anime-in-global-contexts
Ianti Esebenzisa Ukwakhiwa Kwehlabathi Kwisikhuseli Seziko: Ukuhlolwa Kwezakhiwo Zesosi Nezixhobo Zamandla
Table of Contents
Amandla Ezoqoqosho Ezithelekelelwayo
I-Anime iqhele kakhulu ekumiseni ihlabathi elityebileyo nelingenamsebenzi elisenza okungaphezulu kakhulu kunokulungiselela isigqumathelo somsebenzi nedrama. Xa abadali beyila iincubeko zentelekelelo ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya phezulu / begqibele ngemibutho yabo, imisebenzi yokusebenza, izakhiwo, izakhiwo zenkampani kunye neendawo zelizwe-odola zendalo. Bayila iirejitali zendalo zokuhlola iingcamango zezoqoqosho zehlabathi lokwenene. Ngokuyekelela imithetho yezorhwebo, ulwabeko, kunye namandla ombuso, ezi ngxelo zityhila indlela ingqwalaselo yolwalamano lwabantu, ikhuthaza ngayo ukulingana, kwaye iguqula impucuko indalo iphela. Isiphumo siziphumo zivakala zivakala zizinto zombini ezicacinezelayo kwaye zifaneleke, zisebenzisa i-fishyn, i-efishbs, kunye nezicwangciso-everplan-splan esting zibulsssssss
Izinto ezilandelayo zihlola indlela yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokutsala, nokuqwalasela ukwakhiwa kwehlabathi ngenkcazo yezoburhulumente bobukhepitali. Siza kuhlolisisa ubuchule bokuyila inkcubeko eyenza uqoqosho lwentelekelelo lube yizithuthi zentlalo, uphando lwezingcelele ezizintlu-mbini, ukukhupha izixhobo zokubala ezikhulisa i-critique, kwaye siqwalasele incoko yenkcubeko egcina ezi ncoko zihleli phakathi kwabalandeli nabaphengululi. Ukutyhubela phambili, ukuqwalasela phambili kwindlela ukwakhiwa kwezixeko zentlalo--ntle, imithetho, ubugcisa, kunye nokungalinganiswa-manani (* kuvelisa ubuchule obungundoqo ekuthetheni kwebali, ukusetyenziswa kombane, ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi, ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi, nokuhlonel abantu.
- Ihlabathi elinenkcukacha livumela impembelelo engokwentlalo yokuqiqa ngenkqubo yobukapitali ngaphandle kokwenza uqheliselo.
- Ngokufuthi iinkqubo zezoqoqosho zibonakala zinamandla abangela abantu bangabi namdla aze anikele ingqalelo kumandla.
- Iingcali zonyango ziquka izilumkiso ezingaqhelekanga zedysthiopian ukuya kwimibutho echuliweyo engekho zobupolitika.
- Uhlolisiso oluninzi nolwemfundo lubangela ukuba ezi zithethe zibe ziincoko ezibanzi.
Ukwakhiwa Kwehlabathi Njengesixhobo Senkqubo
Ubuchule Bokusebenzisa Imali Engekho Ntsomi
Ukwakhiwa kwe-amime akufane kuzenzekele. Xa ungcelele lwesixeko siyila isixeko esilawulwa ngabantu abasebenzisa ibhayoloji, ingingqi yesithuba exhomekeke ekusebenzeni ngokungekho mthethweni, okanye ibutho labantu lasemva kwemfazwe apho i-alchemy ithatha indawo yoshishino, yakha isiseko esidityanisiweyo semithetho abanokuyivavanya ngokuchasene nolwazi lwabo lwezoqoqosho. Ezi nkqubo zentelekelelo zivumela ukuba iingcinga zokwenyani zibalasele utyekelo lwezikomkhulu, ukuqikelelo, ukuthelekelela, ukushwa, de abaphulaphuli bangabi nako ukuyihoya. Abaphula baxelelwa nje ukuba ubukhapitali bubangele ukungalungisi; babukela oko kuvakalayo kwihlabathi elivakalelwa ngokungqinelanayo, okwenza ukuba ii-criqueadiom, kunye noluvo.
