Kubva kuvahosi vakaipa vengano dzengano kusvikira kunyanzvi dzemifungo dzemabhaisikopo azvino uno, mhosho dzine nzvimbo yakasiyana mufungidziro dzose.Idzo hadzisati dzichingovawo mhinganidzo kuti mhare dzikunde; ivo zvionioni zvinoratidzira funganyo dzakasviba zvikurusa dzenzanga namahwindo mumativi anokatyamadza zvikurusa endangariro dzavanhu. Kunzwisisa mhosho kubvunza mibvunzo isina kunaka pamusoro pesimba redu timene resimba, kusazvibata kwemiganhu yetsika, uye revo chaiyoiyo yokuda. Uku kunzvera kunobatanidza uzivi, ruzivo rwendangariro, uye unyanzvi hwokurondedzera kuti kuve kupesana kunoita vazivi vanotaputi vendangariro vanogombedzeka kwazvo kwazvo.

Zvakaipa Zvakaita: Kubvunzurudza Kwouzivi

Vazivi vakamboedza kuongorora kwayakabva, uye kuvapo kwayo.

Plato nokusaziva kwezvakanaka — Mukurukurirano dzamaSaka, uipi hahuwanzova kugamuchirwa noune kwezvakaipa nokuda kwahwo humene. Plato akapikisa kuti vanhu nguva dzose vanovavarira zvavanofunga sezvakanaka; chakaipa chinoparirwa nokushaiwa zivo kana kuti nzwisiso yakashata yezvakanaka. Mudzvinyiriri, mumurangariro uno uyu, haasati ari chikara chinodisa ruparadziko asi mweya unopofumadzwa kurudzi rweruramisiro, uchironda mifarwa inopfuura iyo inotungamirira kunhamo huru zvikuru. Iyi murangariro wokuti mhoshori dzinowanzova mifananidzo ine ngwavaira, kutandarira zvakanaka izvo zvinochengeta zvakabatwa mukuvadziko.

Augustine nePriviation of Good — St. Augustine akapa kumonyaniswa kwedzidziso yechitendero kwakapesvedzera mazana amakore emafungiro okuMadokero. Kwaari, zvakaipa hazvina kuva nezvinhu zvazvo zvimene; kwakanga kuri ushati kana kuti kusavapo kwezvakanaka, kungofanana nokushayikwa kweutano munyama. Chikanganiso, ipapo, hachizati chiri chinhu chakazadzwa nechinhu chakaipa asi chakanaka chakasikwa chakamonyana. Iyi rondedzero, inozivikanwa se pivo bionio[FLT], inoreva kuti kunyange akashata zvikurusa, anochengeta chisaririra chorunako, kudzikama kumuka murima, kwete chinhu chakasikwa.

Chiratidzo chapanyika — Immanuel Kant akaunza chinetso chacho chose chose munzvimbo yorusununguko rwomunhu. Iye akataura nezve “zvakaipa zvorudzi rwokuda kutsiva musikirwo wohunhu kuzviisa pasi pomutemo wetsika kukuda kuzvifadza. Hachisi simba rokunze asi kushandura kwakasununguka zvinhu zvokutanga. Chikanganiso, mugadziriro yaKantian, chine mutoro chose chose nokuda kwechisarudzo ichocho. Ikoku kurangarira kuti zvakaipa hazvisi zvisavo zvakasarudzwa sezvigadzirwa zvakasarudzwa zvavo asi sezvikwakashamiso zvavo asi sezvisakiso zvakavanzika zvavo, zvinoziva mutemo wetsika, zvinosarudza kuhuputsa.

