Table of Contents

Zimbalwa izinto ezisetyenziswayo zentsomi ezithandwayo eziye zayidida ingcamango yokuziphatha yabantu ngokungapheliyo njenge Tsugula Ohba neTakeshi Obata'''s Isiphelo sokufa Siphawulo[. Phantsi, livuyiswa ngamandla angaphaya kwengqondo ngencwadi ebulalayo. Ngaphantsi kwento, kodwa, kukho uphando oluxineneyo lwento ehlala ikho: luphelela phi kwaye luqala lubi? Ngokulandela umgangatho wengqondo kaLight Yagami, igma, kunye ne-Suvourism ye Shinigami Ruk, ungk, ungceleleko olukhuthazayokuba imilinganiselo yokuziphatha elungileyo ikholisa umhlaba wonke. Endaweni yoko, ityhila indawo apho kuthelekelela khona amandla ombane, kwaye i-umele i-umbi.

Ukupheliswa Kwemilinganiselo Yokuziphatha

Uhambo lweLight Yagami asikokungena ngesiquphe kwimo engalunganga kodwa kukuwohloka okuthe ngcembe kwendlela yakhe yokuziphatha. Ekuqaleni, ungumfundi ongumzekelo wesifundo `engrang, olawulwa yimigaqo, nosisindwa yimvakalelo enzulu yokukruquka. IDeath Lear ayimonakalisi kakhulu [ njengokuba ityhila i-grain eqinileyo. Ukubulala kwakhe kokuqala kuqhutywa ngumxubevane woko nocaphuko olulungileyo: uvavanya incwadana ebhabhethiweyo kwaye emva koko umkhathazi wendlela, ngoko nangoko ekwenza oku kungabi namdlalo, njengezenzo zokubulala ngokusesikweni. Oku kuzenza kube ngumzekelo wokungalungisi, ukudibaniswa kwengqondo kuchazwa ngu-Albertarand. Ngokubulala u-bomvu, ngokuqhaqhamka kwento yakhe ephuma kwisikolo esiphezulu.

Utshintsho Oluqhubekayo Lokukhanya Kokukhanya Kowe - Yagami

Olu ngcelele lusebenzisa ingqiqo yolwandiso evumela uKwenziwa uluvo lokukhanya ukuba lubangele ukubulala ubuninzi babantu ngaphandle kokuvuma ukuba ityala liphosakele. Inyathelo ngalinye . "inyathelo ngalinye eliphethe iprojekthi, ngoko i-FBI, ngoko abantu abamsulwa abasongelayo ukuba ngu-(is) bakhathaze ngobulungisa bangaphakathi obugcina iintsomi yakhe. Le nkqubo ibonakalisa ingcamango yokungavumelani noluvolo lwengqondo, apho abantu batshintsha iinkolelo zabo ukuze bavumelane nezenzo zabo kunokuba bavume ukuba ziphosakele. Ukukhanya akunakuyamkela ukuba ungumbulali, ngoko uphinde abulale njengendlela efunekayo yokudala ihlabathi elingcono. Ukubandezeleka kokuphatha ii-cognieting ezimbini eziphikisanayo (“Indingumntu olungileyo” kwaye “ndibulala abantu” kuconjululwe ngokulungisa indlela yakhe yokuziphatha de kuphikisane.

UThixo Untsonkothile Yaye Uyakwazi Ukubulala Abantu

Njengoko ungcelele luqhubeka, ulwimi loLight lusuka ekubeni “Ndiza kwenza ihlabathi libe yindawo ekhuselekileyo” ukuya“Ndizakuba nguthixo wehlabathi elitsha.” Olu tshintsho ukusuka kumphathi-gosa osisigxina ukuya kutsho kumphathi olawulayo lubonisa ukonakaliswa kwamandla angacaciyo. Iingcali zengqondo zidla ngokubhekisela kwisifo se-[FLD:0] u-hubris syndromes [, umlinganiselo obonwayo kwiinkokeli ezihlakulela ukuzichaza ngokuzithemba nokuzijongelasela abanye emva kokufumana ulawulo olupheleleyo. Ukukhanya kubonakalisa zonke iimpawu zayo: uzijonga ngaphezu kwesimilo esiqhelekileyo, azijongelandula ukungqubana nenkokeli yomntu. Ulwalamano lwakhe oluziphetheyo ngaphandle koluthi phawu oluneyo oluzibangela ukuba luziphembele ekubulaleni.

