Madzinza mashomanene mungano dzeJapan anoraira kufadza zvikuru seYato Clan — zita rinonyandura mifananidzo yavarwi vanorwisana nehondo, mhiko dzisingaparadzwi, uye kurondwa kwokusaneta kwekukudzwa. Nhau yavo inopfuura nhauwo zvayo yenhau; inoumba kufungisisa kukuru pamusoro poutungamiriri mumoto; zvisungo zvisingachinjiki zvokuvimbika, uye chishuvo chikuru chomunhu chokuda kudzikinurwa. Yato chinovakirwa mumibatanidzwa inochinja neropa rakavakwa nehondo dzehondo dzehondo dzehondo dzehondo dzeJapan, kuzivikanwa kwaYato kwakapindwa murwisano yenguva dzose nemusiyano yetsika. Uku kuongorora kutevera nheyo dzenhau dzekare, kubvisa utungamiriri hwayo hune simba, uye kutevera mumipata yaro yakasvibaira kukundikana kuyananiswa, nei Yato yakaramba iripo nokuda kwokunzwisisa kwekare.

Nhoroondo Yomunguva Yato Clan

Yato Clan yakabatanidzwa nokupesana kwenhambo ye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nguva yehondo yehondo yevagari vemo inokamura Japan kubva kumugumo wezana ramakore rechi15 kusvika kukutanga kwerechi17. Maererano nezvinyorwa zvakakamurika uye magamuchidzanwa anotaurwa, dzinza rakavamba pakati pemipata isina kumira zvakanaka yeChūgoku, umo mhuri duku dzinonayamburira — kazhinji kazhinji dzinonzi jiramu] — dzakabatanidzwa pamwe chete nokuda kwedziviriro. Zvizvarwa izvi zvehondo zvakatanga zvakaumba unyanzvi hwazvo hwokurwa uye kuzivikanwa namashoko, pakupedzisira zvichitakura chiziviso chakatakura chikwa chezvikwakwa chakana chezvikwakwa, zvikwakwa zvinoiswa.

Pakuzosvika pakuvamba kwama 1500, Yato yakanga yaveza nzvimbo yaibatanidza misha mizhinji yakasimbiswa nenhare ine mwero yegomo, Yatojō. Nzvimbo yavo yenzvimbo yazvo pamugwagwa muduku wokushambadza yakavapa mukana wokushandisa simbi nokuda kwezvombo namashoko aibva kudzimbahwe, bva yakavaitawo chipfuro nokuda kwavavakidzani vakuru zvikuru, vanosimudzira. Boka rakanangidzira idzi ngozi nomumubatanidzwa wekugadzirira hondo uye kukurukurirana nezviremera zvamangwaru, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvichiwirirana namadzishe ane simba nepo vaidzivisa kudzorwa chose chose. Ichi chiito chaidikanwa kuva vatungamiriri vaigona kurava nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika yaichinja uye kuita nenzira yakasimba, vaigona kurondedzera utungamiriri hweYato kwemazana amakore.

Pakava nehondo dzakanyorwa nemauto anowedzera Oda naMōri pakati pezana ramakore rechi16 zvakaedza kumira kwedzinza. Muhondo yeTakasaka Pass (circa 1562), Yato yairwisana nemauto asingasviki mazana matatu yakaramba simba rinovhozhokera kwemazuva matatu, kutenga nguva yokusimbisa. Zviito zvakadaro, zvakapfuudzira mu mijenya yemidyaro yehondo , yakasimbisa mukurumbira werudzi sechisimba uye chitsoropo. Chinyorwa chenhau, kunyange zvazvo chakaregwa, chinosimbisa nguva dzose kunamatira kweYato kumufambiro kunyange apo unotarisana nemipingamupikana mukuru — musero iwoyo gare gare gare gare gare waizokwidza kuva murairo unokwene rondedzero inoyera.