Uzivi hwazvino uno hwakawedzera rumwe rutivi: kuvadziko yezvakaipa. Hannah Arendt, achishuma pamusoro pomuedzo waAdolf Eichmann, akacherekedza kuti zviito zvinotyisa kazhinji kazhinji hazvitangi muruvengo rwoudhemoni asi mukusafunga, basa rokushanda, uye kusakwanisa kuvhunduka kufungidzira murangariro wemumwe. Uku kunzwisisa kunoreva kuti unyengeri hunogona kuva breaucratic netsika, zvichitiyeuchidza kuti vazivi vanoziva zvizere kuti havadi kusekwa nokuseka kwechienzi. (Exlore Arendt)

Psychology Chiri Mundangariro Dzisina Kutsarukana

Kuongorora pfungwa kwemazuva ano kunopa pfungwa dzakawanda dzezvakaita, kukuvara, uye zvikanganiso zvinokonzera kuti zvinhu zvakaipa zvinongoitika zvoga zvivepo.

Zvinetso Zvohunhu Netsika Yokutapurika

Mabhinya akawanda anokosha zvikurusa amabhuku anoiswa pamienzaniso nenzira yakanaka anozivikanwa munyanzvi yepsychology, kunyange kana vaisazowana chirwere munyika chaiyoiyo.

  • Nercissistic Disorder:[[FLT: 1] Pfungwa huru yokuzviyemura, kudikanwa kukuru kwokuzvirumbidza, uye kushaikwa kukuru kwetsitsi kunoparira vara richashandisa zvisina kufanira uye kusazvidemba. Funga nezveIago kubva pa [[FLT:], ane shanje norudado runomuita kuti aparadze upenyu hwake chose chose chose chose. Mabhuku anobatanidza uyu mutoo wokuzvidzora nawo amene nounotapurwa namatuko. (Rava zvikuru pa [FLT:] FLT][FF]]]
  • Disorder yeSocial Personation: Kuzvidzwa kwakapararira kwamaruramiro avamwe, kunoratidzirwa nokunyengera, kusawirirana, uye kukundikana kuwirirana netsika dzenzanga. Joker inoenzanisira ikoku nokuputswa kwake kunofadza kwemuganhu uri wose. Nzvero nguva dzose inoratidza kuti vanhu vakadaro kazhinji kazhinji vane tsitsi dzoungwaru dzinonzwisa tsitsi, mano okurava ndangariro dzavamwe (* asi kuishandisa nokuda kwokushandisa mirangariro yavamwe panzvimbo petsitsi.
  • Broderline Personal Disorder:[[FLT: 1] Nhamburiko dzendangariro, nhamburiko dzokupengenuka dzokudzivisa kurambwa, uye pfungwa isina kusimba yokuzivikanwa inogona kuparira mhosho dzine utsinye hunomuka mumarwadzo makuru. Kuva nemhaka kwaMai Macbeth kunoitikazve, pakupedzisira kuputsanya ungwara hwake, kudzokorora vhiringidziko huru yomukati yeiyi nzira.

Mumvuri Wekuvara

Vanodzidza nezvepfungwa vanocherechedza kuti njodzi dzepakuvamba dzinogona kuvhiringidza kukura kwetsika kwenguva dzose uye kuita kuti pave nokufungidzira kwokuti munhu wacho anoramba achityisidzirwa.

  • Kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwoucheche nokuregeredzwa:[[FLT: 1] Voldemort, yakarerwa mumusha wenherera usina rudo, inodzidza pakuvamba kuti simba ndiyo mari bedzi inovimbisa chengeteko. Kuronda kwake kwokusafa kwokunyanyisa kunogona kuraviwa sekubhururuka kwokupererwa nezano rose kwaakasangana nako somwana.
  • Kuramba nokuzviparadzanisa: Chisikwa chiri muna Mary Shelley Fradenstein [ chinova chinotyisa bedzi pashure pokuramba kwadzokororwa kwadzokororwa nemusiki wake nenzanga. Chisimba chikumbiro chakamonyaniswa chokuonga, chinoratidza kuti kutsaura vanhu kunogona kukanganisa sei kudikanwa kwebatano mukuda kutsiva.
  • Njodzi nenhamo yakaoma: Munhau dzisingaverengeki, rufu rwomudiwa runova chinhu chikuru. Anakin Skylaker anochinja kuva Darth Vader anonyandurwa norutyo rwokurasikirwa nePadmé, achimutungamirira kuruvara rwakasviba runopikira kudzora rufu rumene. Zviito zvinovapo zvokuponda kukuru zvinotyisa, bva mirangariro midzi irutyo rukuru rwomunhu rwokurasikirwa.

