Iminyaka emithathu yoBukumkani, isahluko esichaza imbali yamaTshayina esisusela kwiwaka linamakhulu asibhozo anamashumi amane anesine AD, sabona ukuwa kohlanga lwakwaHan olwalukhe lwazukileyo kunye nokuvela kwemida emithathu eyoyikekayo: iWei, iShu, neWou. Eli xesha lemfazwe engenazimpi, iintsebenziswano, kunye neengcuba ezidumileyo zavelisa uthotho lweemfazwe ezingakhange zilungise indawo yezobupolitika yaseTshayina yamandulo kuphela kodwa zashiya uphawu olungenakucinywa kwinkqesho yazo, uncwadi, kunye neengcinga zomkhosi. Ukusuka kumanzi avutha eRed Cliffs ukuya kumadanga akwindawo acwangciselweyo eGuandu, ubuchule, kunye neendleko zabantu. Eli nqaku lihlola iindleko ezingundoqo ezikhoyo.

Imbewu YaseChaos: Ukuwohloka KweHan Nokuvela Kwabaphathi Bemfazwe

Ukuze aqonde amadabi oBukhosi obuthathu, umntu kufuneka aqale aqonde ukubola kobukhosi baseMpuma Han. Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesibini AD, inkundla yombuso yatshatyalaliswa yi-pionism, urhwaphilizo, kunye nobuninzi belizwe abahlwempuzekileyo. IOrey Turban Revregion eyingozi yowewaka ka184 AD, nangona ekugqibeleni yayicinezelwe, yabhenca, yabhenca ulawulo lukarhulumente ophakathi kwaye yanika abaphathi bemfazwe bephondo amandla okuqokelela imikhosi ezimeleyo. Njengoko igunya leHan lalingafinyela, amanani afana noDong Zhuoyam lathisela ikowam, lityhalela ummandla kwimfazwe yamakhaya enogonyamelo. Yayiphakathi kolo nyakathisolawulo oluthathu lwama ubukhosi obuthathu oluqala ukulwa phantsi kolawulo lukaCao, uLuu, no-Sun.

Ixesh-xesh engaphambili kokusekwa okusemthethweni kwezi kumkani ezintathu kwachazwa lungcelele lwamaphulo angquzulwano kunye nongquzulwano lwengingqi. Umnqongo ochasene noDong Zhuo we-190 AD, umzekelo, wahlulwa ngenxa yenkcaso engqinelanayo, ebonisa ubunjani bomanyano. Ezi mfazwe zangaphambili zamisela iqonga lemfazwe enkulu ezakulandela, njengemfazwe nganye i-idd ukuhlanganisa ubukhosi phantsi kwebhanile yabo. Ukucaphula ngokunzulu oku kweli xesha lokuguqula, [[FLT: 0] iEyclopaedia Britannica ukungena kweBhodie [FLT] kwiiKings Ezithathu [FLT]] inikeza imeko ethembekileyo.

Idabi laseGuandu (200 AD): Idangatye loMntla

Idabi laseGuandu limi njengenye yezigqibo eziphambili kwimbali yoBukumkani obuthathu, liphakamisa iCao Cao Cao onobuqili ngokuchasene noMntla weyuan Shao. Yuan Shao, ekwakusele kuqiniselwe imimandla yasemntla woMlambo iYellow, yalawula umkhosi wemikhosi engaphezu kwekhulu elinamashumi amahlanu, ngoxa imikhosi kaCao Cao Cao yayino mhlawumbi ngaphantsi kwama-40 000. Idabi, elalilwe kufuphi nomhla ka-Zhongmou eHenan, yayingeyominciphini yamanani kodwa yayingumphathi womkhosi wemilogists, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kunye nemfazwe yobulumko.