Imbono Yabantu AbaneShinigami: Ukungakhathaleli Okukhoyo KukaRyuk

Ryuk serves as a philosophical foil to the humans whose lives he disrupts. He is neither good nor evil in any conventional sense; he is profoundly bored. His decision to drop the Death Note into the human world is motivated by nothing more than a desire for entertainment. This indifference forces readers to view the entire moral drama from an external, amoral vantage point—one that exposes the human need to impose meaning on chaos.

UbuNihilim Nomsholozelo Wokungafi

Ubomi bungaphelelwa lixesha. Xa uLyyuk ethetha ngokusesikweni njengobulungisa, Ryuk ukufumanisa kuhlekisa. Kummandla we Shinigami, ubomi buphelelwe ngumdla ngenxa yokuba akukho kufa. Umela imbono yobunyani apho amaxabiso abantu ehamba kwindalo engekho nto kuyo. Xa u Light ichaza okusesikweni njengokulungisa, Ryuk akukukhathazi. Ukuhleka kwakhe akunanto intsingiselo yendalo: konke ukuziphatha kwabantu kukudlala isithunzi kudonga lomqolo. Oku kubonakalisa isilumkiso sikaFriedrich esithi xa imilinganiselo yesithethe iwohloka, uluntu lumele lumelaneze ngaphandle kokuyila izinto ezintsha. URyuk ukuva oko kulula, nokukyolisa ukudinwa kwakhe kuyinto engokwemvakalelo yehlabathi elingenayo injongo. [Flatoskis] [0]

Indima Yombonisi: Ukungakhathalelwa kukaRyuk njengeNtsebenziswano Yokuziphatha

Ngokungafaniyo nomtyholi ongumKristu olingayo nolonakalisayo, uRyuk akanyanzeli kukhanya ebubini; ujongo nje. Imithetho yenqaku lokufa ibekwa phambi, kwaye Ukukhanya kuzenzela ukhetho lwakhe. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu: igxininisa ukuba amandla omsindo alele ngaphakathi komntu, kungekhona kumhendi wangaphandle. Ukungathobeli kukaRyuk kugxininisa umbandela wokuzikhethela. Ukukhanya akunakubeka ityala amandla edemon ngezenzo zakhe; ububi buvela kwingcinga yakhe. Ngokubeka i Shinigami, u-Ohba engafuni kuthethwa ngomntu ongendawo, hayi kumntu ongendawo nakumgangatho opheleleyo wokuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kwigxandelo lomntu.

L nedabi le Wits njengeMpahla yezengqondo

Impixano phakathi kwe L no L L ingaphezulu kunebali labacuphi; sisibuko sengqondo. L, onegama lokwenene lingu L Lawliet, yiyo ngokwayo krelekrele elingaphandle `igcisa elisebenza ngaphandle komthetho oqhelekileyo kodwa elihlala likhokelwe kumgaqo osisiseko: akukho mntu ofanele abe namandla okugqiba ubomi nokufa. Ukusukuzana kwabo kubhenca iimpendulo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi elaphukileyo: Ukukhanya kuzama ukunyanzela ulungelelwano ngoloyiso, logama L efuna inyaniso ngokubuza ngokungapheliyo.

ILi’s Framework: Okusesikweni Njengokusukela Abantu Abangafundanga

L usondela kwityala loKra ngaphandle kobunyulu bokuziphatha. Usebenzisa uhanahaniso, asebenzise uphando, abeke abamsulwa kwingozi, kwaye avume ukuba “uyidembhisane, uqhathayo” kodwa engabuthandi ububi. Oku kuziqulunqa kwahlula yena kwindlela yokukhanya yokuzifihla ngokusesikweni. Ukuziphatha koLungu kukwenza umgangatho ophezulu; ukholelwa ukuba okusesikweni kufuna inkqubo, nokuba kuphoxekile, ngenxa yokuba amandla angenakunqandwa onakalisa. Iindlela zakhe zihambelana noYohane Rawl , imbono yokungafezeki kobulungisa, apho inkqubo elungileyo iqinisekisa ubuzwilakhe, nokuba iziphumo zisoloko zingekho ngqini. Ukuma okudumileyo, ukunganxiviki kwezihlangu, nokutya okuneswela kweswe ngamathutyana, zifuzisela indlela yakhe yokusebenza ngokuzinzisa inyaniso, ukubonakalisa ukubonakalisa ukubonakalisa kobunyani.