Ukwakhiwa kwesiseko esinamandla somsebenzi womsebenzi wehlabathi kukwakhuthaza. Umqhubi ovukela urhulumente wenkampani, umrhwebi olawula ikamva lokutya okuziinkozo ukuze asinde, okanye umsebénzi ofumanisa ukuba umzimba wakhe ulawulwa ngumzi - mveliso . Zonke ezi ngxelo zidibanisa izibonda zobuqu nemikhosi elawulayo. Isicwangciso sisebenza njengomthombo wemfazwe kunye nesiseko senkcazelo, ebonisa isizathu sokuba abasebenzi benze ukhetho. Lo mqhami unika amandla akhethekileyo okuguqula iingcamango zezoqoqosho zibe yimidlalo yoluntu, ngokufuthi sifikelele ubuntlola obungenakufumaneka kwingxoxo epheleleyo engomlomo nje.
Amava Ezoqoqosho EJapan Njengomshicileli Oluhlaza
Ii-ayimite ezininzi ezibonisa ukungazinzi kobudlelane belizwe laseJapan nobundlobongela. Ummangaliso wezoqoqosho wasemva kwe-prefthiwar, ukuwohloka kwezoqoqosho ekuqaleni koo1990, kunye nokwanda kwemivukelo eyingozi yemisebenzi bonke bazisa indlela abadali abacinga ngayo iimarike zentengiso. Kungcelele ebonisa ukuba inkampani enkulu elawula ubomi bemihla ngemihla, ungalandela imibambo ye- katritsu inkqubo kunye namaxhala omvuzo womvuzo owemakhazi obeka ukunyaniseka kwinkampani nganye ehamba kakuhle. Le nkumbulo yenkcubeko inika isichazicatshulo semifanekiso yemifanekiso yemifanekiso yemihla ngemihla, abasebenzi abadinwe, nabasebenzi be-neongradedredmist, abahlala be-operandrentingw'odmist prolity.
Kwangaxeshanye, i-athone idla ngokubonisa ukukrokra okunzulu kokukhula okungalawulwayo. Ukuwohloka kokusingqongileyo, ukuhla kwentlalo kunye nokukhukuliseka kwamaqhina oluntu kubonakala njengemifanekiso ephindaphindwayo, iboniswa iingxoxo zokwenene malunga namaxabiso okuguquka ngokukhawuleza. Ngokubeka la maxhala kwizicwangciso ezithelekelelwayo, abasebenzi benkqubo zokulungisa iimeko apho ukuqiniswa kwemeko yobukhapitali kuphenjelelwa kakhulu, ukusuka ekuncitshisweni kobomi babantu ukuya ekuweni kwayo yonke indalo. Imimandla yendalo iba lindawo ekhuselekileyo ukubuza okokuba imikhosi yemarikethi inokunikwa ukuphazanyiswa okupheleleyo, kwaye kunokuthi kuziphi ezinye izinto ezinokuvela.
Iintlobano Zesini Nendalo Ezenza Ityala Libe Yindawo Ephakamileyo
Izixhobo zemfazwe kunye noMkhosi weMicimbi yoLondolozo lweMbali: IGundam Franchisse
Zimbalwa iingcelele eziye zaxhasa umkhosi wecapital ngamandla nangokuqhubekayo njengaye [[FLT: 0] Isutipuleti ye-Muntile . Ngaphaya kwemida emininzi, iplanga linika ikamva apho uMhlaba kunye namathanga ayo ajikelezayo evalelwe kwimfazwe engapheliyo. Izixhobo ezithengwayo eziye zasetyenziswa ngabenzi bezixhobo kunye neemveliso zezopolitiko. Inqwelo-mfono izithengela ngokwazo zombini njengezixhobo nemveliso, ezithengiselwa oorhulumente kunye nee-curformations, ngelixa izintlu-ografiksi ezinje zivalelwe inzuzo engapheliyo zemali ekhoyo, ngaphandle kokuba kungene ingeniso yokuba ngubani owinayo. Lo mbono ubhenca ulwalamano lweziko lwezixhobo kunye nolwelo lwezopolitiki phakathi kwemali, apho uluthanda uxolo.
