Table of Contents

I-Anime ibisoloko iyindlela yokungena kwimbali eninzi yase Japhane, inika okungaphezulu kunezokuzonwabisa. Xa ubukele uthotho olucwangciswe kwixesha elidlulileyo, awulandeli nje ibali; ungena kwiglasi yexesha lenkcubeko. I-amime engcono yembali ifumana umoya wesamurai, uvumo lwemihla ngemihla lwezigodlo, ukushukuma kobuzwe banamhlanje, nokuzinza okuzolileyo kwabantu abaqhelekileyo abaphila kumaxesha angaqhelekanga. Ezi zibonisa ubomi bexesha elidlulileyo, zidibanisa uphando olugqithisileyo noluvo oluncumisayo lwezimbo.

Nabani na ofuna ukuqonda iJapan ngaphaya kwezibane ze-eon kunye neziporo ezihamba ngeembumbulu, i-antime yembali inika iwindow efikelelekayo nenzulu yomntu. Ufunda ngemithetho yesithethe, ubugcisa besithethe, kunye nempembelelo ehlala ihleliyo yeemfazwe, ngalo lonke ixesha utshontywiliselwe kwingxelo echukumisayo. Le sikhokelo siza kukuhamba ngeempawu ezichazayo ze-genre, amaxesha angundoqo ewahlolayo, kwaye izihloko zokubukela ezinika amava ayinyaniso enkcubeko. Enoba ungumthandi wembali okanye umphetho nje, ezi ngcelele zizakuguqula indlela obona ngayo iJapan.

Yintoni Echaza IAnime Yembali Ebekwe EJapan?

I-amime yembali ayiyonto nje equka ikrele okanye i-kimono; luhambo lwangabom ukuya kumzuzu othile wonyaka wokwenene weJapan. Ucwangciso lusuka kwixesha elibhaliweyo njenge-Heian, Kamatura, Senguku, Edo, Meijō, okanye amaxesha eShōwa. Oku kubeka uludwe luzibophelelelo lwabo ukuveza kwakhona imbonakalo kunye nendawo yentlalo: uza kuphawula isakhiwo esichanekileyo, izixhobo, izixhobo, kwanee-Meishji, Taishō, okanye amaxesha angaphambili eShōwa.

Uphawu olusisiseko ludityaniswa kwenyaniso kunye nengxelo yentsomi. Amadabi okwenene, ukutshintshana kwezobupolitika, kunye nentsebenziswano yenkcubeko zenza ukunyuka komdali apho abadali bakha khona abasebenzi bokuqala kunye nemidlalo yobuqu. Umzekelo, ungalandela umenzi wamakrele obhadulayo ngexesha lokuwa kwe-shogunate, okanye intombazana eselula ehamba ijonge ulwahlulo lweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Amabali asoloko ehlola imixholo yokunyaniseka, ubukho, kunye notshintsho lwezikomkhulu--aseal-spetal ingqubana ngobunzima bembali yokwenene. Oku kwenza ukuba inyani ive ngokukhawuleza, hayi njengokungena kwincwadi yemfundo eyomileyo.

Isizathu Sokuba Imbali YaseJapan Ibe Ngumthombo Ongenakupheliswa

Imbali yaseJapan izele ngamathuba enguquko engaphaya kwendalo ebangela ukuba kuxelwe amabali abangelwe yiyo. Ukusuka kwiimfazwe zamakhaya ezingapheliyo zexesha leSengaku ukuya kunyaka wokutshintsha kweMiba yeMeiji, isizukulwana ngasinye siqulethe inkxwaleko ekhoyo phakathi kwesithethe kunye notshintsho. Ezi nguqu zadala ucalucalulo olunzulu lwentanda-ntanda-bulumko, iimbambano ezikrakra, kunye nokuzincama okungalibalekiyo.

