Hayao Miyazaki anomira serimwe ramashoko anokosha zvikurusa ebhaisikopo nokuda kwokuziva kwemhoteredzo yazvo. Pamberi pefilimi inofukidza makore anopfuura makumi mana, nyika dzake dzinokweviwa namaoko hadzingobatanidzi miti, nzizi, uye mhuka sechiono neapo. Dzinodzisimudzira mumasimba akakwirira ane urongwa, yeyeuko, uye uremu hwetsika. Kubva kuminda yemochar ye ye [FLT]]] Muvaner Totoro kumitengo yehondo ine chepfuti ye [FLT:] , uye tsvina inodzosa chinhu chaidzwa nechero yemuchetura, inopa mamiriro okunze epasi pano. Mune mapiki anopa, anopa mamiriro ezvinhu, anoita, anodzorera, uye anodzorera kurangarira uku kutarisana nechinoitika chakapoteredza.

Nyika Mhenyu, Inofema: Zvakasikwa Sechinhu Chinoyevedza

Mumifananidzo mizhinjisa, nzvimbo dzinobatira munda wenzvimbo. Miyazaki inokwevera mativi akasiana. Masango, makungwa, uye mhepo mumafirimu ake zvine kuvapo nohunhu, kazhinji kazhinji zvinofukidza itiro hanya dzavanhu. Mu [FLT: 0] Muvakidzani Wangu Totoro [888], muti murefu wekator uri seri kwenzvimbo yenzvimbo yemvura yeKusakabe hausi chinhu chakaisvonaka; icherekedzo dzinobatanidza mhuri nenzvimbo yemidzimu. Toro, mutariri wegwenya wesango, anoratidzira zvakanaka wechisiko chomusikirwo rwechisiko /8888] chinorira mudenga kurira kana kuti kuroverera mumwedzi mukuru. Vana havasati vanokukunda kwezva iwo; denho inoratidzirwa neiyi rondedzero yakafara.

Nenzira yakafanana, gungwa mu Ponzo [2008] rizere noupenyu hunovhara muganhu pakati pechinhu nechinhu. Mafungu anova hove hove huru, vanamwarikadzi vapagungwa vakare vanodzora mafungu, uye tsunami iyo Ponzo inokwira inoparadza uye inoshamisa. Miyazaki inoramba kuita kuti zvinhu zvakasikwa zvive zvinyorove. Zvinogona kuva zvinotyisa, kusakendenga, kana kuti kurema, bva zvinoramba zviri manyuko okuvandudza. Muvara weGrammare, mai wePonyo, inguva imwe chete nechinhu chinoorora, inotiyeuchidza kuti masimba anochengeta upenyu anogona kuhubvisawo.

Midzimu Inodzivirira Musango

Kutaurwa somunhu kwechisiko kunosvika ratidzirwo yako yakaisvonaka zvikurusa mu Princes Monoke [1997]. Pano, sango rinodzorwa navamwari vakare: Moro mwarikadzi webere, Okkoto mwari wembwa, uye Deer Mwari (Shishigami) anofamba senondo nezuva uye anochinja kuva nhiviro huru yoUsiku pashure pokunyura kwezuva. Ava vanhu havasi zvishongo zvokufananidzira zvinoshongedza; ivo vatongi vezvinhu zvipenyu zvinotyisidzira, vanokwanisa kurangarira zvakanaka, hasha, uye chibayiro. Apo Mukadzi Eboshi’s Irom anobvisa masango kusimbi yemigove, anorwisana nenyika yose inova nechinoitika chendangariro, zvinotarisana nokuchengetedzwa kwaMwari.

Iyi nyika inoyera yezvomweya inobva zvikuru mumagamuchidzanwa eShinto, umo kami (midzimu) inogara mumakomo, nzizi, uye miti. Miyazaki, zvisinei, inoumba pfungwa yacho. Vanamwari vesango havasati vari vamwari vari voga vanoraira kunamatwa; ivo vanhu vari murwisano. Kunonoka kwavo, kuchema pasi pamabara avanhu namabhomba zvinoratidzira njodzi chaiyoiyo yenyika. Kupfurikidza nokuita kuti vateereri vacheme nokuda kwamwari mhumhi anofa kana kuti Deer Deer Mwari agumbuke mukutsvaka chinhu chayo chakabiwa, Miyazaki anoita kuti zvinzwisiso zvikuru zvemhoteredzo yapasi pano izvo nhamba namashoko zvishaikire.

