Kudzoka Munhau kweNhambo yeViking

Kuti unzwisise kurema kwechibayiro mu Saga, unofanira kutanga kunzwisisa nyika yakaisika. Pakati pokupera kwezana ramakore rechi8 nepakati pe11, ndege dzeScandinavia dzakaputika kunze kwe [hadzisi sechinhu chimwe chete, asi senzanga dzakaoma dzinodzorwa nenzara, kutengeserana, zvidimbu zvezvamatongerwe enyika, uye murwi akasimba zvikuru. Ava vaNorseros vakatanga nzira dzebhizimisi dzinovambira kuBaghdad kusvikira kuConstantinople, dzakatanga maDault muEngland, uye maIceland, Greenland, uye, North America yose yakapfupika. Rwendo rwuri rwose rwakava nokubhejera.

Nhau chaiyoiyo yeViking yakazadzwa nenzvimbo dzebhizimisi dzinoverengwa. Muchinda akapinza vanhu vake kumadokero kuyambuka North Atlantic akabaira mahombe emusha akarovedzeka nokuda kwechipikirwa chematanda, mafuro, uye kuzvimirira. Nzvimbo yezvokuchera matongo pa L’Anse aux Meadows[ muNewfoundland] inosimbisa sechiratidzo cheinooneka chechinoitika chayo chemhombekombe: chiteshi chiduku cheNorse, chakasiyiwa mukati mechizvarwa, kwete nemhaka yokukundikana kwomudzimu asi nemhaka yechibairo chapanyuro chechinhu chikuru nechinotyisa chakapfurwa namasimba masimba. Ichi ndicho chichava chibvumidzwazve chezvinhu chisati chaitwa? [FLT] Vallandland]

Norsefagew iyo imene yakavakwa pahwaro hwechibairo. blolót tsika, umo mhuka kana kuti kunyange vanhu vakapirwa kuvamwari, dzakaratidzira rudaviro rwokuti chisiko chose chaida kutsinhaniswa kwenguva dzose kwomutengo. Mambo angabayira mwanakomana wake kuOdin nokuda kwokukunda; murimi angabayira nzombe inokosha nokuda kwokukohwa kwakanaka. Idzo dzakanga dzisiri zviratidzo zvisina maturo asi mabasa anokosha aidavira kuti anoparadza jambwa. Muvasaga, vatambi vanowanzoyera mutengo wokukudzwa pamusoro pokupukunyuka. Apo Egil Salgragrímsson anoumba nhetembo yenziyomuro mukuru kuti aponese musoro wake. Apo mhuri yeNejil inoramba kuuraya upenyu hwavo. Vanobva vapamhoma vanobva vamutsivirirana nokuda kwomukurumbira wavo.

Varwi: Murwi Akasarudza Rugare

Hapana chibayiro mumbiri yomurwi, achifuratira rufu rwake kuti ararame somurimi pamucheto wakaoma weIceland. Ichochi chibayiro chinotyisa choukuru hwemibatanidzwa yeJomsvi madzimambo, maThor anoumba chinyararire rufu rwake amene kuti aponese mwanakomana wake neboka. Anodzorera kubwinya kwomurwi, achibvisa rufu rwake kuti ararame somurimi pamucheto wakaoma weIceland. Ichi chibayiro chinokosha chemwero mukuru wemaorefu yakaoma, asi chokuzivikanwa.

Makoto Yukimura inobatanidza noune uzivi hwaThorrs hwenhau chaiyoiyo: kuchinja kubva pakuvhozhokera kuenda kukugadzikiswa. Sezvo Nhambo yeViking yakakura, mhuri dzakawanda dzeNorse dzakawana kuti mubairo wechokwadi hauna kupamba asi nyika inopfuudzwa nedzikamo. Varwi vanoudza pwere Thorfinn kuti, “Murwi wechokwadi haadi munondo,” mutsara unoramba zvisarudzo zvoupenyu chaihwo hweNorse vakaisa mungozi yavo yorugare panzvimbo pekugara. Kurava zvakawanda pamusoro penyanduko pakati petsika dzechisimba neupenyu hwemhuri pakati peNorse, unogona kunzvera pfuma [FFOLD:] Nhau yenhau yaro. Iye anovenga zvikuru: asingaviki mbiri yake, asi kudzivirira mwanakomana wake mukuru.

Asi chibayiro chaThorfinn chinovawo nerima, kana achisarudza rugare, anosiya bumbiro chairo remitemo raichimbomurondedzera, achisiya asina chinhu muupenyu hwomwanakomana wake ainzi Acelad achazadza.Thorfinn anokura achinamata chisikwa, asinganzwisisi kuti murume wacho zvechokwadi aiva murimi, (8) munhu akasarudza kuva mhare chaiyo. Kuverenga chibayiro chacho kwakaipa injodzi.