Ukumiswa kweSicwangciso Esifanelekileyo NeSimiselo sikaCao Cao

UYuan Shao wabheka ngasemazantsi kwintwasahlobo yekhulu elinamashumi amabini anesithathu AD, ezimisele ukuhlasela utshaba lwakhe. UCao Cao, eqonda ukuba akakhuselekanga kwintsimi evulekileyo, wakhusela indawo yakhe kwidolophu ekhuselekileyo yaseGuandu kunxweme loMlambo iBian. Kangangeenyanga, la mikhosi mibini yajongene nedemon efana nenqanawa erhabaxa, kunye noYuan Shao Shao kunye nompum, ekhuthaza umvalo nobuchule bokuzikhusela xa amadoda aseCao Cao Cao Cao Cao angenamsebenzi. Iphulukelele umphako wakhe, kwaye wacinga ukuba arhoxe. Noko ke, isigqibo sakhe saxhaswa nguMyudolo Xor, owathi wakhuthaza ukuba anyanze uYao nobuchule obunganyanileyo:

Incopho Yokuguquka: UGukao Raid

Ixesha elibalulekileyo lafika xa uCao Cao Cao Cao wafumana ubuchule ngenxa yokwehla kuka Yuan Shao uXo umqhubi wamahashe aphezulu ka-Xu. UXu Watyhila indawo ephambili yokugcina uYuan Shao kwindawo yokugcina impahla eWukao, egadwe ngumphathi oyekelelayo uChunyu Qion. Wasebenzisa ithuba lokuba, Cao Cao Cao Cao ngokwakhe wakhokela uhlaselo lwabakhweli-mahashe abaphezulu abangamawaka amahlanu ngaphantsi kobumnyama, wabaleka iflegi ka-Yuan Shao ukuze abhaqwe. Uhlaselo olungalindelekanga lwabangela ukuba kutshatyalaliswe amabanjwa angamawaka. Indawo yokugcina inqanawe yazaliswa yi-Chun Quion yabanjwa yazalelwa yaza yabulawa yaza yabulawa. Ukulahlekelwa kokutya nokunikezela komkhosi ka-Yuo ngokokuziphatha, okwadidelwa ngu-yuo, kwabaleka amabanjwa angama-800 000 emva kweengxaki abazalelwa kumabanjwa amaninzi angaphambili, abathi batsho batshone iingxaki.

Uloyiso eGuandu ngokusisiseko lwaguqula ulungelelwano lwamandla kumntla weTshayina. Yavumela uCao Cao Cao ukuba achithe imimandla ka Yuan Shao kwiminyaka elandelayo, ekugqibeleni amanyanise umntla phantsi kolawulo lwakhe kwaye abeke isiseko soko kuya kuba buBukumkani be-Wei. Idabi lifundwa ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla ngenxa yokubonakaliswa kwayo kokungangqalanga kwayo kunye nokujolisa umsila wentshaba. Izazi ngembali kwi World History Encyclopedia [[FLT: 1]

Idabi le-Red Cliffs (208-209 AD): Umlilo kwiYangtze

Ukuba uGuandu waqinisa ulawulo lukaCao Cao kumntla, iDada yaseRed Cliffs yaqinisekisa ukuba ubukhosi buza kuhlala buhlukene. Kwikwindla yonyaka wama 208 AD, Cao Cao, usandul'ukuhlanganisa umntla, wanikela ingqalelo yakhe ngasezantsi enomkhosi omkhulu ozimisele ukutyumba iYangtze esethafeni loMlambo. Wakhusela ukunikezela kwePhondo iJing ngaphandle komlo kwaye waxinzelela ngaseMntla wommandla we-Quan emazantsi. Ngokujongene tshabala, izikhulu zasemazantsi uLiu Bei kunye nelanga zaquan zangqubanisa umanyano olungalindelekileyo, zidibanisa iinqanawa zazo kunye nemikhosi yazo zoMntla we-jankerna.

Ukwakhiwa Kwemikhosi

Umkhosi kaCao Cao, ochazwe kwincwadi yembali iRomance yemida emithathu ukuba ibe ngamanani angama-830 000, ngokwenyani ephakathi kwemikhosi yamawaka angamashumi amabini anamashumi amabini anesine kunye nama-240 000, amaninzi awo ayengaqhelaniswanga nemfazwe yomkhosi wamanzi kunye nemozulu yasemzantsi wemozulu ebandayo. Amajoni ahlangeneyo phantsi komyalelo odibeneyo we Zhou Yu (Sun’s Sovaltary) kunye noLiu Bei kawonke-wonke uCheng Pu amalunga ne 50 000, kodwa ayenobuchule obuphezulu bomkhosi wemfazwe kunye nolwazi lwasekuhlaleni. Isigaba samiselwa kwi-I-Iclunce yeYangtze kunye neHanlans, kufuphi ne-Cudins (un Crefbe) kwiphondo lwe-Hubi edimidiyo, nangona kuthenelwa abaphengululi.