Chinovhiringidza Zvakatipoteredza: Muchina Nebindu

Mafirimu aMiyazaki nguva dzose anoumba kusagadzikana pakati penzvimbo yenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu nenyika yomusikirwo serwisano inorondedzerwa nechechero yazvino uno. Nausicaä weMupata weWind (19984) zvinoitika makore ane chiuru pashure pehondo yeapocalypse, apo zhinji yeNyika inofukidzwa nechetura reMoth Jungle yakazadzwa netsono huru uye tsvina dzinouraya. Rudziso rwemunhu runonamatira kumichengetevedza, runobva muvakara renguva yakapfuura. Sango rine chechepfu haisi chinhu chisingavaki asi chipenyu, chinochenesa tsika inochenesa zvishoma nezvishoma nyika yakashatiswa. Nausä anowana zvokwadi iyi kupfurikidza nokucherekedza kuoneka kwezvipembenene uye zvipembenene. Vaveri havasati vari varadzi vanobva mumugariro wokuzvipfuro. Runako rwavanhu runongoitwa kupfurikidza nokushanda.

Mu muSky (1986), guta rinoyangarara reLaputa rinoratidzira bviro mbiri dzoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu. Pakati-pakati paro, muti mukuru une michina, unokarakadza kuyanana pakati pezvinhu zvipenyu nezvinofamba namagetsi. Asi mauto anotsvaka kushandisa simba raLaputa anomirira pfungwa dzinotemwa dzinobata zivo nechisiko sezvishandiso zvokudzora. Mutambo weFirimu, apo kupetwa kwekare kwedongo kunoparira guta kubudisa chidzitiro charo charo charo chavanhu uye kukwira pamusoro senzvimbo yakakura, anosimbisa kupwirira kwoupenyu hweMiyazaki kunyange pashure pokuparadzwa kwoumambo. Muti unosara uchienda.

Muiti wemafirimu anoshurikidza zvakananga zvikurusa kugadzirwa kwamaindasitiri anooneka mu [[FLT: 0] Princes Monoke. Iron Town ichishamiso chounyanzvi hwavanhu, ichigovera chiremera nebasa kuvasina kutenderwa, kubatanidza aichimbova vashandi vemabharori navemaperembudzi. Kubudirira kwayo kunotsamira pakutema masango nokuuraya vagari vemo. Miyazaki haisati ichityisidzira mutungamiriri wetaundi, Lady Ebo; iye anonzwira tsitsi mamiriro ezvinhu akaregeredza uye akajeka pamusoro pezvinhu zvoupenyu zvakaipa. Uku kuoma kwetsika kunokosha. Chivezwa chinoramba kupenda mhoteredzo yemhoteredzo neyakasaririra sechinhu chakanaka nechisina kushati. Panzvimbo pezvo, chinobvunza kuti: Aiwane tsitsi kukuda kuparadzwa nokuparadzwa kwezviito zvose zvechienzi kana kuti kupfumbadzamanyungurira kupfuure nyika yose? Chinotorutsiridza chikasa, asi hachinotongori kupfupikisa kuva chikashatsa kupfupikisa nyika yose?

Mudzimu Unopenya Nokushatisa Kwomweya

Chimiro chamano zvikuru chenzvimbo dzemhoteredzo mu Spected Awat (2001]. “Mweya wepenji unosvika paimba yokugezera” unosvika pashati, wakafukidzwa netsvina, unotanga kubatwa semhuka. Kana Chihiro inobvisa ushati nebhasikoro, tsvina yeimba yeindasitiri, zvinoshaisa tsvina yenzvimbo yamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu, zvinozvizivisa kuva rwizi rwedragoni, runoshatiswa nokushatiswa navanhu. Uku kushandura idikanwa kwakananga kwechakashata pamigero inopfuudzwa nenzanga inotengwa neshambadzira. Kuonga kwamwari uye kuchenesa nguva yedaidzo kubudiswa kwechioni chapo. Asi haisi tarisiro yomunhu oga.