IParanoia, Ukuzimela Wodwa Nendleko KaGeneus

Zombini iL ne L Light zahlukene kakhulu, kwaye oku kuzingca kubangela ukuba zibonakale zigqithise kakhulu ezingqondweni. Ithemba alikho namnye ngokupheleleyo; ihlabathi lakhe libubukhali kunye nokukrokra. Obu bukho bento egqithisileyo buvela ngexabiso lolwaneliseko lwemvakalelo, kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuba ingqondo enyulu iyakwazi na ukuhlala kunye nentliziyo yomntu omntu. Ukufa kukaL kungumhlomelo wesibali walo mxholo: akoyiswanga ngenxa yokuba uLight ulumkile, kodwa ngenxa yokuba uKlo ukulungele ukusebenzisa amandla angaphaya komoya kwaye usebenzisa iintambo ezingokweemvakalelo ezivelelwe ngamatye. Olu ngceleleko lucebisa ukuba ubomi obuyenziswe ngokupheleleyo ekukrokreleni bunga kusebenza kwihlabathi apho uthando lusathwele ubunzima.

Izifundo zolwazi ngezakhono emfazweni: IUtilitarianism v. Deontology

Akukho ngxubusho yenqaku lokufa [[[FLT: 1] iphelele ngaphandle kokuhlolisisa isiseko sentanda-bulumko abasebenzi bayo abayalelayo. Ukukhanya yiprojekthi ezimeleyo, ngelixesha abagxeki bakhe bengaqondanga bamkela identi yento kunye neengxoxo zesidima. Olu ludwe luthatha indawo yedabi yeentsogozo zokuziphatha apho kungekho nkqubo iphuma ingakhuselekanga.

IQela Elilawula Ukukhanya

Ukukhanya kugxininisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba ukubulala kwakhe kuza kuphumela kwinani elikhulu: iimfazwe ziza kuphela, amanani olwaphulo-mthetho azakuphela, kwaye kuza kuza kubakho ixesha elitsha loxolo. Oku kusisenzo sodidi lwezenzo zokulwa, esivavanya ukuziphatha kwiziphumo zayo. Noko ke, ungcelele olubhenca ubumnyama obungacacanga bobucalculus. Ngubani ogqibayo ngembonakalo yolonwabo? Ingcaciso yokukhanya “intle” ishiya nabani na ophikisana naye, ekugqibeleni kuquka ubuvila nabangenamsebenzi. I-Untilityism engenanto ngaphandle kwesiseko esimiselweyo sokuchaza intlalo epheleleyo. [[FLT]]

Izenzo Zomlotha Zisetyenziswa Kwiziko Leenjiko

Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha yendalo, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokunxulumene noImmanuel Kant, igxininisa ukuba izenzo ezithile ziphosakele, kungakhathaliseki iziphumo. Ukuxoka, ukuphamba, kwaye ukubulala ingakumbi akunakugwetywa nokuba zivelise ihlabathi elibonakala lingcono. Ngokubona oku, Ukukhanya ngumbulali ukusuka kwixesha abhala ngalo igama lakhe lokuqala, kwaye akukho xolo olulandelayo lunokucima oko kwaphula umthetho. Olu ngcelele lunika ilizwi kule ndawo ngabenzi bezomthetho abafana noSoichiro Yagami, uyise woLight, ofaka isibopho esinemigaqo esezantsi kumthetho nomsebenzi naxa kukhangeleka kungenasizathu. Uvalo lwakhe olukrokrela unyana wakhe luyilwa kukuxhasa iindleko ezingundoqo zokuxhasa imigaqo yokuziphatha kwihlabathi elilala.

Imilinganiselo Yesidima Nokonakala Kobuntu

Ilens yesithathu, isimilo, ithetha hayi kwizenzo okanye iziphumo kodwa kuphawu lomntu osebenza ngokuziphatha. Ngaphaya Inqaku lokufa , uphawu lokukhanya luyehla ukusuka kwisohlwayo nemfesane ukuya kulawulo olubandayo. Nentsapho yakhe iba sisixhobo. Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha elungileyo, esekelwe kwintanda-bulumko ka-Aristotle, ingagweba olu tshintsho njengokonakala u-udavienia [] ukwanda okuvela kumphefumlo olungeleleneyo. Uludwe lucebisa ukuba naluphi naluphi na ulungiso lobulungisa olufuna utshabalazo lwesimilo luka-Aristolite luziqu. Ngokuphela, uKlelungaluyiyo olunencekileyo kodwa luye lwazihluphayo, luquka noluntu lwakhe, kuquka noluntu.

IPsychology of Buvil: Okusingqongileyo, Igunya Nokungavunyelwa Kobundlobongela

Inqaku lokufa [[FLT: 0] lisebenza njengesifundo sendlela abantu abaqhelekileyo abanokugqitha ngayo kwisiphelo sobubi xa bekwimeko engaqhelekanga. Ingqondo yentlalo ifana nezobungozi.