Ukudibana komkhosi wamanzi nohlaselo lomlilo

Imfazwe yokuqala yomkhosi wamanzi eRed Cliffs kwiYangtze ayizange ihambe kakuhle kumantla. Amajoni kaCao Cao Cao Cao ahlaselwa kukugula nokuphathwa ngulwandle, ngoko wayalela ukuba iinqanawa zakhe zibotshwe ngamatyathanga kunye ukuze zenze amaqonga aqinileyo. Esi sigqibo sobuchule, xa wayelwa nokuhamba ngesifo, zenza ukuba iinqanawa zibe nengozi yokutshaya. UZhou Yu nomphathi wakhe uHuang Gai wayila iqhinga: uHuang Gai waqhatha uqheke, waqhuba iqela lenqanawa ezixhotyiswe ngobubele, ioli, nengcongolo ezomileyo ngakumkhosi weCao Cao oxhobileyo. Njengoko umoya wawuhamba kakuhle, uHuanglai kwaye wazenza iinqanawa zakhe ezihamba ngetshetshetshe. Inqanawa yemfazwe ehamba emanzini yaza ithene ngokukhawuleza, inqwelo moya ezihamba emanzini ezibonakala zihamba kunye nemigama elikhulu.

Uhlaselo lomlilo lwapheliswa yingquzulwano. Amandla kaCao Cao, asele ediniwe kwaye egula, akhutshwa njengoko uZhou Yu waqalisa uhlaselo olulungelelanisiweyo lwelizwe namanzi. Inkosi yomkhosi ngokwayo yasinda ngokuphandle, ikhokela insalela yomkhosi wayo kwi ndawo ephambukeleyo emntla ngaseHuarong Road, esoloko ikhathazwa yimikhosi esukelayo uLiu Bei's. Ulo lwalondoloza ukuzimela komzantsi wempuma kwaye yakhokelela ngqo ekumisweni okusesikweni kwezikumkani ezintathu: Sun uQuan waqinisa indawo yakhe kumpuma-mpuma (U), Liu Bei waqalisa ukwakha amandla akhe kwisiseko sakhe entshona (Shu), kunye noCao Cao Caucodee entla (Wei). Uhlaluko lwendlela yemfazwe lunokufunyanwa kulawulo lwamadabi. [1]

Idabi lokuLisa (Izilo) (221-22 AD): I-Shu-Ubarbard Eults

Umanyano olwathi lwaphumelela eRed Cliffs lwabonakala lubuthathaka. Emva kokufa kwenjengele kaShu uGuan Yu ngo-219 AD ezandleni zamajoni e-U, intlungu kaLiu Bei yamenza waqalisa uhambo olukhulu lokuziphindezela nxamnye nento awayeyifuna ngaphambili. Iziphumo zaba yimfazwe yaseYaling (ekudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yimfazwe yase-Xiating), omnye umlo apho umlilo nokuzithemba ngokugqithisileyo kwangqineka kungummangaliso.

Iphulo LikaLiu Bei Lokuziphindezela

Kwintwasahlobo ka-221 AD, kamsinya emva kokuba ezichaze njengoMlawuli waseShu Han, uLiu Bei waziqokelela umkhosi owathi unamandla angaphezu kwama-40 000 waza wahamba ngasempuma ukuya kummandla we-Wu ngakuMlambo iYangze. Sun Quan wamisela uLu Xun okrelekrelekileyo ukuba alawule umkhosi. Eqonda amandla omkhosi waseShun, Lu Xun wasebenzisa ucedo lokurhoxa, walucenga utshaba olunzulu kummandla wase-Mude luye uxinekile kwaye ubushushu basehlotyeni balunganyamezeleki. ULiu Bei, egculela Lu Xun njengomfana nje, wenza isiphazamiso esinzima: waphakamisa uthotho lweenkampu ze-mathi ehlathini, efuna umthunzi kumadoda akhe.

