho yaqalisa ngo1970 xa iqela elincinane labaqokeleli bemifanekiso yamahlaya bequququzelela iGolden State Comic Comic eSan Diegon, isiganeko esaba iComic-Con International [. Ekuqaleni kwabhekiselwa kwincwadi ezihlekisayo, uhlolo lwemifanekiso eshukumayo, kunye nenzululwazi, oku kuqukuqela oku ekugqibeleni kusanda iziganeko ezinkulu zendalo esasalayo ehlabathini lonke, ukuzoba ngaphezu kwe-110 000 ngonyaka.

Kwangaxeshanye, indibano yamajelo eendaba yabekwa kungcelele lwe-televis njengoluphawu lwe- Trek yaqalisa ukuvela. Eyokuqala enkulu ST Trek indibano yendibano ye-media yaqhutyelwa ngo1972] ngo-1971, itsala amawaka abalandeli abanxanelwe ukubhincwa yintambo yokubhiyozela umboniso orhoxiweyo. Oku kwabonisa ukuba i-fendom inokuba yakhiwe kwindalo enye, kwaye yafaka iliza le vidiyo eqhubekayo kulo mhla nento eqhubekayo. Iminyaka yee-1980 ifana no-AKM, i-Aalls, ikhuthaza umboniso wevidiyo, i-emvini eqala ukukhasa iindibano zakudala, kwaye i-opidem eninzi, xa iindibano ezithenjiweyo ziqala ukunyuka.

Ubuchule Nokwanda Kwezorhwebo

Njengoko iindibano zazikhula, zinezibonelelo zazo. Izinto ezazifudula zisetyenziswa ngamatsha - ntliziyo othando zaba ngamashishini athe kratya. Isikali sezoqoqosho sezi ziganeko sakhula ngokuphawulekayo. Indibano enkulu ingafaka izigidi zezigidi kwishishini lesixeko esimemileyo ngemisebenzi ye-hotele, isidlo, kunye nentengiso. Imeko yezorhwebo yakhula ngeholo ezinkulu apho abavakalisi, amagumbi okusebenza, kunye neenkampani zetoyyyrics zamisa iziteji ezintsonkothileyo zokuveza iimveliso ezintsha kunye nokuvelisa isandi. Iiholo ze-movie ezifana no-Mission neWarner Brots. zaqalisa ukusebenzisa iindibano zokundulula iinqwelo zokulwa, ukuhambisa iinqwelo zokulwa nokuhambisa iinqwelo-mafutha ezipheleleyo kunye nezibhengezo ezisasaza isandi. Olu hlolo olu nxulumano oluneyokuhla phakathi kwendibano nebhrashi yezo zokuzonwabisa.

Kodwa kwananjengokuba imali yayingena, intsebenziswano yeendibano yahlala ikho kumava omntu ngamnye othanda ukudibana. Ukubakho kwakunika ithuba eliphantse libe lisiko lokudibana nabadali abathandekayo, ukufumana imifanekiso eshukumayo, nokuzifica ngolwandle lwehlombe elinye. Kwabaninzi, ingqwalaselo yayingeyontengiso ekhethekileyo kodwa yayiyiyo ingqiqo yokuba phakathi kwabantu abaqonda imbekiselo, umkhwa, okanye ibali ngaphandle kokucacisa. Olu xube lwemizo zentengiso kunye nemithetho engqinelanayo yengingqini yoluntu luphawu oluchazayo lwempucuko yanamhlanje.

Ikrele Elineentambo Ezibini

Utshintsho lwamanani lwalungisa kwakhona iindibano ngendlela ezinzulu. Ekuqaleni koo 2000, kwi-intanethi kunye namaqonga onxibelelwano olunobuntlalo njenge Live Journal, kwangoko iFacebook kunye noTwitter, yenza kwaba lula kubalandeli ukulungiselela, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nokwakha ulangazelelo. IHashtags zivumela ukuxela ixesha lokwenene kumagumbi eqela lenjongo, ngeli lixa iinkqubo zenqwelo-moya zithatha indawo yemimiselo eshicilelweyo. Iifons ezingenakukwazi ukuya ngokoqobo zilandela iziganeko kuhlaziyo.