Ukugxininisa kwenkcazo yesithethe kwiingcamango ezifana ne jiri kunye [FT:2] ne-[FLT]njō (imvakalelo yomntu]) inika intsomi yokuziphatha engaqhelekanga efunyanwa kwezinye izicwangciso. Iimpawu zisoloko zikrazulwa phakathi kweembopheleleko zazo enkosini, kwentsapho, okanye kwilizwe, okanye kwiminqweno yazo. Le ngxaki yangaphakathi, ebekwe ngokweziqabuko zeziganeko zembali, inika iingqiqo ezinzulu zezikhombisi. Akubukeli nje idabi; unikela ubungqina kwisiphelo sayo yonke indlela yobomi. Le nyaniso yemvakalelo, esekelwe nzulu kwisizwe, kungenxa yemeko yelizwe lonke xa imbali echanile.

Iziganeko Ezibalulekileyo Embalini Ezibangela IAnimi

Ixesha leSenga (c. 1467,-1615): Ixesha lemfazwe

Eli xesha lokungquzulana okufutshane nengquzulwano yomkhosi olungaguqukiyo sisimo esibalulekileyo sesamurai engqinelayo. Amaphulo okungaQiniseki akhokelwa ngamanani afana no-Oda Notunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, kunye noTokugawa Ieyasu anika umthambo otyebileyo wezopolitiko kunye neemfazwe ezinkulu zomlinganiselo. IAnime emiselwe kweli xesha idla ngokubalaza isiphithiphithiphithi se-athom, ukuvela kwe-ninja, kunye nokwakhiwa kwenkohlakalo yeJapan eManyeneyo. Ngoxa abanye bebonisa ukusetyenziswa kwenkululeko ngamasuntspremi angaqhelekanga, umzabala wobugqele wobugrafu ohlala uphefumlelwe ngokwembali.

Ixesha le - Edo (1603-1868): Uxolo, iNkcubeko, nehlabathi Elidadayo

Phantsi kweTokugawa shogunate, iJapan yafumana impucuko yasedolophini ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini zoxolo oluphakathi. Olu manyano lwavumela impucuko yasedolophini ukuba ikhule kwizixeko ezinjenge-Edo (iTokyo yangoku) ne-Osaka. Imbali ekwixesha elingaphambili isuka kwimidlalo yedabi kwaye endaweni yoko ihlole ubomi babathengisi, abadlali be-kabuki, kunye nabalawuli be-estadens. Inkqubo engqongqo yodidi kunye noxanduva phakathi kolawulo olungqongqo lwentlalo kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lwemibutho kunye nobuchule obuchukulwayo “kwehlabathi elidadayo".

Ukubuyiselwa kweMeiji (1868-1912): Ugqatso lwakudala nolutsha

Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ukusuka kwilizwe elizimeleyo ukuya kulawulo lwale mihla lwabangela ingxaki enkulu yokuzichaza. Udidi lwe-Samurayi lwapheliswa, ubugcisa bobugcisa nefashoni yaseNtshona lwazaliswa, yaye ilizwe lazama ukuguqula isiqu salo. Eli xesha liyi-golide yokuhlola ukulahleka kwesithethe, ukungalingani okungoko “kuqhubekeka,” kunye nabasebenzi abazifumana bekhalciwe phakathi kwezizwe ezibini. Umahluko obonakalayo wemikhono nemicu ephezulu nempahla zomkhosi nezakhiwo zezitenawe wenza ukuba kubonakale ngokukhawuleza ngoko.

Ulawulo-demokhrasi lweTaishō kuMlawuli weNdawo yoPhicotho-zincwadi (1912-1945): Ukwenzeka kwale Mihla neNtlekele

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwazisa ukwanda okufutshane kweenjongo zedemokhrasi, i-intelligence, kunye nentsebenziswano zobugcisa ezifana euro gomensentu , ilandelwa kukuvela kobumnyama kwimfazwe kunye neMfazwe Yehlabathi II. IAnime ibekwe kweli xesha isoloko igqiza eliyimfiliba leTaishō-era nefashoni enxusene nemthunzi elinxulumayo lemfazwe. Isiphumo sikukuhlola ubomi bemihla ngemihla, ubugocigo, ubumnandi boxolo, kunye neendleko zomntu zenkcuba.