Ukuthobela KukaMilgram Nempembelelo Yenqaku Elibulalayo

Uvavanyo lokuthobela lukaStanley Milgram lwabonisa ukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo banokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwabanye xa beyalelwa ngumntu onegunya. Inqaku Lokufa lisebenza njengohlobo lwegunya elingaqondakaliyo `imvume enamandla'' etyibilikayo etyibilikayo ebangela ukubulala njengesenzo esifanelekileyo. Xa uKwenye ukhanyiso luvuma ukuba incwadana inyani, ukukulungela kwakhe ukuyisebenzisa kukhula ngegama ngalinye. Umgama ongomzimba nongokweemvakalelo iDeath Leach udala (ukubulala ngaphandle kokubona ixhoba) kunciphisa imiqobo yengqondo, into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-[FLT: 0] edictive-meter yengozi . Uthotho lwezibonelo lwezibonelo: ulkrwelo lwemibugrafizi: ludla ngokuba ngumphumo woburhabaneyo noluninzi. [2]

Imiphumo YaseLucifer: Xa Abantu Abalungileyo Beguquka Bebabi

I-Philip Zimbardo ka-“Lucifer Isiphumo” ichaza indlela imikhosi kunye neendima zenkqubo ezinokuguqula ngayo abantu abahloniphekileyo babe ngabalawuli benkohlakalo. Ukungathandi kokukhanya ukubulala kuyaphela njengoko ehlala kwindima kaKira. Ukungaqondakali kwenqaku lokufa, ukunqongophala kwengqiqo ekhawulezileyo, kunye nokungaguquguquki okubangelwa “kungaqiniseki" kukubulala kwimaphu elungele ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Ungcelele oluthi lwezi-Zimbardo lusebenza njengentsolo: umntu olungileyo oneenjongo elungileyo unokuba yinjini yobubi xa enikwa igunya nengcamango elungileyo ebangela umonakalo.

Okusesikweni, Ukuphaphama Nokungabikho Komthetho

Ityala le Kira linyanzelisa ubalo lweziko kunye nemida yenkqubo yomthetho. Xa ulwaphulo-mthetho luqhubekeka nakubeni kukho imithetho, isilingo sokugqitha inkqubo efunekayo siba sikhulu. Inqaku lokufa [[[FLT: 1] lincina le ntshukumo ngokunyaniseka okunenkohlakalo.

Ukuphaphanyiswa Kwemilinganiselo Yokuziphatha Ecocekileyo

I-Anglikkary ithwala idinga elinxilisayo: okusesikweni ngaphandle kolawulo, isohlwayo ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Ukuvela kokukhanya njengeKira intlaselo yehlabathi, kwaye kwihlabathi eliqhelekileyo abemi abaninzi bayamxhasa. Le ngcaso ibonakalisa ukuthomalalisa ingqondo yengxelo elula----(iiivilgnol zikhutshwa ngumsindisi wobulungisa. Kodwa, olu ngcelele luthi khawulezileyo luqale ukuyenza ibe nzima le nto: iKira ayiqalanga nje izaphuli-mthetho ezinogonyamelo kodwa naye nabani na ekugqibeleni obonakala engenanto. Umngqhinga wokuchanaza kulawulo oluqhelekileyo lungaphindiswa ngendlela engoko.

Iinkqubo ezisemthethweni ziphikisana nesohlwayo sokwandiswa kwezomthetho

Abacuphi abasukela iKira bamela umgaqo opholileyo kodwa oyimfuneko. Kufuphi noMello, ilandela uL, ngalinye elikwinkalo ezahlukeneyo zoxanduva olusemthethweni: ukuvuma kukaMello ukusebenza ngaphandle komthetho ukuze kuphele, kunye nokubanda kwakuNear's, ukuqiqa okuquleneyo. Intsebenziswano yabo ekugqibeleni ichaza ukuba umthetho ufuna zombini umgaqo oqinileyo kunye necebo elithambileyo lokulwa nezisongelo, kodwa awumele ulahle isiseko sokuba akukho mntu ofanele axhase amandla obomi nokufa. UKira akangoloyikoyi kuphele nje ulo lomcuphi; kuqinisekisi ofanele akwenze, nokuba ngaba ngabangafezekanga, ukhusela uluntu kwiingcinga zomntu omnye, ezinokubhityekayo.

Izihloko Ezithetha Ngomfanekiso - ngqondweni: Nietzsche, Arendt, noCamus

Inqaku lokufa [[FLT: 0] livakala kwintanda-bulumko yelizwekazi ngeendlela eziyenza iphakame ngaphaya komchwayiti. Aba basebenzi basebenza njengohlobo oluphilayo lweengcamango ezintsonkothileyo, bemema abafundi ukuba banxulumane neenkcuba - buchopho ezisoloko zibambene neziseko zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Ngaphaya kokulungileyo nokubi: Ukukhanya njengeqhabhermesch?