Kukanganisa Kunoita Kuranga Nokuvhiringidzika Kwetsika

Vavhiri havawanzozvioni vamene sevakaipa. Vanogadzira pembedzo dzakasanorongwa dzinovabvumira kurarama nezviito zvavo. Albert Bandura wezvendangariro wenzanga akazivisa miitiro yokuparadza tsika: zita rokuzvidza tsika, kubvisa umhuka kuvanyajambwa, uye kuiswa mungozi. Mudzvinyiriri angadana kuuraya rudzi kuti “kuchenesa”; mudikanwi ane godo angaparadza ruparadziko se“ kudzidzisa chidzidzo.” Izvi zvisasizvo zvishandisirwa kufungidzira, zvishandisiro zvimwe chetezvo zvinoshandiswa navanhuwo zvavo kuti vakuvadze zvinoshamisa. Kunzwisisa kwavo kunoshatisa daro rakaisvonaka pakati pa “ius na“ ”.

Tsvakanyo DzemaFilosophy

Kuvapo kwadzo papeji kana kuti materevhizheni kunotimanikidza kubvunzurudza kutsiga kwemapoka edu etsika uye rudzi rwesangano.

Kuzvisarudzira, Kusarudza, uye Mutoro Wetsika

Ko mhosho ingapomerwa zvirokwazvo here kana hunhu hwavo hwakaumbwa nokushatiswa, kemikoro yavo youropi ichivaita kuti vave vane rwisano yetsika yavose? Gakava pakati pekudzivisa pamutemo nerusununguko rwechisarudzo hachisi chinhu chedzidzo; ichiri danda rokutonga nzira yatinotonga nayo antinagononist. Kana chisarudzo chiri chose chiri muuyo usingadzivisiki wezvisakiso zvokutanga, ipapo muparadziro mushomanene wetsika uye ngwavaira yomusikirwo zvikuru. Bva masangano edu emitemo nenhau yedu zvinodzivisa mhedziso iyi, inoomerera pachisarudzo chine mutoro. Compatibistisms inopikisa kuti kunyange muchisiko chose chose, chisarudzo chinoitwa pasina kumanikidza uye mukuwirirana nezvishuvo zvomunhu amene amene chinogona kurangarirwa zvakasununguka. Anozviziva anovavarira kurangarira, naizvozvo, anogona kuzvidavirira, nemhaka yezvakamuraniswa nechakavanzika.

Kuganhurirwa KweVillainy Nemuiti Wezvakaipawo Zvawo

Arendt inodenha murangariro worudo wemhondi huru, youSatani. Muupenyu chaihwoihwo hwunowedzera kuoma.(avil) Mungano inowanzopfeka chiso chisingataurwi. Mubati anoisa chiratidzo chokudzinga chichaita kuti mhuri dzive dzisina misha, mukuru mukuru webhizimisi anodzvinyirira mashoko pamusoro pezvinhu zvinouraya, murwi anotevera mirairo pasina panikiro: ava vapanduki vasingarambidzi. Chivimbo chavo chinonyengedzei kwete muruvengo rukuru asi mukusaratidza.