Olunatshintsho lubalulekileyo lwezobugcisa lwenzeka ngesifo se-COVOID-19. Xa iindibano ze-person zangenzeki ngo-2020, iindibano ezijikeleze kwiqonga eliyinyani phantse ebusuku. Iziganeko ezifana neSan Diego Comic-Coon@ Home kunye ne-intanethi epheleleyo ye-ibrations of Dragon Con zabonisa ukuba inxalenye yamava endibano ingaguqulelwa kwizithuba zamanani. Iindawo zenyani ezikuSonde, ezihlala kwimida ye-Plate, ezikhoyo e-QA, kunye nee-allyeys zamanani zivumela ukuba kungeneleleko kwehlabathi, ngamanye amaxesha ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ngofikelelo oluphezulu kusasazo lwemidathanga. Uphando olusuka kuphengululo olusuka ku-[FLT] [FLD:1] Uphando oluncinci]

Noko ke, imodeli yenyani ibalaselisa oko kwakulahlekile: ukudibana kwe-paseji engekhoyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-athom yeqela kwinqwelo erhuqwayo kutyhila, amandla abonakalayo eholo epakishi epakishini epakishiweyo. Njengoko iziganeko ezidityanisiweyo zibuya, imodeli exubileyo yaqalisa ukubanjwa. Abaququzeleli badla ngokuquka ukhetho oluqukuqelayo lweendawo zokukhetha, ukuvuma ukuba asingomntu wonke okwaziyo ukuhamba. Lo maleko wezobugcisa usisigxina, unyanzelela iindibano ukucinga ukuba ithetha ntoni xa kukho abakhoyo ngokoqobo kwaye abanye bekhona kwifestile yencoko.

Ukudlala Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba

Akukho ngxoxo yeendibano njengeembalasane zempucuko ezipheleleyo ngaphandle kokuhlola imidlalo edlalayo. Ngelixesha iintyatyambo zenxibo zikho kangangamashumi eminyaka, inkulungwane yama-21 yabona ukuqhambuka ukusuka kumsebenzi womva ukuya kumsebenzi osembindini wendibano. IiHolo ngoku zigcwaliswe ngemikrolo ecuthayo, yezandla ezijika umgangatho wesiganeko ube sisixhobo esiphilayo sokubonisa iziganeko. Ukhuphiswano lokudlala luye lwaba yiziganeko, kunye nobuchule obungagqibekanga phambi kwamawaka. Oku kwenza abasebenzisi abathandekayo badibaniswe ngokoqobo, bafinyeze umgca phakathi kwabaphula-ndlebe nomdali. Iguqula usetyenziso olusebenzayo lube yintetho esebenzayo, i-luving.

Ikhomputha ikhuthaza yonke ingeniso encinane yamagcisa athengisa iimpahla, iiwig, iiprop, kunye neenkonzo zokufota. Izixhobo zokunxibelelana zinyusa ukubonakala kwayo, kunye neenkomfa eziqokelela izicelo ezinkulu zendibano. Le nto ibalaselisa umsebenzi obalulekileyo wesithethe weendibano: zinikezela iqonga elilungeleleneyo elinobuchule ukuze umntu ngamnye afumane ukukhanya. Ngaphandle kwendibano, unxibe izixhobo zokulwa okanye ibhombu yokutsala i-ssssssw, ngaphakathi, itsala ukunconywa nokucelwa kwemifanekiso. Oku kuqinisa ukuzichaza ngokobuqu kwaye kusoloko kunceda abantu ukuba baqiniseke kwimekobume exhasayo.

Ukuba Ngumntu Onjani, Uluntu Neendawo Ezikhuselekileyo

Kubantu abaninzi abakhoyo, iindibano zingaphezulu komsebenzi wokuzilibazisa wempelaveki . AmaFandom atsaleleka kwimbali yangaphandle, kwaye umgangatho wendibano uba yindawo enqabileyo apho abantu banokufutha khona ngaphandle koloyiko lokugculelwa. LGBTQ+ abathandi bemibala, abantu abanombala, abantu abanobuntu obudibeneyo, kunye nabanye abasenokuziva bephantsi kobomi bemihla ngemihla bafumana intsapho enyuliweyo ikwimeko engekho mthethweni. Isiganeko siyinto engaqhelekanga apho abantu banokuhlala khona benoxolo apho benoxolo olufanayo, abantu abanoknabantlukwano.

Iinkqubo zendibano ziye zabonakalisa ngokukhulayo le ndima. Iindibano ezizinikelayo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, iingxoxo zempilo, kunye nokudibana kwamaqela athile okuchaza izinto ziqhelekile ngoku. Ukuvela kweendibano ezifana ne-Laving Con, ukubhiyozela i-computer isithethe se-cop, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo eqinileyo equlukileyo eyamkelwa ziziganeko ezininzi ibonakalisa ukukhula kwesazela soluntu se-Hugo Award. Iindibano zisebenza njengeendawo zokuzonwabisa, kodwa njengezokuzonwabisa kodwa nezobupolitika; imidlalo esetyenziswa ekuvumiseni ukuqhankca uhlalu, kunye neendawo ezithelelwayo ezithelelwayo zezoshishino zezezenkcubeko. Ngo- 2015, iiNtlanganiso ze-Puppeydies kwiNko yehlabathi yenzululwazi yenzululwazi yezopolitiki, ezibonisa iimfazwe ezikhoyo ezingqungquthelana zezo zezo zenkcubanisa kuphela.