Ngokuphandle, ilinge lokukhanya lokugqitha imilinganiselo yokuziphatha eqhelekileyo nokuyila imbono yexabiso likaNietzsche yokungakhuthazi i-‘bermansch', umntu ovelisa imilinganiselo emitsha ngaphandle komhlambi wokuziphatha okuhle nokubi. Kodwa ukufundwa ngokusondeleyo kubonisa ukuba uKhanyiso lululo olungaphezulu kolumkiso. I-‘‘foonsch’s shorting’sright’s idala ukuphuphuma kobomi obunamandla, kungekhona ngenxa yengqumbo nomnqweno wokusohlwaya. Iprojekthi yokukhanya iphenjelelwa kukufuna ukulawula nokuqonda, kufutshane noko kuzakubizwa yi-Niegzionschesting [[[FLT:]]. Ungceleleko lubandakanya nokucinga kwe-Nietzschew ukungazifuni ukukungakungakuqondisi.

Ukungavisisani Kobubi KwiGunya Lolawulo Lokufa LaseKira

Ingcamango kaHannah Arendt yento e [[FLT: 0] engalunganga. Umothuko awuwufumani umboniso owothusayo kumsebenzi wendlela esetyenziswa nguLight of Death Leach. Ubhala amagama ngokungathi ugqiba umsebenzi we-bhureaucratic. Ngokufuthi xa utya iingceba okanye ukwenza umsebenzi wesikolo wasekhaya. Okukhwankqisa akunamdlako wento engaqhelekanga kodwa kukwindawo yehlabathi, impumelelo epheleleyo acima ngayo ubomi. Ukhathazolo luthi ububi bungabonakala ngokungabinanzeka ngokucinga. Ukwenziwa nzulu kokunganyaniseki kwendlela enokuba yiyo ingqiqo yomntu. Ukukhanya akuthethi ukuba akathangaqini nangoko; akathanga ngesizathu esigqithileyo, kodwa ukuqinisela kwakhe kukhusele intengo yezenzo zakhe. Ungcelele ngoluvo olubonisayo ngoluvo oluphezulu lobuchule.[3][3]

Ukufuna Ukuthetha Nentsingiselo Kwihlabathi ElingenaThixo

Ingcaciso yobulali ye- Inqaku lokufa [[FLT: 1] livumelana nentanda-bulumko ka-Albert Camus. Abantu banqwenela intsingiselo kwindalo iphela enganiki nto, kwaye le ngxabano ibangela inkxwaleko engapheliyo. Ilinge lokukhanya lokuba nguthixo liyimvukelo echasene nokungaqiqekiyo."ukungavumelani kwentsingiselo yakhe nento efihlakeleyo. Ngokuchaseneyo, i-Ruk, iyamkela ubugqhinga nokungaphindi ngxabano; iyanelisa ukubukela umboniso. Olu ngceleleko lucebisa ukuba imvukelo yokukhanya ingento, ijongelwelo kuba ikhanyelo olungundoqo olungenanjongo kwaye lungaphikisiyo ngokobukho babantu. Igosa, iCymosm, isenokuphikisa ukungazinziwa kobungendawo engekho ngqiqweni.

Isiphelo: Imbonakalo Yobuntu

Inqaku lokufa alinyamezeleki ngenxa yokuba linikela isifundo esicacileyo sokuziphatha kodwa ngenxa yokuba liyala. Libonisa abafundi abanomntu obebebe krelekrele nongaqhelekanga, ixhoba kunye nombutho wokonakaliswa kwakhe ngokwasengqondweni. Ngokudibanisa imisonto yentanda-bulumko yokuziphatha, inzululwazi yezentlalo, kunye nophando olukhoyo, oluthi luguqule imbonakalo enzulu yocamngca ngokoko kuthetha ukuba ngumntu. Undoqo lokufa ngokwalo luphawu olude lungazenzisibophelele, lungagwebi, lungenamfesane, kwaye lunganciphi na umbuzo ongunaphakade othi ngamnye wethu amele aphendule ngawo, ngokokuba nelungelo lokuchaza okulungileyo nokubi? Oku kusishiya singenayo, endaweni yokusimema ukuba sihlale sihleli phantsi, mhlawumbi noLmi, uLumvo olulungileyo, mhlawumbi nolunyulu lulu, nolukhetho olulungileyo, olunokhetho olulungileyo, olunokhetho olulungileyo, olunolukukhetha uLmi.