Kungcelele lweeNtongolo ezithi xhaxhe njenge Izilwanyana eziziziinkedama , inkohlakalo yokwahlukana kwezoqoqosho iyadalulwa. Amajoni abantwana ase-Mars, afuduselwe kwilizwe eliphantsi kwelizwe eliphantsi nahlwempu, athengiselwa ngokunempumelelo kwimibutho yomkhosi wabucala ukuze ahlawule amatyala. Imizimba yawo iba yimpahla ngokwengqiqo yokoqobo, ephantsi kotyando oluyingozi kuqhutyekelo lokuqhuba inqwelo-moya. Uludwe lwawo lwawo lwamaphulo alwayo ngokuzinziswa kwemali kunye nolawulo lomgangatho weplangametary, ebonisa indlela i-makhankani ekhutshwa ngayo ukusuka kwiminerali ukuya kubomi babantu. [[FLT.2]
I-Cyberpunk Dystomas kunye nomzimba njengoMlawuli
I-Cyberpank ininfe ithatha umlinganiselo wemeko yekapitali kwi-visceral ngokucinga ngekamva apho ubugcisa kunye nenyama zidibana khona phantsi kolawulo lwenkampani. uGaff kwiShell inika ihlabathi apho unyuselo lwezibonelelo zekhompyutha lukhoyo kodwa ukuba nento ekhoyo kodwa isiqu somntu sikwindawo ethile. UMajor Motoko Kusanagi's's ukuphengulula kwakhe njengophando oluphinda kabini oko kwenzekayo xa umntu evelisa imveliso. Umbutho owadala iPuetpp Master uphaka ubulumko obungeyo njengeproprietary, ukuphakamisa imibuzo malunga ne-com promplietermeter.
Kutshanje, [[FLT: 0] ICyberpunk: Isiphelo uDavid Martinezs ifake lemixholo kwisizukulwana esitsha. IsiXeko sasebusuku sisikhumbuzo sokungalingani okugqithisileyo, apho ukuthamba kuthathe indawo yoorhulumente kunye noluntu kulinganiswa ngamandla omntu okusebenzisa i-crome enziwa i-crome ephuculayo. Umfundi we-metanon David Martinez umfundi othe walahlekelwa ngumama wakhe kwinkqubo engaphumeleli yempilo kwaye utsale kwilizwe lomsebenzi we-ircaricary ukuze aphile. Ungcelele uthotho lwenze amatyala abonakalayo, ukungazinzi kwemeko yezoqoqosho, kunye nokunyuswa kwempucuko yezorhwebo kudibanisela ukonakalisa ubomi. [FLT:][FFFFFF]]
Iingcinga Zobunewunewu Nokuthanda Izinto Ezingento
Kwanakwindawo eqheleke kakhulu ukusuka kumatshini ofunyanisiweyo, i-aima isebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwehlabathi ukuphelisa ingqiqo yekapitali. Spice kunye noWolf ithe xhaxhe ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo phantse kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho yamaxesha aphakathi. iKraft Lawrence isebenzisa uphando lwemali, imibutho yorhwebo, kunye norhwebo, zikhatshwa nguthixo wengcungcu. Utho lwentengiso luthiza indlela imake ngayo ingeniso nelahleko, nendlela ukuthemba nokungalingani kolwazi okubumba ngayo urhwebo. Ngexeshana elingaphezulu kwezobupolitika, ixhobisa ababukeli ukuba ubutyebi bungazenzi nako lwezorhwebo kwaye kwakhiwa ngokuxhaphaza.
Kumthambo owahlukileyo, I-Alkemist , edalwe ngumlawuli omnyama, imela iziphumo ezibangela ubukhomo-gazi zokuphathwa njengezinto zorhwebo kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-kapitali. Umthetho olinganayo wotshintshiselwano ufana nobuchule bokuthengiselwana kwentengiso obuthi ekugqibeleni buyeke. I-homtunculi, edalwe ngumlawuli omnyama, emele iziphumo ezincinci zobomi njengoovimba. Uhlanga lwe-Ampestris lwakhiwe ngokoqobo kwigazi lemi labemi abahlanswe ngemi, kwaye umkhosi we-“inoditual ” utyhilwa ukuba yinkqubo yokunikezela ngamandla. ufundo lwe-Activess [FFFLT:3] luye lwazonwa phakathi kwentengondo ye-ogracri ye-ctic, kunye ne-ognorbactial, indlela yokutshintsha iisigqubuthelo.