Utungamiriri muYato Clan

Pamugumo weYato nzanga pakanga pamire Daimyō, ishe ane chiremera chairema zvikuru zvichine gamuchidzanwa nekariro dzavanhu vose. Kusafanana nesimba risingadzorwi rimwe madzimambo aishandiswa, Yato Daimyō yaitarisirwa kuumba mavara maviri bbun (kunakunatsiridza) uye [[FLT: 4.] simba risingadzorwi, (simba). Ichokwaida kuti ishe wacho ari maviri ave murwi akaedzwa noushingi uye mutevedzeri wenhetembo, chinyorwa, uye chiyeuchidzo chaida zvikuru utungamiriri [[FLT] [FLT:] [FLT] [FLT]] [FY:5]).

Mugariro wokudzora wedzinza waitenderera pamifungo yavakuru, [[FLT: 0] Kashindan, uyo akabatira savatungamiriri navatungamiriri. Uyu mutumbi wakashanda secherekedzo pamirangariro yaDaimyō, uchivimbisa kuti zvisarudzo zvikuru — zvakadai seziviso dzehondo, nyika inogoverwa, kana kuti kurukurirano — yakaratidzira bvumirano yavarwi vane ruzivo rukurusa. Gadziriro yacho yakasimudzira tsika yenhungamiro apo kurukurirano nekurukurirano zvaikosheswa, uye kunyange makumbo akaderera zvikuru aigona kukumbira dare kupfurikidza nenhevedzano yoruremekedzo.

Vaimbi vakatanhamara vaiva chiratidzo chamadzishe makurusa eYato. Vakaita zvakanaka mu chisei-ga, unyanzvi hwokurava nzvimbo nemamiriro okunze kuti vashandise zvisina kunaka muvengi. Mazita edzinza anotaura mutungamiriri akakurumbira Yato Nagakage, uyo muna 1583 akatanga usiku hunogumbura mukati memvura, achifukidza mauto ake nedutu uye achikanda muvengi mukuru zvikuru mukusashanda zvakanaka. Kupfuura unyanzvi hwehondo, Yato Daimyō akava nomutoro mukuru wokuchengeta rukudzo rweboka mumabasa ose. Chiito chimwe chouranda kana kuti chinyengeri chaigona kuputsa chivimbo chinoitwa navarwi vairwi vaisungana, vakavimbika uye vasingavigidi voga voga.

Vatungamiriri vakarwa pamwe chete nevarwi vavo, vakagoverana nhamo dzavo, uye vakarwadziwa pachena kurasikirwa kwakawana kuzvipira kwaisagona kugadzirwa nomutemo. Uku kubatana kwemirangariro kunosimbiswa kwasimbiswazve munhoroondo dzedetembedzo dzedzinza, umo Daimyō inorondedzerwa se “mwoyo unopomba ropa kumakumbo ose,” vachisimbisa kuti utungamiriri hwakanga huri basa guru rokushandira boka.

Kuvimbika Noukama

Ruvimbiko muYato Clan rwakanga rusati rwuri kutengeserana kwakapfava; rwakanga rwuri kutengeserana kwose kwapanyika yetsika kwakavakirwa pabumbiro remitemo raiwanzofananidzwa na coniverhidō asi neyakasiana Yato shopings. Kunozivikanwa se Yato] aiwa. (Nzira yeYaLT]] [[FLT]]]] [Inzira yeYato]), iyi chinyorwa chakasimbisa mirangariro mitatu mikuru: kuvimbika kunashe kunyange pakurasikirwa noupenyu hwomunhu, dziviriro yakasimba yezvisungo zvakasimba mukati meboka rehama. Iyi yakanga isiri mifungo isinganzwisisiki; yaisimbiswa kupfurikidza nomuitiro yezuva nezuva, uye kukundikana kuzivikanwa.

Murangariro wa ohashi-giri (chikwereti chekurukurirano yokugoverana) unoenzanisira ukuru hwouhama. Pamberi penhimbe, varwi vaiungana mumapoka maduku, vachigoverana waini yomupunga nenhau dzomunhu oga — kutya, kuzvidemba. Uyu muitiro wakaumba sungano yendangariro: munhu mumwe nomumwe aiziva udzame hwezvakavanzika zvoupenyu hwake, achiita kutengesa kana kuti umbwe. Apo murwi akawira muhondo, shamwari dzake dzapedyo zvikuru dzaikarirwa kuendesa yeuko yake mberi, vachitsigira zviito zvake pakuungana kwemabhoti, basa rakashandura nhamo kuva mushandi anobatira anobatira.