Iindawo Zolawulo notshintshiselwano Lolwazi Lwengcali

Into ebalulekileyo kodwa etyeshelwa ngamanye amaxesha yindawo yemfundo. Iindawo zolawulo kunye nomsebenzi womsebenzi kwindibano zingenisa unyuko olunzulu lwendlela yokubhala, ubugcisa, ukwenziwa kwemifanekiso. Abadali aba-Emerging bangahlala kwigumbi kunye noochwepheshe abamisiweyo kwaye babuze imibuzo engqalileyo ngoshishino. Ezi ntlanganiso zakha iibhulorho phakathi kwezizukulwana, zidibanisa imbali yokuncokola ngomlomo, kwaye zifaka intsebenziswano entsha. Umbhali obhala iqhina elithandwayo lesixhobo sokugcina ulwazi, umyili wempahla yesixhobo sokulinganisa ikhusi esinelisa imbonakalo yeskrini, okanye umcuphicotho ozimeleyo angabelana zonke iziphiwo zobuchule babo kwindibano esesikweni nesondeleyo. Oku kutshintshiselwano kolwazi kutshintsha indibano yendibano, ukufunda oko kunyakana nobuchule bokuyila iinko yodidi lwendalo.

Iziphumo zezoqoqosho nezenkcubeko

Impembelelo yeendibano idlulela ngaphaya koluntu olunezakhono. Uphando lweebhodi zokhenketho lubonisa rhoqo ukuba amatyala amakhulu abangela umsebenzi othe kratya wezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, iComic-Coon International inika iziphumo eziqikelelwayo zezoqoqosho ezingaphaya kwee-$60 lezigidi ngonyaka kwingingqi yeSan Diego. Iihotele, iivenkile, neenkonzo zothutho zasekuhlaleni zixhomekeke kolu hlolo. Amadolophana afumana ungenelo oluthe tyaba lweendwendwe ezingasoze zityelele.

Ngokwesithethe, iindibano ziphembelela ifashoni, ulwimi, kunye nenkqubo yosasazo. Intsingiselo ye- “geek chic” isenokulandelwa emva kwizitrato ezingaphandle kwendibano. I-Terminology efana “cofic,” kunye no-“inqanawa” isuka kwizithethe eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwilizwe lobulali-mganyana. Ngaphezu koko, iindibano zibangele ukuthandwa kwamajelo eendaba akudala. Iqela elifumana inkxaso-mali elinoludwe oluqhelekileyo lwe-TV linokuxhobisa ukumikiselwa nokuvuselelwa kwemilo. Ukuvuselelwa kweendibano kunamandla okubuyisela ezolonwabo kwiimarikethi, zizenza zibe yi-bar yomculo kawonke-wonke-wonke.

Ucelomngeni Neziqu Zabantu

Akukho ziko lingenangxaki, kwaye iindibano zijongene nocelomngeni olubalulekileyo. Ubungakanani obuphezulu be-mega-events njenge-New York Comic Come idala uxinzelelo lwelogistic, oluneeyure ezikwimigqaba-mva, iindawo zokulalisa ezixineneyo, nomngcipheko wokuthomalalisa amava anzulu. Urhwebo lunyusa uloyiko lokuba ukuchasana korhwebo, apho unxibelelwano lwezidanga nabadali luncitshiswa kukuthanda ukubhengezwa kwenkampani. Amaxabiso okukhangela athengwayo aye anyuka, ngamanye amaxesha asuka kwiintambo zotyani.

Ukukhathazwa kunye nokhuseleko kuhlala kuyinto enzulu. “ukungavumelani nokuhamba-hamba koluntu” kwavela njengempendulo efunekayo kwiziganeko ezikwiindibano, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimigaqo-nkqubo enamandla yokulwa nokunyanzeliswa kolawulo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iindibano zihlala zisamkela zonke kufuna ukuhlala zilindile. Ngaphezu koko, isifo sobhubhani sigxininisa ukuchanabeka kwemodeli; inkxwaleko yempilo kawonke wonke inganyanzelisa ukucinezelwa okubiza izigidi zezigidi zabaququzeli kwaye isongele ukuphumelela kweziganeko zokuzithandela. Ukuphendula kwezi ntlanganiso kuyimfuneko ukuze ziqhubeke zisebenza njengeziganeko zempucuko eziphambili kunezinto ezizithiywe ngaphezulu.