Imbali Ebalulekileyo Ebalulekileyo Ukuze Kukho Amava Ayinyaniso

URurouni Kenshin: Ukukhululwa kwiXesha leMeiji

Setwe ngo1878, uRurouni Kenshin ulandela uHiura Kenshin, owayesakuba ngumbulali owafunga ukuba uza kubulala kwakhona. Usebenzisa iJapan entsha ngekrele elibuyayo elibukhali, udibana neentshaba zakhe zakudala eziphalaza igazi kwaye ulwa izitrato ukukhusela abamsulwa. Lo ludwe lubonisa umgangatho wokuziphatha othe tyaba wenguquko: ulwakha njani uluntu olunoxolo xa izandla zakho zifakelwe ugonyamelo?

IKamuy: IHokkaido yeNkcubeko yeNkcubeko yeMidlalo

[[FLT: 0] Igolide kampuy iyakuthatha ihambele kumda omanyumnyezi emva kwemfazwe yase Russo-Japan. Ibali lijikeleza kwintombi ezingelwayo ye-Ainu, i-Asirpa, kunye ne-exchangerier, i-Sugimoto, ifuna igolide efihliweyo. Oku kubeka le golide ibanzi nentlonelo kumboniso wayo wesithethe saseAinu, ulwimi, neenkolelo zokomoya ezinqabileyo nezibalulekileyo kubantu bomthonya-mbali. Uzakufunda ngokuzingela, ukupheka, ukupheka, nempahla, zonke izinto ezifakelwa kwimisebenzi yasendle ezele ngeempawu ezingalunganga kunye nokusinda.

Kulo Mphetho Wehlabathi: Ubomi Bemihla Ngemihla Ngexesha Lemfazwe

Ngelixesha amabali amaninzi eWWII ejolise kwidabi, Kule ndawo yehlabathi kuhlala eSuzu, umfazi oselula ohlala eHiroshima nase Kure ngexesha le1930 kunye ne1940. Ngembono yakhe ethambileyo, ubugcisa, uva ukukhukuliseka okucothayo kokuqhelekileyo: ukubhaka, ukuhlasela kwenqwelo-moya, nokunyamezela okubuhlungu kwabemi. Ukulinganisa okufana nokwenyaniso kubonakalisa ubuhle bolwandle lweSeto Inland kunye noloyikezolo lwemfazwe eqululo. Yifilimu enzulu yomntu eyenza imbali ibe yenze ibe yeyongangoko, ibonisa indlela ezisebenza ngayo iimeko zobuqu ngaphaya kolawulo lwazo.

Ubuchule Bokuchaza Ubuchule

Usuka kwi1930 ukuya kule yangoku, le nto inciphisa ingena kwilizwe le rakugo, uhlobo lwesithethe lwebali lohlekisa. Ngokuhamba kweziganeko ezilandelelanayo zabacuphi abaninzi, uyalubona utshintsho lwamaJapan ukusuka kuncedo lwangaphambi kwemfazwe ukuya kuphuculo lwasemva kwemfazwe kunye nesiphelo sokuzihlaziya. Ukuzonwabisa okucokisekileyo kweShowa- eraera, izitrato, kunye nemisebenzi yentlalo kukwenza uzive udlula amashumi eminyaka. Ufunda ngefomu yobugcisa eyakha yasebenza njengomthombo ophambili wezolonwabo, kunye nombango ogcina isithethe esilahlekayo sithatha kubenzi bayo.

