Ungcelele lwe-amime ne-manga luqala ngokukhawuleza lufikelele kwisifundo esinzulu solawulo, i-FLT:1] ngokukhohlisayo: abantwana abahlala kwinkedama edlalwa ziinkedama bafumanisa ukuba bakhuliswa njengemfuyo yezidalwa zeedemon. Okuqala njengento ebangela uloyiko olugqithisileyo kubunzulu bengqondo, i-Equator, kunye nesithunzi eside esiphoswa lungqubano lwenkqenkqeko. UMdali Kai Shirai nengcali yezobugcisa uPouka Demi wakha ihlabathi apho untsholo ngalunye lomgcini wezinto ezifihla ubuxoki, kwaye yonke imisebenzi yobubele ithetha into eninzi. Eli nqaku likhupha imixholo enzulu, ukudibanisa phakathi koonobumba kunye neengcamango ezidumile, ukusuka kwingcamango eziqhelekileyo, ekulawuleni kwendlela yokulawula abantwana.

Ukwakhiwa Kolawulo KwiParadisi EyiParadisi Entle

Lawula ISithembiso iNeverland asisiso isixhobo esithe ngqó kodwa sisixhobo esintsonkothileyo sokusebenzisa iimvakalelo, ukucinezelwa kolwazi, kunye nendlela yokuyilwa kwemekobume. Inkedama ngokwayo isebenza njengepanopticon, apho abantwana bafaka imithetho ngaphakathi kwaye banqabile ukuthandabuza uthando abalufumanayo. Isiseko sengqondo yale nkqubo siyiyo inkohliso epheleleyo kangangokuba ingcamango yokuphuma ibonakale ingena ngqiqweqwe de idiza ibhethe inyaniso. Ukuqonda indlela oku kulawulwa ngayo kubonakalisa ngayo utyekelo lomntu lokwamkela inkululeko.

Inkqubo yefama kwaye yakhiwa

Iifama ezikungcelele olunongcelele aziyondawo nje ephathekayo; zilungelelaniswe kakuhle ekuhlaleni. Abantwana banikwa imfundo eyaneleyo, ukudlala, kunye nobushushu obungokweemvakalelo ukuze bahlakulele “inyama ephezulu" iidemon zinqwenela, ngoxa zigcinwa zingalazi ihlabathi langaphandle. Isabella, umveleli ozalamayo weGrace Field House, uquka umgcini-mikhosi ogqibeleleyo. Udibanisa uthando lokwenene kunye ne-pragmatism, ukudala umxokelelwano owenzakalisayo. Njengoko isazi sengqondo yengqondo ucebisa ukusetyenziswa kwemibutho yempatho yokwenene apho i-othopholiss isebenzisa ulawulo lombane njengendlela yokulawula, into ehlolwayo kwisifundo sokulawula i-conetic House House. Abantwana baqonda ukuba umgangatho wemihla ngemihla yonke, iitagi, i-sctiessss njengoko usenza ucwangciso lwengqondo oluqhelekileyo lwengqondo yabantu abaphilayo, i-Angleeagenernerch i-motey ingqiqo yokuzing i-eances.

Umsebenzi Wolwazi Nokwanda

Ulwazi yimali engundoqo yamandla eGrace Field. Isabella uhlala elawula zonke iikona zendlu kwaye elandela amacebo abantwana. Akacimi nje kuphela izibakala kodwa ulwimi oluzodwa lwemvukelo. Xa u-Emma, uNorman, noRay beqala ukuyila, kufuneka baqale imiyalezo ebhalwe phantsi kunye neendawo zentlanganiso ezifihlakeleyo. Oku kubonisa isiganeko sengqondo “inkcazelo yolwazi,” apho abo banegunya ngabom balinganisela ulwazi olukhoyo ukuze bagcine ulawulo. Uhambo lwabantwana oluya kwinkululeko aluqali ngesenzo esiphathekayo, kodwa ngomntu onobuchule: ukuzuza ulwazi oluphazamisa indima yabo. Imisebenzi yengqondo ephambili njengentlola ka-Illal, ukufunxa iinyaniso zayo ukukhusela icebo lokuhlola, ukugxininisa indlela olukhoyo phakathi kwemeko-okanye nesixhobo solawulo lweziqhubo lwezi, abasebenzisa i-gnetonethi ye-egney.