Iinferno Ekulobeni

Lu Xun, ejonge ilungiselelo lenkampu yaseShu edibanisa ihlathi nemeko yalo yeplanga, wabona imbali iphinda iphinda iphinda. Wayalela ukuba kuhlaselwe umlilo ngesiquphe, kusetyenziswe izibane ezivuthuzayo kubusuku obungamanzi. Amadangatye avuthuza kwinkampu zaseShu, abangela ukudideka okukhulu nokuguqula intlambo ibe ngumgibe wokufa. Umkhosi kaLiu Bei ude wasuka wabhabhabhabha; wabaleka kancinci phantsi kwesobo-ngo ngobusuku, ebalekela eBaidicardheh apho, waphuka emoyeni nasempilweni, wafa khona kancinci emva koko. Ukoyiswa kukaShuwa kwabangela amathemba okunweba phakathi kwamaphondo amabini. Ukuzinzisa umkhosi wobukhaliphelo wabonisa ukuba umonde unamandla njengobundlobo obuninzi nokugxininisa kwendlela yokuzingela. Iziganeko ezishushu ezidaliweyo kutshonwayo [Fropt]

Ukuwa kukaShu nedabi laseChengdu (263 AD)

Phakathi kwinkulungwane yesithathu, uBukumkani baseWei babusele bufumene ubuncwane obuninzi basemntla kunye namandla abantu, ngoku bulawulwa ngokunempumelelo yiSima jan. "Iinkcasi zegosa uSima Yi. UBukumkani baseShu, phantsi kohlaselo lwemiqobo kaLiu Shan kunye nomphengululi uJiang Wei, badinwa yimibhiyozo ephindaphindiweyo echasene noWei. Ngo-263 AD, iWeigent Sima Zhao yaqalisa uhlaselo oluziilelweyo lokuphelisa uShuwa kanye kwaye wagqibela.

ISigele SaseChengdu NeS Nikence

Ijenali yeWei jikelele iDeng Ai yaphumeza elinye lamaqhinga anamandla kwimbali yomkhosi: wakhokela inkundla ehamba ngendlela yeNtaba iYin Pung ekhohlisayo, indlela eyayigqalwa njengengenakwenzeka kwimikhosi. I-Emedid ingachaswanga kwi-Shuland, iDeng Ai yoyisa umkhosi wasemasimini waseShu, yaye yaya phambili kwikomkhulu, iChengdu. Inkundla yaseChengdu yaphoswa eChengdo yaphazanyiswa luloyiko. UZhuge Zhan, unyana woowesiwawam, wakhokela ukuhlasela okungalawulekiyo kodwa wabulawa edabini. Ngemikhosi ekwayo ekwakungabonwanga nto ithile, uLi Shan wathobela icebiso lomlungiseleli wemikhosi yaseMexilas kwaye wanikezela, waphelisa ubukumkani obude. Lo mfokazi u Zhuan, uxom, ngenyelwa ngumlawuli wesizwe, ekwayi, evumela ukuba angene kwimikhosi yezo elilawulayo, ekwaphunye i-Atsu.

Ezinye Iindima Zomlobongela

Ngapha koko, amaBhuluneli amathathu ayegqugqisile lungxushululu lwezingquzulwano ezabumba icandelo elikwindawo ezilwayo. Battle of Hefei (ekwakufuneke kumaqela amaninzi, ingakumbi i-1955 ne234 AD) yayilungcelele lokugalela apho iSun Quan’s Wuu's , amajoni azama ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukusonakalisa iWei nqaba yase Hefei, inqaba enzima ekhusela indlela ukuya kuMlambo iHuai. U-Zgano'''''' ukhuseleko oluyintle oluneeethathu oluna uhashe olunanyathela amawaka amajoni alwayo eWu, apho inguengundoqonga imfuthoba. [FT] Inqaba enzima yeNtaba i-Aiegnow'i, kunye nenye i-Atsuede, uGhong, u-Aiang, uninzi lwamadul, u-Xu, uGuintshiso