Miedzo yakakomba yokuvimbika inooneka muYato lore. Imwe yenhau yakakurumbira inoitira hanya muchengeti Jirō, uyo, kuti adzivirire gadziriro dzapachivande dzatenzi wake, akazvibvumira amene kubatwa ndokutambudzwa pasina kuzivisa udzame humwe, kunyange sezvo kupukunyuka kwake kwaibvira. Kunyarara kwake kwakarangarirwa kwete seteererowo zvayo asi seratidzirwo yakakwirira zvikurusa yokusarudza rudzi pachako. Zviito zvakafanana neiyi kuvimbika kwakanga kuri simba mhenyu, rudzi rwomudzimu rwakava norutivi rwakarurama apo mauto okunze uye panikiro zvakatyisidzira kuruputsa.

Iyi tsika yokubatana yaitambanuka kupfuura nhandare yehondo. Munguva dzenzara, dzinza raiparadzira pfuma zvokuti pasava nemhuri yaiziya nenzara; mugakava, vakuru vaireverera neziso rokuchengeta tsinhirano panzvimbo pokuraira ruramisiro. Chizivikanwo chomunhu wacho chakanga chakarukwa zvikuru kwazvo mujira rairangarirwa kuva jambwa rakaipa zvikuru kupfuura rufu — kubviswa kworudzi rwomunhu rumene.

Kutamburira Kununurwa: Rwendo Rwomunhu Oga uye Rwokuunganidza

Kana kuvimbika kwaiva nhoo yedzinza, kutsvaka rudzikinuro kwaiva kurongeka uko mweya waro wairamba uchidzorwa. Yato nhauro inodzorwa nenhambo dzokundikano ine ngwavaira — chivimbo chakaiswa panzvimbo isiri iyo, mizariro muhondo, kunyengera kwomukati — kwakapinza nhau yavo muruzvidzo.

Rudzikinuro rumwe norumwe rwakaita zvimiro zvakawanda. Murwi akatiza hondo angapedza makore akawanda sebasa rinodzungaira rōnin, achiita mabasa akaderera uye achitsvaka chikonzero chakafanira chokuti azvibayire amene nokudaro “adzime. Nhoroondo yomupfuri Kenta inoisa denda iri: pashure pokupfura zvisakarurama mukati mousiku, Kenta akarega nokuzvidira zvombo zvake ndokubatira somushandi anozivikanwa navose mumigodhi yemigodhi. Mumakore gumi, akawanazve zvishoma nezvishoma chivimbo kupfurikidza nebasa rokusatsanangura, pakupedzisira achifa muchiito chokudzokera shure chakaponesa mwanakomana wake muduku weDamyō. Khanda murwendo wokuzvidzwa kuti ashambadziswe, haana kutongokodzeka.

Apo boka ravanhu rakaronga imba inokwikwidzana rakatanga kurwisana muHondo yeFushin River (1612), dzinza rose rakatarisana negomba rakadzikadzika. Vapukunyuki vakadzokera kunzvimbo tsvene yegomo riri kure, vakabviswa nyika dzavo nemisoro. Zvizvarwa zviviri zvizere. Zvizvarwa zviviri, Yato zvakararama muutapwa, kurima minda mishomanene uye kuchengetedza nomutoo wakakomba nhau yavo mumipumburu yakagadzirwa mumaoko. Vakavakwazve nokudzorwazve kuYato Michi, vachitanga dzidzo yakakomba nokuda kwevana vose navakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vanodzorwa kupfurikidza nokuchinja mufambiro wavo. Pavakirazve chisarira chetsika chakava chehurumende kupfurikidza nokukurirazve, vairangarira kuva varwi vezvamatongerwe enyika asi kudzoreswa kwetsika dzomugariro mukuru apo zvisarudzo zvose zvakakurukurwa pachena. Pavaidzokororwa ndokubviswa kupfurikidza nokutenderwa kwechi chibvumirano chapamutemo kupfurikidza nokutenderwa mberi kwechipoteve.