Ingcamango Yokuzikhethela Kwiziphumelo Ezimiselwe Ngaphambili

Isithembiso uNorland ngokuphindaphindiweyo sichaza iimeko ezivakala ngathi lukhetho kodwa ezinyanzelwe ngokuqinileyo. Abantwana bakholelwa ukuba banenkululeko yokudlala, kodwa izivo ziphawula iindawo zabo. Bacinga ukuba bakhuphisana ngokufumana imvume yokufumana ezinye, kodwa ulandelelwano lumiselwe kwangaphambili ngokuthumela. Le ngcamango yokuzibophelela kukusetyenziswa kwendlela engaqhelekanga yengqondo. Uphando [FLT: 2] luphengululo olukhoyo lokulawula , okokuqala luchazwa yisazi sengqondo u-Ellen Langer, ibonisa ukuba abantu batyekele ekutyekeni amandla abo okuphembelela iziganeko ezithe ngqo okanye ezilawulwa ngamandla angaphandle. Ungcelo oluqala lunamandla kangangokuba kwana emva kokufumana inyaniso, ukuququququzelelana kwethemba lokucinga nge-Eglymagney (iemah) ngokucinga ngethemba okunganye ukulawulwa kwethemba okunganye impumelelo enyanzekeleleneyo.

Ukuphaphamisa Nokuguquka Kwengqondo

Umlinganiselo womzimba kaConny ongaphiliyo ufunyanwa, umhlaba wengqondo ongaphantsi kwe- Emma kunye noNorman udilika. Esi asisoqhinga nje esijijekileyo; sisiganeko esihlasimlis' esibangela ukusabela okuninzi okungokwengqondo. Emva koko ungcelele lubonisa indlela yokwenene abantwana abaqhuba ngayo ukungathembeki okugqithisileyo kwaye ngequbuliso baqonda ukuba ihlabathi liphela libubuxoki. Iimpendulo zabo zikwekufutshane kwingcamango yonxunguphalo, kuquka ukudideka, ukukhanyela, ukudiza ingqondo, kunye neziphumo ezithethsulelwe ixesha elide zokuphila phantsi kwesongelo esingapheliyo.

Ukuwohloka Kwezifo Nokuqhekeka Kwazo

Uvulo oluphambili, abantwana babonisa oko kusenokubizwa ngokuba “yihlabathi elifutshaniswayo” `iqela leenkolelo ezisisiseko zokuba ihlabathi likhuselekile kwaye linentsingiselo. Xa unxunguphalo lungqubana, ipsyche kufuneka ihlaziye indlela entsha yokuzichaza izinto zokwenene. U-Norman ukhawulezile ukuthatha i-arhente ecacileyo ebonakala ibanda, kodwa imela ukusinda okungaqhelekanga: ukuphembelela unxunguphalo lwemvakalelo ukugxininisa ekusindeni kwixesha elifutshane. Emma, ngokwahlukileyo, umisela isiganeko ngentlungu enzima kodwa isenza sigcineke kwisibopho esilukhuni sokusindisa wonke umntu. Oku kubonisa iipali ezimbini zokusabela kobungozi: ukuguquka okugqithisileyo kunye nokuqhutywa kwendlela yemvakalelo. Zombini iindleko zokumelana noo, kwaye zombini zithwala iindleko zengqondo kamva.