Nzira yaThorfinn Yokutsiva Nokudzikinurwa

Kana vagari vemo vakazvibaira vamene nokuda kworugare, Thorfinn pakutanga vachirega chinhu chiri chose nokuda kwezvakapesana: matsive. Pashure pokutarira baba vake vachifa, mukomana anozvisunungura amene pachiroto chipi nechipi kunze kwokuuraya Astered. Anotengesa uhwana hwake, kambasi yake yetsika, uye pakupedzisira rudzi rwake amene rwomunhu kuva chishandiso chinouraya. Ichi chibayiro chakafanira chakaberekwa nenhamo, bvawo chiratidzo chakavhiringidzwa chetsika yeropa nemurwi weropa weViking, umo rukudzo rwavakafa rwakaraira kubhadharwa muropa. Thorfinn anokumbanira Is - Ashed harutendi kuvimbika; ndiko kubhejera kwokupedzisira kuparira mweya wake kukuva pedyo zvakakwana kuti urove.

Ndyiko yendangariro inoparadza. Thorfinn inova chinhu chinoparadza. Nokuti makore gumi, anowana chinhu chinovhundutsa. Kundikano yechisarudzo chake inova pachena zvikuru apo Acellad anofa norumwe ruoko, achibira Thorfinn yedonzo rake chose chose. Inongova bedzi somuranda papurazi reKetil, kuti anotanga kubvisazve chibayiro chababa vake chaanoda panzvimbo pokuparadza simba rake.

Mupata wepurazi ndimo umo nyanzvi dzaYukimura dzinopenya zvirokwazvo. Basa raThorfinn somuranda chimiro chepembedzo, asi idiwo chibairo chakafanira chorudado rwemurwi wake. Iye anotera kushatiswa, anodzidza kusima nokucheka, uye anowana kuti mutinhimira wakanyarara wokudyara nokucheka unogona kurapa maronda egumi ramakore rechisimba. Uku hakusi kudzikinurwa kunokudzwa kwapachisimba, kupisa, uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji ichinhu chinonyadzisa. Kunyange zvakadaro izvo chaizvoizvo vagari chapahomba chapanguva chaiyoiyo vaNorse vaiwana vachibva mukudenha vachienda kuvarimi. Ivhu reIceland haina kuitira hanya pamusoro pomukurumbira womunhu; kwakaraira kudikita nokushivirira. Thotera kwaThorfinn kunzvimbo yake yokutanga kunyika yake yezvizivisoko.

Askelead: Master Statec Magazini uye Zvibairo Zvake Zvakavanzwa

Lucius Artorius Castus, anozivikanwa zvikuru saIsterellad, inyanzvi yamanomano zvikurusa, uye kuvapo kwake kwose chibayiro chinotenderwa. Mwanakomana womukadzi mukuru weWales akaiswa muuranda uye muvhozheri weNorse, Asseladd anopa zvibayiro zvipi nezvipi zvinozivikanwa nomunhu mumwe. Iye anomhanya pakati penyika, achifukidza nhaka yake chaiyo, achibatira sebhiriji nebanga pakati pechiDanish neWales. Chisarudzo chake chokudzivirira Wales / kunyange pakurasikirwa noupenyu hwake amene nechibayiro chapamutemo chinoratidzika sechinhu chipi nechipi. Apo iye anenge ari musoro waMambo Sweyn uye anonyandura rufu rwake amene, anobatira upenyu hwake nokuda kwefa yeCante Hungbaclans neyalselse icharamba iripo panzvimbo yeWales ichauya.

Askelad anofunga nezvechokwadi chenhau chavatungamiriri vemibatanidzwa yavanhu vakabonderana muNguva yeViking. Vana vakuru vakawanda, kufanana ne completeo yeNormandy, vakaita chibayiro chitsva chezvamatongerwe enyika kupfurikidza nokubatanidza simba reNorse namagamuchidzanwa omunzvimbomo. Unogona kurava pamusoro pemichinjikwa inonakidza yakadaro muzvinhu zvinofukidza diaspora[FLT]. Asi anotsiva chibayiro cheNorsead inopfuura zvikuru: anozvirasa. Aiva nechamuchina uye akachenjera kuti apfuure umambo, bva anosarudza kuva mufirimu anofashoni. Chisarudzo chezvamatongerwe enyika chinobuda mumugwagwa.