Gare gare, shamwari yaChihiro Haku inoziviswa kuva mudzimu weRwizi rwaKohaku, urwo rwakagadzirwa ndokuparadzwa kuvaka imba yakapoteredza. Kurasikirwa kwake nokuzivikanwa kunowirirana nemhesano yenzvimbo dzomusikirwo mufambiro yeguta. Firimu yacho inobatanidza kushata kwemhoteredzo nokurasikirwa nouzvirovi, ichikarakadza kuti apo tinoparadza nzvimbo dzinotitsigira, tinogurawo rutivi rwomudzimu wedu timene. Uku kukura kwendangariro kunokudza shoko rechisiko, kuchibatanidza njodzi dzomunze nechadenga kukuvadziko yomukati iyo inotambudza nzanga yazvino uno.

Uchenjeri Hwenzira Dzekare: Ivai Nenyika

Chiono chinodzokororwa mumafirimu aMiyazaki isimba rinodzikinura rokudzokera kuupenyu hwakapfava, hwakavakirwa panyika. Vanoita kuti vangopedza kana kuti kuronda simba vagume vaparadzana uye vashata, nepo avo vanorima ivhu, vanorarama nokuzvininipisa, uye vachichengeta mijenya yomwaka inowana gutsikano nedonzo. [[FL:0] Muimba yeHowl [[FL:0] [[FL:1]] [2004] [2004]), muroyi Sophie anowana simba rake kwete mumashiripi asi mubasa romumba, kuchenesa, kurima, uye kutarisira mhuri yake. Nharemba inofamba, chivarati, matanda, miti, uye kunzwa, nzvimbo dzinofamba mumapuranga anobatira sehondo yehondo pasi penyika. Painomira musasa womukati pomugondo woupenyu. Painogara kumira mumusha.

Kunyange mu Kiki’s Relation Service [1998], njodzi yokusika yomuroyi muduku inopedzwa nokubatana nemidzi yake. Iye anovazve namano ake okubhururuka bedzi pashure pokushanyira sango, umo anowedzerazve mufaro wakapfava wokukusha denga pamwe chete neshamwari yakwegura. Firimu yacho inokarakadza kuti mudzimu wounyanzvi, kufanana neukama hwezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo, pasina kusangana nenyika yakasikwa. Miyazaki kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji anoratidzira maguta senzvimbo dzokuvanza nokudzikira nokuneta, nepo maruwa, nepo maruwa, mato, uye mahombekombe anodzorera simba nouchokwadi.

Uku kuda zvikuru upenyu hwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu husati hwatanga hakurevi kurota. Baba vaMiyazaki vakagadzira ndege mukati meHondo Yenyika II, uye mutungamiriri akakura akakomberedzwa nemidziyo yokubhururuka nehondo. Ukama hwake hwehondo neruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu nezvinocherekedzwa nezvinochetura. Zvinotanga nokurota kwendege dze [FL:] The Wind Rips[[FLT] [2013] zvakagadzirwa nenzira inokatyamadza, asi zvinobatira muchina wehondo unosvibisa Pasi. Jiroshishi inovamba nechiroto chakaisvonaka chekubhururuka pamusoro peminda inotsvetuka, bva inoguma mumoto wehondo. Kusvika paMirza yemicroa yemist.

Varidzi Vezvechikadzi Semagariro Enyika

Maheroin aMiyazaki nguva dzose ndiwo varevereri vanochenesa pakati penyika dzavanhu nedzechisiko. Nausiaä anokurukura nezvipembenene zvikuru zveOhmu uye anonzwisisa basa reToxic Jungle. San, machinda ebere anokwikwidzwa, anorwa zvinotyisa kudzivirira sango. Chihiro anochenesa mudzimu worwizi wakashatiswa. Ponzo inokanganisa dzikamo yose yepasi murudo rusina mhaka. Aya haasi vanamwarikadzi vechisiko vasina basa; kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanotora rutivi mukurwisa kudzorera tsinhirano. Chiyazako anoreva chirevo pamusoro pechikadzi nemhaka yokuti vane chimiro chesimba duku zvikuru muudzori uye chinzwa. Mumurangariro wake, kuvaka nokudzivirira nzanga kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji mavara anoparira kuporeswa.