Ukungavumelani Kweso Sipho Kwinkqubo Yothando Nokufa

Enye yezona zinto zityebileyo engqondweni lulwalamano lwakhe noIsabella. Abantwana babemthanda; wayezondla, ecula, ewola, njengoko wayethumela abantwana bakwabo. Ukulungisa umama onenkathalo nerhamncwa kufuneka aqhubeke kakhulu engqondweni. Oku kudimazeka kwengqondo okuthi ahlale eneenkolelo ezimbini eziphikisanayo. URay, owayeyazi kakuhle inyaniso ukususela ebuntwaneni, ewulinda, efaka uluvo lokuzilungiselela, xa eceba ukudiba okuphindiweyo, kubonisa ukuchaphazeleka okuyingozi kokungaphiliyo. Akanakukwazi ukudibanisa u-Isabellallah nendima yakhe njengombulali, ngoko ke ubulala iimvakalelo zakhe ngokupheleleyo. Olu ngceleleko lubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba oku kuphazamisa ingqondo: ukuzibulala kokuqala kubonakalisa intengo ephambili yempilo ephambili.

Ihempe kunye nomgibe wokulwa nombane

Xa isicwangciso sokuphepha siqalisa, abantwana baphila kwimeko yokuzibhokoxa okungapheliyo kwe-hyperposarial . Oku kudla ngokucazululwa kuxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo lwenqanawa. Ukunkqonkqoza ngako konke emnyango, intetho etshintshiweyo ebusweni buka-Isabella, ibangela uloyiko. Imizimba yabo isoloko igcwale ikwiehomoni zoxinzelelo, nto leyo ephazamisa ukucwangcisa ixesha elide, njengokuba ilola ixesha elifutshane. Le nto idla ngokucazululwa kulandelwa kungcelele uthotho lwemisebenzi, kodwa Isithembiso uHanland ngokuchukuyibala ngokukruthayo ngeming'o abasebenzi, maxa besenza ingcipheko engekho ngqiqweni, namaxesha apho ithe shwa phantsi koxinzelelo lwengqondo.

Ukuhlangabezana Nezixhobo Zokusebenza, Ukubuyela Ebupoliseni, Nokwanda Kwasemva

Uhambo lwabantwana asiloxesha lokuphuma nje; luyiklasi ephambili yendlela umntu ngamnye namaqela aqhuba ngayo intlungu aphinde anyamezele. Indlela anokumelana ngayo nemeko engafaniyo .

Ulwahluko lokuColisa: Ingxaki-Focud vs.

Izazi ngengqondo zizoba umgca phakathi kokuhlangabezana nengxaki ejoliswe kwingxaki (ukujonga umthombo woxinezeleko ngqo) kunye nokuhlangabezana neemvakalelo ezijolisekileyo (ukujonga ingxaki edimazekileyo). Emma ubonisa ezokuqala, ngokukhawuleza ujikeleza ku-"Simele siphumele kuyo yonke into.” UNorman ugxininisa ekucimeni okucwangcisiweyo. Ekuqaleni uRay uxhomekeke ekuhlangabezaneni nemvakalelo ejongene nemeko yokungaqini noxinezelizeleki, kodwa ekugqibeleni udibane nengxaki yokuqwalaselwa kwemvakalelo. Ibali libonisa ukuba zombini iimpahla ziyimfuneko; ngaphandle kobunzima obungokweemvakalelo, iqela lingaphuka, ngaphandle kohlalutyo lukaNorman, icebo lokulungisa imbono ebandayo, liya kungaphumeleli. Ukuquququzelelwa kukaPhil, iminyaka emine ephelelweyo enokuba yi-ankile ye-ankile yabantwana, libonisa indlela elula yokuzinza ingcukumelana ngayo.