ISamurai Engafumanekiyo: IKamakura Ixesha Lokusinda

Kusekelwe kwisaga yenyani kaHōjō Tokiyuki, olu ngcelele lulandela indlalifa eselula emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwesizwe sayo ngexesha lokuwa kweKamatura shogunate ngo-1333. Isixhobiso esinesiphiwo esingaqhelekanga kuphela sokuyeka nokusinda, uTokiyuki uhamba ngeendawo zezobupolitika ezikhohlisayo. I-aimae ilinganisela ukubulawa kwembali kunye nesiphithiphithi-phithi sezobupolitika kunye nembonakalo engaqhelekanga, esebenzisa isimbo esifana nemifanekiso yemifanekiso yemisongo yakudala ukubonisa uloyiko kunye novuyo olukhawulezileyo. Kukungena okutsha okubalasemgangathweni ongabonakali kakhulu ngexesha eliqhelekileyo lomfanekiso okhoyo ngexesha elikhoyo ababukeli banamhlanje.

Amankosana AnguMonoke: Intsomi Nengxabano

Ngeli phupha, ubugcisa bukaHayao Miyazaki busekelwe ngokunzulu kwixesha leMuromachi (ngenkulungwane ye-14-15). Ukungqubana phakathi kwentsimbi edibanisa i-Irontown nemimoya yamandulo yamahlathi kubonakalisa ungquzulwano lokwenene lwembali phakathi kokukhula koshishino lwabantu kunye nendalo. Ngohambo luka-Ashitaka, udibana nabantu abaphantsi bakwaEmishi, amathanga eqhekene, kunye nokuntsonkotha kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. I-medies Shintō anim kunye nemithetho yokuziphatha yobuBhuda kwibali elibona ngathi liyintsomi ephilayo, isenza ulwalamano lokomoya lwaseJapan nolwendalo ecacileyo nengxamisekileyo.

Amangcwaba Ezibhaka-bhaka: Iindleko Zomntu Zemfazwe

Le filimu i-Studio Ghibli, ekhokelwa ngu-Isao Takahata, ngumfanekiso oqinileyo wenyanga yokugqibela yeMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Seita kunye nodadewabo omncinane uSetsuko balwa bezama ukusinda emva kokuba unina ebulewe kwiKobe flastings. Le filimu ibonisa ngokuphandle ukuqhekeka kwebutho labantu kunye nomonakalo othe kratyayo wendlala nekratshi. Ayiyontsomi yamadabi kodwa inxulumanisa, itshabalalisa imfazwe elahlekileyo xa amazwe ekwimfazweni. Akukho nto i-ayim ethetha ngokuphandle ukuba abahlali bevela kwilizwe le Japan.

Umoya Uyavuka: Amaphupha Obunjineli Ngaphambi Kwesaqhwithi

UMiyazaki othethwini kwimbali kaJiro Horokoshi, umyili weMitsubishi A6M Zero, ulucamngca ngobuchule kunye nobumfama bemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Ukubekwa nxamnye neGreat Kanto Himonding ye1923 kunye nokuvela kwemfazwe, le filimu ilandela ukuxakeka kukaJiro kukubhabhaza nokuthanda kwakhe ibhinqa eligula kakhulu. I-amine ibekwe kwi-acetic of theetic of Spedia·reedy , i-translate, i-end syst, kunye nothando oludityanisiweyo lwesixhobo sobugcisa esiphembelela ukubhabhadula inqwelo moya yobuhle ngexa iingalo zehlabathi zitshabalal.

IHeike Monogatari: Ukuwa Kwenkqubo Yokwahlula-hlula

Ithelekelela inkcubeko ye 13-century, le i-anime ithetha ngebali lokunyuka kohlanga lwamaTaira kunye nokuwa ekugqibeleni ngexesha lemfazwe yeGenpei (1180-1185). Ukusebenzisa amehlo kaBiwa, intombazana eselula enamandla okubona ikamva, olu ngcelele luchaza imbali ngentlekele engokwengoma. Ubugcisa butyhila imizobo yesilika yamandulo, kunye nesixhobo esivakalayo esixuba nezixhobo zale khalenda ukuyila ulwelo. Ubona i-enermanince yamandla kunye nentanda-ntandabulumko yobuBhudayo eyakha i-thsaa.