Vavaki Venhaka yeYato: Vatungamiriri Vanokosha Netapuro Yavo

Kusimba kwedzinza neuzivi zvakaumbwa nenhevedzano yenhevedzo dzechienzi dzine upenyu hunobatanidza nhambo dzeYato. Yato Masagata (1490-1552), inozivikanwa se “Quill naBlade,” yanobatanidza mhuri dzakapararira dzeYato mukati menyongano dzenhambo yebhizimisi reNanban. Mudetembi wedzimwe ndudzi, Masagata akanyoresa chinyorwa chokutanga chakanyorwa chedzinza, kubatanidza tsika dzeConfucian neruremedzo rwedzinza reShinto yemo. Kutonga kwake kwakasimbisa muenzaniso wokuti basa rokutanga rashe rakanga riri kunyika navanhu varo, kwete kubwinya kwomunhu oga.

Zana ramakore gare gare, Yato Ryuma akatarisana neawa yakasviba yedzinza. Kutora utungamiriri pashure pengwavaira yoRwizi rwaFushin, Ryūma akanga ari mwana wechizvarwa chakatapwa, akarerwa achiziva kusatana kuvapo kwedzinza. Ralma akaramba kudzorwa kwoutsinye kwemhuri yake, panzvimbo pokuronda muitiro we “simba rakanyarara” — kuvaka kuzviwanisa kwoupfumi nokuchera migodhi nesilika, uye kusimudzira kufambidzana kwechiPrârecord kupfurikidza neroorano netsika. Ryhūma yakaiswa mukushandura mavara egamuchidzanwa mumugariro wenhauro, kubvumikisa kuti rukudzo runogona kurimwa muminda napasesa. [FYK], sekan.[3]

Vasiri vanoyemurwa zvikuru vaiva vakadzi veYato Clan avo vakaumba nzira kubva kunzvimbo yomugove. Yato Shizue, mudzimai we 17th minurdamyō, akakurukura somunhu oga kupfuudzwa kwakakotsekana kwavana vake uye mari yemari yeboka panguva yakakomba kupfurikidza nokufamba asina kusungwa nebhii rokukwirira rakabva kune dzinza rimwe. Kushinga kwake nounyanzvi hwokuda kuratidzira kuti simba rerudzi rwakanga rusina kuva nohukadzi asi rwakasimba mutsika netsika.

Hondo Nemasangano Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Zvinochinja

Kuvimbisana kwehondo nokuda kweYato kwakanga kusingawanzove kwaipinda mumatare evavengi nokuda kwokukunda kwakwo; kwakanga kuri kutambanudzwa kwekurukurirano netsika yakakomba yokuzivikanwa. Gadziriro dzehondo dzakasimbisa kufamba, ungwaru, uye zivo yapedyo yenzvimbo yavo ine makomo. VaScouts vainyepedzera kuva vatengesi kana kuti mamongi vaipinda nguva dzose pakati pevarwi vevavengi, uye Yato yakanga iri pakati pevokutanga munharaunda yavo kuti vashandise [[FLT:] shinobi[ nokuda kwokuparadza hondo nemashoko — chiteshiviso kutsikano chehondo yeninja gare gare gare.

Muzvamatongerwe enyika, Yato yakawana nzvimbo yapakati yakakotsekana pakati pehove hurusa seOda neMōri. Chishandiso chavo chokupukunyuka chinobatanidza kō-seisaku] (mitemo yemiitiro), inotumidzwa nechinhu chinozvibatanidza chimene kuhove hurusa. Vaizovimbisa kuvimbika kunotsamira pashe mukuru apo vaichengeta udzori nohuda hwokuchinja mativi kana ishe akashambadzira chivimbo chavo. Iyi mirairo yokuchinja, kunyange zvazvo pane dzimwe nguva yakatsoropotedzwa sechero, yaibatanidzwa mutsika dzakasimba: rudzi rungodairwo bedzi kana mukwanyina wokutanga akaputsa mipimo mikuru yedziviriro noruremekedzo. Sezvakanyorwa na1859, FLG. [5]