Ulawulo Olungagqibekanga

Udibaniso phakathi kweGrace Field lungaphaya kobuhlobo obuqhelekileyo; luyingozi. Ngokwengqondo, unxunguphalo oludibeneyo lungadala udibaniso olukhulu, ngamanye amaxesha olungenampilo, kodwa kule ngxelo, kuba ngumthombo wamandla adibeneyo. Ukungaziqondi kweentlungu zomnye nomnye umntwana kubenza bathembeke kakhulu naxa ihlabathi libafundisa ukuthemba. “ISivumelwano” sibenza baphume ngokudibeneyo njengesivumelwano sengqondo esibagcina bejonge kwikamva elingaphaya kokuphila. Le ntshukumo iqwalaselwa kwi ingqondo yengqondo , apho iqela ngalinye linokuphazamisanazo ezona ziphumo zobungozi, ukwenza oko kubangela ukuba kubekho ukuma. Noko ke, uthotho lwekliniki lubonisa olunye olumnyama oluthiyo olumnyama, xa kuthe lwawo naxa kusenzeka utshintsho lobomi.

Ukusuka Ekungabini Nanceba Ndaya Kuba Yingingqi Efundileyo

Ingcamango kaMartin Seligman ye efunde ukungazinzi. Iziphumo ezibonisa ukuba abantu abaphantsi kweziganeko ezingalawulekiyo banokuyeka ukuzama ukuphucula imeko yabo, kwanaxa besaba. Abantwana abaselula baseGrace Field baqala babonisa le ntshukumo, kodwa ukhokelo lukaEmma ubafundisa ukuba bangaba negalelo kwiziphumo. Olu hlolo lubonisa inkqubo ebuyayo: isiseko esifundwayo. Ngokuphulula ukuphuma kwimiba encinci, amanyathelo okuzihambela ngendlela elula, kunye nezixhobo zokuhamba, befunda ngemaphu yodonga, bebamba imaphu, abancinane bebuyisela ngokucwangcisa abancinane kwi-eroctive. Oku kubangela isandi: impumelelo nganye encinane impumelelo ekwazi ukumelana nokuchasana nokungalawule kwenkqubo egatyiweyo.

Igunya, Ubuxoki, Nengcamango Yokusebenzisa Inkohliso

Abantu abadala ISithembiso iNeverland asingonochuku olunekhadibhodi; ziziphumo zenkqubo efanayo abaqhubeka beyiqhuba, ezenza ukuba uphatho lwabo lube luchule. Isabella kunye neqela ledemon lisebenzisa isixhobo sokusebenzisa uphatho lwengqondo olusetyenziswa ngokusondeleyo ngamaqhinga ehlabathi enyani asetyenziswa ngamahlelo, amalungu entsapho axhaphazayo, kunye noorhulumente abalawuli abalawuli. Uhlalutyo olu buchule lubonisa isizathu sokuba imvukelo lwabantwana lungaqhelekanga.

Umcinezeli Onamandla Nobotshelelo Olunamandla

Isabella usebenza njengomama ozala impatho exhatshazwa ngexesha elinye. Oku kudibanisa okubizwa ngokuba kukudityaniswa kwengqondo ebuhlungu, apho amaxhoba aqala ukuba neemvakalelo ezintle ngakuxhatshazwa kwawo njengendlela yokusinda. Uthando lwabantwana ngoIsabella alulobuyatha; kukusabela okugqibeleleyo kwimeko-bume apho ukusondelelana nomnakekeli kuyimfuneko ukuze aphile. U-Isabella ngokwakhe ulixhoba lenkqubo, ekhe waba ngumntwana eGrace Field owazenzela ukhetho olutshabalalisayo. Ukuqonda umva wakhe wokuhlasela akuzithethelela izenzo zakhe kodwa kukhanyisa indlela umjikelezo wesitho wengozi onzima owenziwa ngayo kubantwana: oku kuxhomekeke ngayo kumonakalo: okuxhaphaza kuba akukho ndlela yokuzikhusela okukhoyo. Lo mjikelezo uhlolo uthengwa ngobunzulu [FLDictive Trac [5] [5] [5]