Asi chibayiro chaAccellad hachisi choudyire chose chose. Iye anotakura mutoro wenyadzi yaamai vake neropa reRoma mutsinga dzake. Nokuzvitumidza amene zita ramambo wengano Artorius[, anotaura nhaka iri zvose zviri zviviri chiroto nomutoro. Upenyu hwake hwose ibasa rakarongedzerwa kusunungura chiremera chakabiwa. Kana pakupedzisira akasarudza rufu, haasati achingodzivirira Wales bedzi asi kutiza upenyu hwokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira. Chibayiro chapamutemo chinova chiito chorusununguko. Nokuti Askel, chipo chikurusagona kuzvipa amene chinoreva chinhu icho chinoreva kuti, anofamba papuranga chichava chiteshirira vavengi vake. Chinotoko chinofadza nguva dzimwe nguva chinova chiyeuchidzo chikurusa chiya chiyamutsinhiso chiya chiripo.

Kuchinja kwaCanute uye Mubayiro Wokuda Kukudzwa

Kushandurwa kwaPrince Canute kubva pamukomana akatyiswa kuenda kumambo anodisa simbi kunosimbiswa nechibairo chakajeka chinotyisa chourongwa: iye anouraya asina mhaka yake amene. Pashure porufu rwaRagnar, baba vake nomudziviriri, Canute anotarisana neganhuriro dzorudo uye kujeka kuti umambo hwaanofanira kutonga hahugoni kuvakwa netsitsi dzoga. Iye anoita chisarudzo chokudisa chokugamuchira utsinye, kubayira chimiro chake chounyoro, uye kutora mutoro wechiremera chakafanana nechamwari. Uku kubvisa mukati kunomubvumira kukunda vaurayi vababa vake uye pakupedzisira kuumba Umambo hweNorth Sea.

Munhau, Canute Great akabatanidza England, Denmark, uye Norway, asi kupfurikidza nemuvhenganiswa wesimba rehondo, kukurukurirana, uye kusimbisa kwoutsinye. Filofish Canute inotamba rutyo rwendangariro runoperekedza donzo rakadaro. Chibairo chake chamanzwire idiviso yemirangariro; anotengesa rudzi rwake nokuda kwechirango chinodikanwa kuraira. Vanland Saga[ chiono cheIngazova chiono chendangariro chomutongi chaiyeiwo, chinoratidzira kuti ave nzvimbo huru, yakatsvuka pamwe chete, mambo anofanira kubayira nguva dzimwe nguva ukama hwake zvikuru. Chisarudzo chamagadziro chamambo chokudzikama. Chisarudzodzo charo chamambo chinoita kuti chiratidzire kurwisana nekusatana pakati penguva yapamhene. Chitsumwano chinoda kusha:

Imwe yenguva dzinotyisa zvikurusa munhevedzano iyi ndeyokuti Canute anoraira kuurawa kwomurwi akavimbika uyo aifanira kuramba achibvumikisa simba rake. Haazviiti nemhaka youtsinye; anoita nemhaka yokuti ngoni dzingarangarirwa seutera. Chibairo choupenyu humwe chinhu chiduku kubhadhara nokuda kwokutsiga kwoumambo. Iyi nhau chaiyoiyo yamadzimambo eMiddle Ages ayo aifanira kuramba achibvumikisa simba rawo namabasa ake engoni. Muvara waCanute unoratidza kuti zvibayiro zvinokosha hazvisi nguva dzose pamusoro pokupa chimwe chinhu chaunoda (5) nguva dzose pamusoro pokutora chimwe chinhu kundochengetedza nharidzano huru. Nhakasa yeCan imhaka yaanofanira kuva, uye kuita kudaro, mukuita chinhu chipi nechipi chaanoda kuiswa munzvimbo yake yokutanga.

Chido cheVinland uye Chibayiro Chokupedzisira

Musangano wenhau wenhau waThorfinn unosvika apo Thorfinn pakupedzisira anosvika apo dzidzo yokudenha nokutsiva ndokuwana nyika isina varanda kana kuti minondo. Iye anorega mukurumbira wake amene pakati pavararamire vake, nyaradzo yake, uye simba rake rokuvaka nzanga ine rugare pamhenderekedzo yegungwa iri kure apo hakuna munhu achataura mutauro wake wamasimba masimba.

Iri hope rine mubiyake wenhau. Munenge mugore ra 1000, Leif Erikson. Mukoma wake Thorvald naMukoma wake Gudrid (kane gare gare akabatanidza kuedza kweNorse kupedza Vanland, nzvimbo yakapoteredza Gulf of St. Lawrew neNewfoundland. Unogona kurava mashoko akaisvonaka enyanzvi enzendo idzi pa [[FLL:]] Smithsonian Magazine’s yokunzvera muAmerica[[FLT]]. Vinland yakanga iri chibayiro chikuru zvikuru: Norse yakare yasiyiwa, yaipinda munyika umo vanhu vakaberekerwa, uye pakupedzisira yakadzokera nemhaka yemari yakakwirira. Thnnorth Magazine yakaitwawose. Chipo chakare. Chiedza chapaumbili chakakurumbidza chibairo chezviwiriso chitsva. Chishanyi chakare. Chino chinotina chapa . Chino chenzi chinopfurira kupfura chakakura chikakasa chiri chitsva hachikasha kupfurira kupfurira