Muchina Wetsika: Yato Clan muKudhirowa uye Kurondedzera

Nguva refu pashure pokunge simba ravo rezvamatongerwe enyika raderera, Yato Clan yararama mungano dzakapfuma dzeJapan. Kabuki na bunraku vanotamba nhau dzavo dzinorwadza zvikurusa, zvakadai serudzikinuro rwomupfuri weKenta, kazhinji kazhinji rwakaiswa mucherechedzo webhomba rinoorora nerakajeka. Mumabhii emiti, Yato varwi vanoratidzirwa nerbecr [“varwi], kutaura kwavo kunobatwa pakati penjiso nefungidzi — chisarudzo chounyanzvi icho chinoratidzira chibereko chakadzikama [[FLT]] uye [FLT:] [FLD] [FF]

Mitambo yeterevhizheni yazvino uno nemanga zvakatangazve kudzosa Yato nhauro, pane dzimwe nguva kuisazve rudzi sevachengeti vemifungo yezvakavanzika zvekare kana kuti sedzinosinwa vachirwisana nezviremera zvetsika zvakashata. Idzi rondedzero, kunyange zvazvo dzakasununguka, dzinopupurira kukwirira kukuru kwemisoro yeYato: vanhuwo zvavo vakasungwa nebumbiro remitemo yechienzi, vachitamburira kuwana nzvimbo dzavo dzakanakisisa pakati pamasimba masimba netsika. Nyanzvi dzetsika dzakakurumbira dzeJapan dzinocherekedza kuti Yato expel anorumbidza "[[FLT:] ginōn [[FLT:]" . — rwisano pakati pebasa navanhu. — vachivaita motokari dzakanaka nokuda kwokutsvaka mirangariro yemirangariro yavose.

Zvidzidzo Zvisingaperi Zvakabva Kuyato Clan

Kunyange zvazvo Yato yenhau isati ichabata nyika kana kuti mauto anoraira, muenzaniso wavo woutungamiriri nenzanga unopa nzwisiso inogara. Kuomerera kweboka kuti chiremera chidzorerwe nezano, kuti kuvimbika kuitwe kupfurikidza netarisiro yechokwadi, uye kundikano iyoyo iteverwa nokuvandudza kunoshingaira, kwakabatana kunotaura zvakananga kumasangano azvino uno. Mabhizimisi, masangano edzidzo, uye mapoka enzanga anogona vose kutora muYato purani yeutungamiriri hwevashandi, umo garikano yose inokurira kuzvikudza kwomunhu oga oga.

Gadziriro yeyato yorudzikinuro, zvikurukuru, inonzwika muzera rinowanzorasa avo vanogumburwa. Kupfurikidza nokuronga nzira dzokudzorerwa nadzo — kwete kupfurikidza nekukumbira ruregerero kwapanze asi kupfurikidza nenhamburiko inooneka, — rudzi rwacho rwakaparira tsika umo zvikanganiso zvingava matombo okupinda panzvimbo pezvinhu zvechigarire. Murangariro wokudzikinura kwechizvarwa, umo nyadzi dzavabereki dzinocheneswa kupfurikidza nomufambiro unokudzwa wavana, wakasimbisa murangariro murefu wokuzvidavirira uyo nzanga yazvino uno kazhinji kazhinji unoshaiwa.

Kupfuurirazve, kubatanidzwa kwounyanzvi nedzidzo yetsika muchinhu choupenyu hwezuva nezuva kunoratidzira nzwisiso yokubudirira kwomunhu. Yato akaziva kuti murwi aigona kugadzira haku, anoonga kunhuhwira kwakaisvonaka kwamaruva matema, uye anorangarira pamusoro pokufa kwake amene kwakanga kuri kwakadzikama zvikuru — uye pakupedzisira kunobudirira zvikuru — mudziviriri kupfuura mutoowo zvawo wokuuraya. Uku kusvika kune kwekukura kwomunhu oga kunoramba kuri mushonga une simba kurondedzero duku dzebudiriro.

Nhoroondo yeYato Clan pakupedzisira igirazi rakasungirirwa kurwisana kwedu timene nechiremera, kuva vafundisi, uye kudikanwa kwokunaya panyadzi.