Uku kurambwa hakusi kunokosha mupfungwa inoderedza. Vasikana navakadzi muaya mabhaisikopo vanoratidzira mativi akafara ohunhu / "hukasimba, husimbe, hunyanzvi, hwune shungu( asi vanogoverana kuda kuteerera nyika yavanhu vazhinji. Ikoko inhano yokutanga mutsika yemhoteredzo yaMiyazaki. Usati wagona kudzivirira sango, unofanira kugara chinyararire ndokudzidza mutauro waro, sehanzvadzi dzomu Yangu Toto[FLT] [FLT: 1] inoita apo vanowana mugero womuti womusasa wemiori. Mabhaisikopo anotaura kuti ngwariro nengwariro ndizvo zvinodikanwa nokuda kwechiito chipi nechipi chine rechisiko.

Shinto, ChiAnim, uye Nzvimbo Tsvene

Kunzwisisa ukuru hweuzivi hwechisiko hwaMiyazaki, kunobetsera kunzwisisa gadziriro yeShinto iyo inopesvedzera nhau yake. Shinto inodzidzisa kuti midzimu inoyera inogara muzvinoitika zvose zvomusikirwo, kubvira pamapopoma akasakara kusvikira kumimba michero. Kucheneswa kwetsika, ruremekedzo nokuda kwemadzitateguru, uye mitambo yemwaka yemwaka zvinosimbisa murangariro wechikomberedzo woupenyu norufu zvinopesana zvikuru nemutsetse, pfungwa dzinotorwa dzemutengi webhizimisi. Mibato yedzimba dzokushambidzira senzvimbo yeShinto yakafukidzwa nokushandurwa kwechishamba, uko vamwari vanoshamba vanobatira aya midzimu yavo yokuzvininipisa, vachiziva mamiriro ezvinhu omudzimu akanaka.

Miyazaki haatendeutsi Shinto; anotora murangariro wake wokuumba nzvimbo yapasi nemhoteredzo yapasi yomudzimu. Zviono zvesango mu Princess Monoke, nechiedza chawo chakati sandarara nechakare, mitanda inovhara, inomutsa kunzwa kwokupinda muchechi panguva imene. Rutyo rwokuti San naAshitakakai runonzwa pamberi poMupiki Mwari haasati ari dzidziso asi mufungo (a) achiziva kuti nyika iri mhenyu nerevo inopfuura kunzwisisa kwomunhu. Iyi denho yevhu rinoyera kurangarira nzvimbo dzazvinogara. Sabhara reko, ripi neripi neripi rakakanganwika, ringava nzvimbo yokugara youmwari. Mutengo mukuru wemhoteredzo yapasi pano hausati uri kuparadzwa mune zvokunyama.

Nokuda kwavaoni vanofarira mhesano dzeShinto nomuitiro wemhoteredzo, masangano akafanana ne Rainforest Alliance ne[FLT] World Wildlife Fund [ inobatanidza gadziriro dzezivo yemo nedzegamuchidzanwa mugadziriro dzokuchengetedza, kudzokorora nheyo yokuti ruremekedzo rwomudzimu nokuda kwechisiko kazhinji kazhinji runotungamirira kudziviriro inooneka. Basa raMiyazaki rinotsigira nenzira isina kunanga kupfurikidza nokuparadzira ndangariro yenyika iyo masangano mazhinji azvino uno akarasika.

Nyika Yakuvadzwa Nedanidzo Yokuporesa

Mafirimu anobvuma kuti njodzi yatoitwa. Rufu rwemhembwe, mafashamo egungwa etaundi remhenderekedzo yegungwa mu Ponyo], mudzimu worwizi wakasvibiswa wakapararira namarara, masango ane pombi dzehondo Nausicaä[[[FLT]]] []] [idzi hadzisi ngwavaira dzinofungidzirwa. Dzinoratidzira nyika iri munjodzi. Bva Miyazaki haatongoregi kurega kupera mwoyo. Nyaya imwe neimwe inovhara nenzwi renjo: chinyama chedendenderi chinonyunguruka mumiteve, rwizi rwakachena, rwizi runoshatiswa.