Ukuphanda Ngegesi Nokugqwethwa Kwenyaniso

Xa abantwana beqala ukukrokra inyaniso, indlela yokuqala uIsabella asabela ngayo ayiyonkqubo yogonyamelo kodwa iyindlela echuliweyo yokuzikhusela ngengqondo: uyakhaba, uyaphambuka, kwaye ngobuchule ucebisa abantwana ukuba bacinge izinto. Le ndlela yokukhanyisa ibangela umntu athandabuze inyaniso yabo, “‘ inguphawu lokuxhatshazwa kwengqondo. Ngokuthi u-Emma inxunguphalo oluqhelekileyo lokukhula okanye ukugcuma, uIsabella uzama ukulondoloza inkohliso ngaphandle kokubeka isandla kuye. Ungcelele olu hlo luthi oluphazamisa impembelelo ephaphileyo enokuba nabantwana, abamele babambelele kwinyaniso yabo ngoxa bexelwa ukuba ayinyanisile. Ukungavumi kukaNorman ukuba aphendule, ukugxininisa kubungqina bamehlo akhe, kukuvakalisa ukuzimela kwengqondo yakhe nabani nabani na oye walwayo.

Imvukelo Njengophawu Olungachaphazeliyo Ngokwengqondo

Ngokwembono yempilo yengqondo, ukuvukela kwabantwana akusindi nje kuphela. Kukuqhawuka okufunekayo kokusingqongileyo okubangelwa yintsholongwane. Ukuhlala kuqinisekisa ukutshatyalaliswa kobungozi babo kudala ngaphambi kokuba bafe emzimbeni. Ungcelele oluhambisana nokuqonda okusengqondweni ukuba ukuzilawula kuyimfuneko esisiseko yomntu; xa kukhanyelwe, ukugula okucwangcisiweyo. Icebo likaRay lokuqala lokufa ngelishwa lakhe liyingozi, kodwa libonakalisa uhlobo olugqwethekileyo lwe-liquare: ukuba akakwazi ukulawula ubomi bakhe, uya kulawula ukufa kwakhe. Ukunyanzela kuka-Emma kwimfuno yokuzimela ubomi, nokuba kubonakala kungenabuchule, kubonakalisa isigqibo esiphilileyo. Ungceleleko lubonisa ukuba inkululeko, kwanomngcipheko omkhulu, lubalulekile ngenxa yengqibelelo.

Ingcamango yengqondo yehlabathi lokwenene Ecaciswe Luphawu

Esinye isizathu iSithembiso iNeverland ivakala ngokunzulu kakhulu kukuba ihlabathi layo lentelekelelo lakhiwe kwinzululwazi yokwenene yengqondo. Abadali ngethuku elithile basebenzisa iindlela eziye zafundwa yizazi ngengqondo kangangamashumi eminyaka. Ngokuthiya ezi ngcaciso, singaluxabisa ungcelele kungekuphela nje njengokuzonwabisa kodwa njengomboniso wendlela ingqondo yomntu ephikisana ngayo nengcinezelo yenkqubo.

Ukulawula Nokucingela Ngokugqithiseleyo Kwempembelelo

Ufundo lwe-Ellen Langer lwangonyaka ka-1975, " I-Illusion of Lavement," yabonisa ukuba abantu basoloko beziphatha ngokungathi bangalawula iziganeko zesiganeko, ingakumbi xa kukho ubuchule. EGrace Field, iimvavanyo kunye nesithembiso sokufumana umntwana wokukhulisa umntwana ngokutsha zisekelwe kubuchule bokukhuthaza le nkohliso. Abantwana bakholelwa ukuba ukwenza kwabo kungaphembelela ukuba bakhethe abalandelayo, phezu kwako nje ucwangciso olumisiweyo. Le nkohliso ibenza basebenze kakuhle kwaye bazame ngaphakathi kwenkqubo kunokuzama ukulwa nayo. Umsebenzi kaLanger unceda acacise isizathu sokuba abantwana bangabi namvukeli ngokukhawuleza: inkqubo ibanike iziphumo eziqondakalayo zokuzigcina zifakiwe.