Uluvo Lwengqondo Nesizukulwana Esilandelayo

Sikhangela phambili, imodeli yendibano iyalungiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwemiboniso edibeneyo. Uvavanyo olunyanzelekileyo lwenkqubo ecacileyo lwabonisa ukuba umgama wendawo akusengomqobo opheleleyo, kodwa kwakhona umgama wokoqobo uphathe inkcaso engaqhelekanga. Sibona i-synthesis: kwiziganeko ezigcina ukufumaneka kwamanani ephawulo lweendawo zolawulo-ntloko-ntloko, iiholo zenyani ezisebenza unyaka wonke, kunye ne-intanethi yoluntu ezixhasa uxinzelelo phakathi kwemibutho yonyaka. Oku kudityaniselwa kunakho ukukhutshwa konikezelo olungaqhelekanga ngexesha lokulondoloza umlingo ongundoqo. I-afringi esemaphandleni asenokungaze nako ukuthatha uhambo oluya eSan Diego, kodwa ngoku kanye inokungena kwiqoko lokushicilela iincwadi ezifundisa iingoma, zigcina ithuba lokufaka ithuba lokufaka i-frid.

Iindawo ezintsha ziyaqhubeka ukuvela. Iindibano zemidlalo yevidiyo, isantya somdlalo okhawulezayo njengomdlalo Ofelwe ngokukhawulezayo (umsebenzi okhoyo, indibano eziqukuqelayo), kunye no-Tik Tok- esekelwe kwi- quacess zimela indaleko elandelayo. Utshintsho lwesizukulwana lucacile: Gen Z no Gen-Alphant lulindele ukuba luncedo, amava omntu omntu ovela kwimilo eqela elibekiweyo afihlwayo afiphaza umgca phakathi komntu okhoyo nomdali. Iindibano ziqala ukudibanisa izithuba zomenzi, ukufunxana kwento yokwenene, kunye nokungena kwesixhobo esihlala kwimidathatho yazo ukuze zifake abaphulaphuli. [[FLT:] [FLT] amaphetshana akwizimediants ezikhoyo zaleenjiweyo, amaphetshana angoku athenwayo athenwayo. Oku kuqwala ngokugqibekileyo

Ugcino lovimba wamava okwabelwana ngawo

Mhlawumbi eyona ndima inzulu yeendibano edlalwayo yeyogcino oluphilayo. Iimbali zisoloko zithetha ngembonakalo engaqhelekanga, i-erhemeral ngoku edifini edityanisiweyo, ii-averzine ezidilikayo, idibanisela iifoto ezilahlekileyo kwisantya esinzima senqwelo-moya. Kodwa iinkumbulo ezidibeneyo ezisungulwe kwiindibano ziba yisithethe esidluliselwa ngomlomo. Inkumbulo ezibalwayo ngembonakalo engalindelekanga ye-erhemeral, imbonakalo yefilimu yehlelo eqale yadityaniswa, unyaka owenziwe ngobuchule be-proceroplace ebekwe ngaphandle kwi-phandle ye-msss wit aa aa alamu ikhupha isandi somlilo esitsha nereod, isenza intengiselwano efana nolwazini olupheleleyo. [Frectome] [5]

Isiphelo: AsiyoNtloko

Iindibano zisuke kumakhulu amabini anomdla kwiholo yaseNew York. Ngoku ziziganeko ezintsonkothileyo ezihambisana phantse nazo zonke iinkalo zobomi benkcubeko: ezorhwebo, ezobugcisa, ubugcisa, kunye nemfundo. Zibonisa indaleko ye-fandom esuka kwindawo ethile, maxa wambi umsetyenzana wokuzonwabisa ochuliweyo ube ngamandla alawulayo kwizolonwabo lwehlabathi lonke. Ngoxa ezo ntlanganiso ziza kuqhubeka zitshintsha, iminqweno ebalulekileyo yabantu eyanelisayo, ulwaneliseko, isimbo sokudala, kunye nokumangaliswa okungaguquguqukiyo. Logama nje kukho amabali avuselela ingqondo, kuya kubakho abantu abafuna ukuhlanganisa nokuzibhiyo kunye. Ezo ntlanganiso ziya kuhlala njengeembali zenkcube, itshati engazenziyo, isithinga namazwi embalini yembali.