ILens yeNkcubeko yeDickergente: AmaJapan neeApproates zaseNtshona
Umahluko phakathi kwe-ayini nolinganiso lwaseNtshona olufana nemveliso yeDisney ikhanyisa indlela imeko-bume enzulu ngayo i-critique. Ngelixesha iifilimu ezininzi zeDisney zifakelwe izifundo zokuziphatha ezimalunga nokubawa . "Isicamango se-Scrooge McDuck okanye iPrinces kunye neFrog umkhohlisi wenkqubo kaFacilier", zona zifaka iingxaki zesixokelelwano njengempazamo nganye yokuziphatha enokuconjululwa ngesidima sobuqu. i-an ane, ngokuphikisana rhoqo, ukuba inkqubo ngokwayo ayithandeki, kwaye ukuba umgangatho ngamnye ulungile uyakwazi ukurhoxisa iproce.
Ethenjiwe , eStudio Ghibli, ngumzekelo ophambili. Indlu yokubhabha isebenza njengemicroscom kapitali: abasebenzi babotshelelwe yizivumelwano, iYubaba iqokelela ubutyebi kunye ne-CPF, kwaye kwanento ebonakala ibonakalisa uvelwano No39 iba yidemon esetyenziswayo xa ingqongwe kukubawa. I-Hayao Miyazaki ayizenzi isisombululo esilula apho inkqubo yemfazwe ilungiswa khona; i-Chihiro ikhuba ingulo ingumntu ozisebenzelayo, kodwa indlu yokuhlamba iyaqhubeka. Oku kugatya i-criquew'uvel ingumfuziselo we-criquewdiam esetyenziswayo ukuze idlulisele intelelo eqhubekayo kwinkozongamingcube yokuzonwabisa, intelelo ebanzi kwimo ephakathi kwentsapho zaseNtshona Koloni.
Izixhobo Ezineengcambu Ezilola Isangqa
Ukwakhiwa Kwengcinezelo Nokuxelelwa Ngeengxelo
Anime isoloko ibona ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho ngokwendlela ekhiwe ngayo imekobume. Isibhakabhaka sikhupha umgangatho ophezulu kumatyotyombe ngothotho olufana Psychos, apho iSibyl System ilawula khona amaxabiso engqondo yabemi abanobuchule bokulondolozwa kwelungu leqonga ngokulahla abo bagqalwa njengabangenamsebenzi. Umahluko phakathi kwamaziko olawulo oluchuliweyo kunye namaphondo aphantsi kwemibhobhobho uxelela ityala lolwano lwecandelo ngaphandle kwegama elinye lomboniso. [[FLTL:2] Trexnozely [[[FLTLT:3], isixeko esifihlakeleyo sikaLux] sisixeko esinobundlobo obunonyanzelo loburhaba, indawo apho abalwanisi bemfazwe bafaka umgangatho wobomi babo obuphantsi obuphezulu. Ezi zinto ezihambayo ezithe zavene.
Ukudityaniswa Kwehlabathi Nokutshatyalaliswa Kwezinto
Xa i-alumine yandisa isilanga sayo kwinqanaba lehlabathi lonke, isoloko ibonisa ubukapitali njengamandla athumela ukubandezeleka kwindalo exhobileyo. Sin Godzilla [ lithuba elibhityekayo elibhityekayo lokungakhutshwa kwengozi nenkqubo yezopolitiko elandela intlekele, apho izilangazelelo zezoqoqosho zilawula ukusabela kwezizwe ngezizwe kwisidalwa esixhobileyo. Le filimu ibonisa indlela intlekele eyenzeka ngayo kushishino lorhwebo nemisebenzi yezomkhosi, ibonisela ii-critis zokwenene zentlekele yezentlekele. Ngokufanayo, [[FLD:2] ubuchule bokusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho obulandela intlekele, apho iNUnica yeNF [FFF:3] iziphumo ze-octivesworkings, izinambuzane ezinkulu zelizwe ezikhohlakeleyo, izinambuzane ezikhonjiweyo nezidlobongela ink ’ ukusetyenziswa kwemeko entle yabantu yokuziswe.