Ukungakwazi Ukufunda Nokuhamba Ngendlela Engaqhelekanga

Ngokuchaseneyo, ingcamango kaSeligman yokungabinakuzinceda ichaza isizathu sokuba ukungaphumeleli kokunye ukuphepha kungaphazamisa. Xa abantu bexinezeleka ngokungalawulekiyo ixesha elide, basenokuyeka ukuzama ukutshintsha iimeko zabo naxa amathuba evela. Izalathiso zokuqala zongcelele zibonisa ukungakhathali kwabantwana abaselula xa bejamelene nenyaniso; bafuna ukuphumelela kuka-Emmas ukuphelisa olo ncedo. Kamva, xa uxinezeleko luvela, njengoko uNorman ethumela.

Inkathalo esekelwe kulwazi nendlela yokuphilisa

Nangona ungcelele lonyango lungalubonisi ngokucacileyo unyango, lumisela imigaqo yenkathalo engundoqo yokuzikhusela, ukunyaniseka, inkxaso yoontanga, intsebenziswano, amandla, kunye nobuchule benkcubeko. Ukhokelo luka- Emma ludala ubuchule obuncinane apho ezi zinto zikhula khona nangona zikwimeko ezingezizo. Uqinisekisa ukukhuseleka emzimbeni ngokufihla imfihlo nangokuceba; uyathembana ngokungamniki nabani na; ukhuthaza inkxaso yoontanga ngokugxininisa ukuba wonke umntu unendima; kwaye unika abantwana abancinane amandla ngokufundisa ngobuchule. Ezi zinto zibonisa oko kuboniswa ziingcali zempilo yengqondo [[FLT:] njengoqheliso olulungileyo lokunceda abasindayo. Iziphumo zokuchaphazeleka. Iziphumo aziko zibangelwa zizinto ezinzulu ezikhoyo kulo lonke ixesha lokuchana. Kodwa, ubuchule bokujoyingelana kwemigxosho.[FLT:]

Isizathu sokuba [[UMTL:0] Idinga Elingasithembisiyo [[UMTLL: 1] Lihlala Nathi

Amandla ahlala ehleli awenziwa ngabantwana abalwayo kodwa kukungaxelelwa kwabo ngokungqongqo ukuba batshayelele iingqondo zabo. Iidemon zoyikeka, kodwa eyona nto yoyikekayo kukulawula okubangela ukuba abantwana babe nombulelo ngezikhephe zabo. NgoEmma, Ray, Norman, kunye nentsapho yabo, eli bali linika imaphu yokusinda ngokwengqondo phantsi kweemeko ezibonakala zingenakwenzeka. Ibonisa ukuba intolongo yokuqala isengqondweni, kwaye ke ngoko ke ingundoqo wokuqala. Xa abantwana bephosa iingcamango zabo, bathatha inyathelo lokuqala lokufumana inkululeko yokwenene.

Imixholo yengqondo equlunqwe kwi Isithembiso uHaverland ugqitha kwintsomi. Ithetha naye nabani na okhe wabuza ukuba balawula ngokwenene ubomi babo, okanye othanda umxhaphazi, okanye oye wabuva ubunzima benkqubo ebonakala ingaguquguquki. Olu hlolo aluthembisi ukuba yonke into iphela ngovuyo, kodwa inyanzelisa ukuba ukulwela inkxaso kufanelekile. Ukuqonda iinkcubeko zengqondo ezisemva kokulwa, iingcamango zengozi, ingxhwephe, iindlela zokumelana nobunzima, ubuchule bokusebenza nokusebenza kwento engekho nto intle kodwa ikwasisixhobo sokuzilawula. Abantwana baka-Grace basifundisa ukuba akukho nkohliso yokulawula, kwaye kwana nakwezona ndlela zilawulwa ngumntu, zingafumana ulwanothi kukhululeka, kwaye zifumane ulwahluku.