OoMdali Neesudi Zalolonga I Genre

Impembelelo Yesiseko YeOsama Tezuka

Uphando lwakhe olunzima oluchaza intsingiselo yembali luthi “Thixo weManga,” uTezuka lumisela umlinganiso wendlela enokuthi imbali idla ngokuboniswa ngayo. Ngelixesha ezona ndalo zakhe zidumileyo zidla ngokuphethukela kwintsomi yenzululwazi, ibali lakhe elichaza intanda-bulumko . Ukuphengulula ngophando olunzulu ngemikhwa enzulu yemvakalelo . Ilifa lakhe liqinisekisa ukuba i-antime ecacileyo ikholice nyaniso engqinela abantu.

Ingcamango Yobunyani Engachananga KaStudio Ghibli

Hayao Miyazaki no Isao Takahata batshintsha imbali yokuthetha ngembali ngokubhekisa kwiziganeko ezinzulu zomntu. Iifilimu ze-Ghibli ziyala ubuqhawe obulula, endaweni yokubonisa ubundlobongela, ubuhle, kwaye ngokufuthi ubungozi obubuhlungu bobomi obukhoyo. Ingqalelo ye studio eninzi kwinkcukacha zemeko- bume. / howdiow . "Ukukhanya kuwela kwifestile yeplanga, ubunjani belaphu lesandla", ububanzi belaphu lenpho-irn-irfts/transports traffport kwingingiselwano. Imisebenzi yazo enjengo-[FLT: 0] iPrinces Monoke[[FLT: 1] kunye [FLT:] ne[FLT] iTale yePrinces Kay[FLT]] ingu'ipt shortments tram yendlela yesithethe sangoku.

Satoshi Kon kunye nembali yengqondo

Nangona ingenguye umalathisi wembali ngokwengqiqo eqhelekileyo, iSatoshi Kon's yeMillennium Actress isebenzisa amashumi eminyaka embali yemifanekiso-bhanyabhanya yaseJapan njengesiseko sebali lothando olupheleleyo. Le filimu ifinyanisa ixesha kunye neenkumbulo, ibonisa indlela imbali yobuqu neyobuzwe edityaniswe ngayo. Le ndlela iphembelela imbali yale mihla ngokukhuthaza abadali ukuphatha ixesha elidlulileyo njengelithatyathiwe likanothi kodwa njengolwelo, amava acacileyo alo oluluphawu.

Indlela Inyaniso Nentsomi Ethethwa Ngayo Kwimbali

Akukho mbali i-amime inguvelwano olugqibeleleyo; lonke uthotho kufuneka lulinganise ucoselelo kwiimfuno eziphawulekayo. Iziganeko zokwenene zishicilelwe, iilayini zexesha zitshintshiwe, kwaye abasebenzi abadityanisiweyo abadalelwe ukulungiselela ingxelo. Oku asiyompazamo kodwa uphawu lokusebenzisa i-metal-inte. Ikuvumela ukuba ubenento engundoqo yembali ngaphandle kokuvaleka kwemingxube yemingxube. Utho olungcono lubonisa ngokucacileyo ngemisebenzi yazo, zisebenzisa ukukhankanya iinyaniso ezikhoyo ezingenakuzichaza. Umzekelo, umfana oselula ophila ngelinye iphondo angakhanyisa ukubandezeleka kwalo lonke ixesha elingcono kunamanani engozi.

Xa ubukele, ucelwa ukuba ujonge i-ayime njengendawo yokuqala. Ibangela umdla, ikwenza ufunde ngesiqu sesizwe seHōjō okanye abantu baseAinu. Ngale ndlela, olu ngcelele lusebenza njengebrorho ukuze uqonde nzulu imbali, kunokuba uthathele indawo yona.