Mubvunzurudzo ya2005, Miyazaki yakakurumbira, akati, “Ndinofunga kuti tinofanira kufunga pamusoro pezvinhu zvose zvatinoita savanhu zviri madikanwa.” Uku kubvunza kwakapfava, kwokuzvida kunokosha kunodzika midzi yenjodzi yemhoteredzo. Mafirimu ake haatsvaki kumira kuindasi asi anokurudzira kugadziriswa kukuru kwezvinoita kubudirira kwechokwadi. [FLT:], mhuri yevarimi mu [FLT:] Nauicaä, vagari vomumusha vanozvimirira [FLT:], vagari vemo voga voga voga voga voga vo [[FL:2] vanouya vasanoshanda, uye vasingakundwi, vanopfuura vapfumi, vanopfuura vapfumi, vanobva munyika.

Kurondedzera Nhau Yemionise Somubato weEco

Mutoo wounyanzvi waMiyazaki umene chimiro chemuitiro wemhoteredzo. Kukweva hembe kunoda shiviriro huru, kusanocherekedza, uye ruremekedzo nokuda kwoudzame (zvikurukuru mavara aanotsigira muukama hwavanhu nechisiko. Maari anofunda kufamba kwemvura, kukwirira kwamashizha, kurema kwamakore. Muuyo wacho ichero unoita kuti mhoteredzo ivepo uye inokosha. Apo mhepo inopfuta-vhuvhuta inobudisa maburitsi mumunda wouswa mu [[FLT: 0]], vaoni vanonzwa mhepo ichiva. Iyi yenzwi rinoparira chisungo chemirangariro kuratidzira nzvimbo, iyo inoparira, inosimudzira chishuvo kuvadziko chaiyoiyo.

Studio Ghibli Museum muMitaka, Japan, uye paki yayo yakapoteredza, yakagadzirwa nemunyu kubva kuMiyazaki, muviri mumwe cheteyo ethos. Chivako chacho chimene chakavhengana nemiti yakasvibira, uye vashanyi vanokurudzirwa kuzvirasikirwa vamene mumichina yemigadzirirwo yezvinogadzirwa. Kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pouzivi negadziriro zvakapoteredza, unogona kushanyira nzvimbo ye Studio Ghibli Getbli. Miziyamu iwero yezvokuwedzera kwomuviri wemabhaisikopo kuti igare nenzira inowirirana nenyika yomusikirwo.

Kupedzisa: Kudhirowa sekambani yeEccaology

Mabhaisikopo aHayao Miyazaki anotsungirira kwete bedzi nemhaka youchenjeri hwawo hwokufungidzira asi nemhaka yokuti anogovera chiono chakadzama, chinowirirana cheukama hwezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo. Anofamba kupfuura kutumira mhoteredzo kwakareruka kuti aongorore zvipingamupinyi zvetsika, unyanzvi hwakaoma kunzwisisa, uye Pasi ripenyu. Kupfurikidza nemifananidzo ine udzame yemasango, nzizi, midzimu, uye michina, zvinotiyeuchidza kuti chisarudzo pakati pekubudirira nokuchengetedzwa ndechenhema; chinodikanwa chimiro chitsva cheshatiso charo charo (*ichone inochenesa tsvina yayo imene, inoteerera uchenjeri hwehama isiri yohunhu, uye inonzwisisa kuti kupukunyuka kwahwo kunotsamira pautano hwenzanga huru zvikuru youpenyu.

Sezvo nyika inotarisana nokurasikirwa nemarudzi akasiyana - siyana, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, uye kupera kwemanyuko, shoko raMiyazaki rinowedzera nokukurumidza zvikuru. Mafirimu ake haagoveri purani yezvamatongerwe enyika, asi anosakurira hwaro hwemirangariro nehwomudzimu panogona kuvakwa chiito chine revo. Zvinotikurudzira kugara pasi pomuti womusasa, kuchenesa rwizi, kudzivirira bere, uye, kufanana naNausicaä naChihiro, kutsunga kushanda savavaki vemabhiriji pakati penyika yomunhu navanhu vazhinji. Ikoko kukumbira kuzvininipisa, zvichida kushinga chipo chisingaperi cheStudio Gibli chinogara.