Bva ngwavaira yeVinland ndeyokuti haisati yatongoshanda. Nhoroondo yenhau inoratidza kuti nzvimbo yeNorse muAmerica yakakundikana mukati mamakore mashomanene, yakasakiswa nerwisano navaSkrælings (shoko reNorse nokuda kwavanhu vemo) uye chinetso chikuru chokuchengeta mitsetse yezvipo muAtlantic. Yu Yukamura, iyo isati yapedzwa zvizere mumaga, inoratidzika kuva iri kunanga kumugumisiro wakafanana. Thorfinn ingava ratidzirwo chaiyo yezvibairo zvechipo chapamutemo muSa·ah] yose, kubatanidza ramangwana rake, nokuda kwechiono icho nhau iyo inotiudza kuti ishurikidza. Asi zvibayiro zvikuru hazvisi izvo zvinovimbisa kuti kubudirira. Thorfinn zvinobvira. Haasati chiri chinhu chitsotsiro.

Nhaka Isingaperi Yezvibayiro Zvakakodzera

Vanland Saga inoshandisa pfungwa yechibayiro chamagariro kuti tinzwisise sei zvose zviri zviviri vatambi vengano navanhu venhau. Varwi vanobaira chiratidzo chake chehondo kuti vadzivirire mwanakomana wake, uye chiito ichocho chokunyarara chimwe chinonzwika mumakumi mana amakore enhau. . Thirfinn anobayira upenyu hwake kunzvimbo isina maturo, asi kuzvivakirazve nechibayiro chikuru zvikuru chengoni munyika yeminondo. Ashel aipa upenyu hwake nenhaka mubeteji imwe kuti adzivirire Wales, uye kuti apedze nzira yeCan. Unogona kupa upenyu hwake nokuda kwoumambo. Muchinoitika chiri chose, chibayiro hachisi chinhu chinogumisa asi chitsauko chapa ganda chapamhene, chinobvira chitsva uye chinobvira chitsva.

Nokuda kwavaravi vanofarira manyuko chaiwoiwo eMiddle Ages ayo akafuridzira Yukimura, Saga Selich database yeIcelandic Saga inogovera shanduro dzakafara dzeVínland sagas uye mamwe magwaro ano udzame nezvokushambadza mativi aya chaiwo. Nhau yeViking Age yakaumbwa namazana ezvibayiro zvisina kuzivikanwa zvehurumende: vanababa vakasara kudzivirira purazi apo vanakomana vaifamba vachienda kumavirira, vatungamiriri vakagamuchira chiKristu kuti vawane mibatanidzwa yezvo, uye nzanga dzakasiya Greenland apo mamiriro okunze akatendeukira kwavari. [[FLT:]] Vanland Sagland] aya masimba makuru enhau anobva mumativi ose, anotikurudzira kuti nhau yenhau isati iri yenhau yavanhu, isati iri bhirimugonziri yezvipfurowo youremu.

Kupfuura vatambi vakuru, nhevedzano yacho inonzverawo zvibayiro zvemhiko dzechienzi dzinowanzosacherekedzwa. Einar, shamwari yaThorfinn nomuranda biyake, vanorega kuzivikanwa kwake somurimi kuti vapukunyuke utsinye hwomusika wavaranda. Hild, muvhimi anorasikirwa nemhuri yake kuTorfinn, anofanira kurega chishuvo chake chokutsiva kuti abatanidze rwendo rweVinland. Kunyange varimi vanopa michero yavo kuti vatsigire kuparadzwa kwacho, vanofamba vachisiya mhuri dzavo shure kwedanga iri rezvipo. Nhau yacho inoomerera kuti hapana munhu anovaka nyika oga; hhekitari iri yose inotengwa nokudeyanwa nokuona nokupa kwaavo vakauya pamberi pezvi.

Kunaka kwenhevedzano yacho ndekwokuti haitongoregi vateereri vachikanganwa ndyiko. Mhindu iri yose (panyika, rugare, simba) inobhadharwa pachine nguva mberi nechimwe chinhu chakavanzika chikuru. Sezvaunoshanyirazve gas kana kuti kutarira aime, cherekedza kuti chibayiro chimwe nechimwe, chakaoma kana kuti chakashata, chinonatsa kubuda kunze kurondedzera upenyu hwaavo vanopukunyuka. Nenzira iyoyo, Sainland [ hachingotauri nhau yazvino uno; chinodzidzisa zvokwadi yakaoma pamusoro pekutungamirira, rudo, uye inogara muzera ripi neripi neripi: zvinhu bedzi zvakafanirwa nokuzvipa isu timene.