Umlawuli Ogxothiweyo: Ubuchule Nokungabonakali
Uninzi lwama-alumine lukhetha umntu olahliwe yinkqubo yezoqoqosho. Aba basebenzi bangamatyala ``abarhwebi abaphambukeli, abaphambukeli, amava e-cyborg', amavavalw' awenziwe amagqabantshintshi njengephawu elibonakalayo. iChainfaw Man uchaza iDenji njengendoda eselula etyunyuswe lityala elizuzwe ilifa elifa lingunobugcwangu kwi-'akuzamzinzo, i-'i-'ams creas's's's's shorts' irr' irhwayel' ison, ngexesha elithe gqiyo, i-injini ka-dekthracrac, isebenzisa i-ethe propt projectives sy; endaweni yelikethi yelikethi yemali, enye ingunja ebonakalisa ukurhweba.
Imali engaphezulu: Ucalucalulo lweNkcubeko noluBalulo
Ilizwi, Izinto Ezibonakalayo, kunye neNkcubeko eninzi
Ulwimi olunesandi lwe-amime luqinisa imixholo yalo yezoqoqosho. Abadlali belizwi badlulisela ukudinwa nokuphelelwa lithemba kwabasebenzi abathotywa phantsi zinkqubo ezilwayo, imisebenzi yabo eboniswa kukudinwa okungenakuthwalwa yingxoxo. Oku kubonakalayo, abaphathi-mikhosi basebenzisa yonke into ukusuka kwi-claushobobbbbbs ukuya kwimigangatho emikhulu yefektri efotshthiweyo ixesha elide, ukulandelela ukusetyenziswa kwemipu edityanisiweyo yobomi bomntu. Imibala isuka kwibala elimhlophe lenkampani kunye nebala elimnyama lemali esemva kwe-mastilley . Ezi zigqibo azifani nje nendlela yokukhetha; ziyinxalenye engundoqo yengxoxo, yenza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zehlabathi zivakaliswe kumgangatho womzimba womntu.
Iphulom Njengendawo Yohlalutyo Lwezobupolitika
Uluntu lwe-otaku luguqule umboniso osisigxina wokuzilungisa. Iiforethi, izincoko zevidiyo, kunye ne-far profer products zidibanisa iinkqubo zezoqoqosho zehlabathi lentelekelelo ezineziphakamiso ezigcinelwe oomatshini bemfundo. Ziye zatshintsha i-[ Icala leGaractal Heroes , ezithi ziguqulele idemokhrasi eyonakeleyo nge-ogracracyism elungileyo, zidala ingxoxo enkulu ngentanda-bulumko yezobupolitika. I-fish yenza ulwazi olubanzi lokuzoba nodweliso lwezixhobo zorhwebo Ilungu lomntu [[FLCLT] ukuqonda indlela uRhulumentelling, ukuguqula ulonwabo lwehlabathi lwenzululwazi yehlabathi elibanzi elibungcayo elibungcayo elibugrorho.
Ingqalelo Ekhoyo Nomthetho Wesigulo EsineAnime
Ukungabikho kolwazi kunye nabahlalutyi bempucuko baye baphawula ukuba ubuchule bokuthetha ngentlalo. Imisebenzi yohlalutyo ihlolisisa indlela i-Hayao Miyazaki esebenzisa ngayo ulawulo lobuMarx kwimimiselo yayo yobufundisi, nendlela uShinichiro Watanabe's uBoy Bhoop usebenzise ngayo isithuba njengesixhobo sobugqeba esiphantsi kwemida engalawulwanga kakuhle ye-Wild West. [umthetho] u-Expointstings kwiincwadi ezinjengeThe New York Review of Books[FLTLT] uphaka i-im engenjalo njengobuchule bokuncedisa ingcuphelozo zezoqoqosho. Le projekn ikhuthaza ngayo indlela yehlabathi elinamandla yokukhuthaza ulawulo lwezazulu kunye nobugcisa obunamandla.
Ekugqibeleni, i-amine esebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwehlabathi ukugxeka ubukapitali ayipheleli nje ekuziyoliseni. Bakha ezinye iindawo ezibhenca ukwaphuka kwamathambo kweyethu, benganiki iimpendulo ezingqongqo kodwa banike imibuzo enzulu ngendlela esilungelelanisa ngayo umsebenzi, indlela esiwabeka ngayo amandla, kwaye siwasasaze ngayo. Ezona zinto zilungileyo zisenza sizive singenangxaki.