Ubugcisa Nesandi Sexesha

Ukunyaniseka kwi-alumime engokwembali kuphila kungekuphela nje kwisikripti kodwa kukweenkcukacha zezimvo. Iinketho ezibonakalayo ezifana nengqokelela yemibala yemibala emnyama, ik- bhrashi, imvelaphi ekhethekileyo fusema iscreens ezivulekayo ngoko nangoko zimisela ixesha. Iindleko zisoloko zidalwa ngocoselelo olunzima: ipateni ecacileyo ye i-haori, iqhina elilungileyo le [[FLT:]] bbio, isimbo semvula yomlimi. Ezi zibonwayo zibizwa phambi kokuba kuthethwe igama elinye.

Kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukuyila isandi. Ingxolo ye-shamisen, isikroba sokhuni igeta ematyeni, nengxolo ekwimakethe yasebusuku igqunywe ukuze yakhe isandi esicacileyo. Izixhobo ezincedisana neemvumi zesithethe ukudibanisa izixhobo zeokhestra yakudala, ukwenza ibhulorho phakathi kwangoku nangoku. Kumboniso onjengo uGenroku Rago Shin, umba ophambili webali elithethwa ngalo, unika i-'umboniso we-indawo yangaphambili.

Apho ufanele uqale khona: Icebiso Ngokusekelwe Kwizinto Onomdla Kuzo

Ukuba usanda kudala ukutshintsha imbali, ukukhetha indawo yokuqala kungayibeka esiqwini. Nasi isikhokelo esikhawulezayo esinokukunceda ufumane ukungena okugqibeleleyo kwi gere:

  • ukwenzela isenzo sokutshayela kunye nobuchule bokwenza amakrele: Iqala Iruurounin Kenshin okanye ibinzana leSturr. Zombini zinikezela umlo ochukumisayo wefolakto osekelwe kumzuzu othile wembali.
  • ukwenzela ukuntywilisela okunzulu kwenkcubeko kunye nembali yomthonyama: [[FT:2] Igolide Kamuy inika ujongo olungenakuthelekiswa nanto kwizithethe zeAinu, ubuchule bokusinda, kunye nemfazwe yasemva ye Hokkaido.
  • ukwenzela iimvakalelo, iimpawu- ezidityanisiweyo zamabali emfazwe: [[FT:2] Kule ncam yehlabathi [ kunye ne [[FLT]] izakushiya intsingiselo ehlala ihleli ngaphandle kokuzukisa uloyiso.
  • ukwenzela uqhinga lwezopolitiko kunye nentlekele yamandulo: Heike Monogatari ilungisa enye yemisebenzi yemisebenzi emikhulu yezobugcisa eJapan ngobugcisa obumangalisayo.
  • Ukuxuba igalelo, idrama, kunye nobugcisa besithethe: [umboniso u Genroku Rakugo Shinju [[FLT: 3] ngumsebenzi wobugcisa malunga nokubalisela ngokwayo, emiselwe ngamashumi eminyaka eenguqulelo.
  • Kwimo-moya ephuma kubahlobo bentsapho: iifilimu ze-Studio Ghibli ezinjenge iiPrinces Monoke kunye Nommelwane Wam Totoro (umiswe kwi-nostalic 1950s)) unika iindlela ezizolileyo zokwamkela izicwangciso zempucuko.

Ngamnye kwezi zibizo ufanele ahlonele ubulumko babaphulaphuli bakhe ngoxa ehambisa ukuzonwabisa okunyulu.

Ubuhle be-antimime engokwembali ebekwe eJapan buxhomekeke kubuchule bayo bokuguqula ixesha elikude libe yinto ekhawulezileyo nengaqhelekanga. Awungokhangeli nje kodwa umhambi omenywa ukuba ahambe ngezitrato zamandulo, avive ukuluma komoya wasebusika eHokkaido, kwaye aphulaphule isandi samagubu emisitho. Olu ngcelele lusikhumbuza ukuba imbali asiyomihla nemfazwe nje kuphela.