Ilifa leSizwe eliPhakamileyo neleNkcubeko

Impembelelo Kwimfundiso Yasemkhosini

Iimfazwe zoBukumkani obuthathu azingomagama asezantsi embalini; abumba isiseko semfundo ephambili yeMpuma Asia. Ukusetyenziswa kwenkohliso, iinkqubo zobuntlola, uhlalutyo lwendawo, kunye nemfazwe yengqondo eboniswa ngamanani afana no Zhuge Liang, Cao, no Zhou Yu iye yafundwa emkhosini kwii-Academies zomkhosi ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ukuya kweli xesha langoku. Umbhalo wembali [[FLT: 0]] uqokelelwa kwiiBhayibhile ezintathu zoBukumkani , ecaleni kwenoveli yemilophu e-Kinglassss [[FLT] [FLT] [FLT]], uhlonelwayo lweziNtloko Ezintathu zobuGwandileyo zoncwadi lwamaTshayina, kwaye uhlala ufuneka ufunde ubuchule obunjalo bendlela yeTshayina. "iPromesting" ngezixhobo zemfazwe zelizwe ezithenwa.

Ukungafi Kwezithethe Nakwiindawo

Ukuphinda kuxelwe ngezi mfazwe kuye kwadala imidlalo eninzi, i-opera, umhombiso, kunye namajelo eendaba angoku. Kuludwe lwemidlalo yevidiyo efana ne-Koei “iiDynasty Sorers” kunye nemidlalo yamaqhinga efana no-“Imfazwe Yombuso: ama-Bodysn" ukuvala iifilimu ezintathu kunye nemidlalo kamabonwakude, amabali ka-Guan Yu’s, imbeko ka-Cao Cao Cao's Pragmatism, kunye no-Zhuge’s Cange’s captivate abaphulaphuli bomhlaba wonke. [[FLT:]] I-Asbonsociation for Sunity Studies[FLT ]

Izifundo Zezobupolitika Nezabefundisi

Iimfazwe zeli xesha zinikela izifundo ezinzulu ngokulawula. Ukuwa kweHan kusebenza njengesilumkiso ngokuchasene nolawulo oluwohlokayo kunye ne-conodialialism engathintelwayo. Impumelelo yeqela elisemazantsi eRed Cliffs ibalaselisa ukubaluleka komanyano phakathi kwamaqela abuthathaka ngakumbi nesoyikiso. Ngokuchaseneyo, iphulo likaLiu Bei eliyintlekele eYeling ibonisa indlela imvakalelo yobuqu enokuthi iwuyeke ngayo umgaqo wesakhono solawulo, ikhokelela kwilahleko oluyintlekele. Abaxhasi abafana no Zhuge Liang noLu babonisa ixabiso lombono omde wobudoda ngenxa yenzuzo emfutshane yexesha elithile, umgaqo owenziwe kwibhodi kunye nenkqubo yehlabathi lonke. Kwaye kusithothotho lwemeko lwaseShumi, kunye nokunikezela kwayo ngokukhawuleza nokunganciphini kwemithetho ehambisana nokuchasana nokuchasana kwesimilo.

Ixesha loBuBukumkani obuthathu, elatywinwa nguJin dibanisa ngo-800 AD, liseyitente yobukhosi obuhlala buhleli kunye nempembelelo ehlala ikho ekhokelwa ngabantu. Iimfazwe ezachaza eli xesha(Guandu, Red Cliffs, Yiling, kunye nezinye eziseleyo) azizange zingqubane nje kuphela zemikhosi kodwa zaziyimiqobo, amandla ombuso, kunye nekamva. Iziganeko zazo ziyaqhubeka zibonwa kwiimfundiso ezisebenzayo, ubuchule bobucukubhede, kunye neenkumbulo zenkcubeko ezakhuthaza, zenza imfazwe enyanini engundoqo eyayila ihlabathi.