Denderedzwa Rehero-Villain Rinozviisa Parutivi

Mune dzimwe nhau, mutsigiri ndiye anoparira kumuka kwegamba. Pasina vashori vadzosesai avo vanoratidzira izvo mhare ingava. Uhu huya hwesimba hunomutsa mubvunzo: mhare inoda mhosva kuti ivepo here? Mudzimwe nhauro, muvengi ndiye anoparira kumuka kwetsika dzegamba. Pasina Joker, Batman angangova zvake muvengi akapfuma ane simba remagamba; inyongano yenemesis iyo inosunda Batman kuramba ichivandudza miganhuro yetsika yake amene yetsika. Nomutoo wakato mukuru, mhoshoro inowanzoratidzira mumvuri wenzanga . Nomutoo wokunze yetsika inodzorwa uye kurangarira chinhu chokunze. Kunzwisisai kwatinopiwa nzanga “illailla, idzidziso yemagariro dzakavanzika pamusoro pezvido zvakavanzika.

Mifananidzo YeVillainy: Nzvero Nhatu Dzenhau

Kunyatsoongorora vazivi vemifananidzo kunoratidza kuti shinda dzepfungwa nedzouzivi dzinobatanidzwa sei kuti dzigadzire vanhu vanotinetsa nguva refu nyaya yacho yapera.

Mushandi: Mumiriri weChaos

Zvirango zvishomanene zvakanzverwa zvikuru somuJoker. Iye muzivi wetsika anoshandisa masimba masimba kuratidzira kuti nhevedzano inhema inodzima. Mundangariro, mufambiro wake unowirirana nemavara akanyanyisa enzanga akabatanidzwa nevhiringidziko inobvira, kunyange zvazvo kunyanyova kwake anokakavadzana. Haatsvaki upfumi kana kuti simba mupfungwa ipi neipi yegamuchidzanwa; vavariro yake ndeyokufumura kusanzwisisana kwemitemo yetsika. Murangariro, inharo inopesana netsika dzetsika dzinopesana nechakaipa nechakaipa. (5) Anoda kubvumikisa kuti munhu upi noupi, anopiwa simba rerudyi, acharega nheyo yenheyo yewe amene. Mutsetse wake wakaipa, “Zunoita zvose, ipfungwa yakasviba, inofinha , inovava mukurumbira yetsika. [FFF.]

Ruzha: Kutya Rufu Nokuronda Rucheno

Kushandurwa kwaTom Riddle kuva Lord Voldemort ifundo mukuzvinyima kwapakuvamba kwemunhu, kuchena kweropa, uye rutyo rwokufa zvinogona kuva kwezvakanakira. Horcruxes hazvisi zvigadzirwa zvamashiripiti chete; izvo kutaura kwokupedzisira kwendangariro kusingagoni kugamuchira kuganhurirwa kumwe kwomunhu kwapose pose. Kunetseka kwapanyika necheteidzo yeropa kunoratidza mifungo chaiyoiyo yenyika iyo inopikira kupfuvura nokubviswa kwa “vamwe.".[4] Filosophex, anomirira chinoitika apo simba rinorambwa muukama hupi nohupi nehupi hune revo. Kutadza kwake kunzwisisa mashiripikicha anodzivirira Mutu wePulson Harry: upenyu hwepakati porufu runotova nechinhu chisina maturo.

Mukadzi Macbeth: Kuda Chinzvimbo Nehana Dzisingadzoreki

Mukadzi waShakespeare Macbeth haasati ari chikarawo asi mukadzi ane gwinyiro rinotyisa anodana kumidzimu ku “zvinyadzisira”, kubvisa tsitsi dzaanodavira kuti dzinomira pakati pake nekorona. Pashure pokupondwa kwaMambo Duncan, iye anoomerera nenzira yakakurumbira kuti“ mvura shomanene inotidzisa pairi chiito ichi,” asi kuburuka bedzi kupinda mukusageza maoko kwakakomba uye kupenga. Nenzira yendangariro, kuratidzira kwake miuyo inoparadza yokuva nemhaka yakadzvinyirirwa: ndangariro inopandukira iyo imene apo hana inonyarara. Philosoph, varati irangariro pamusoro pokuvadziko chaiyoiyo yetsika. Munhu anogona kuramba kurema kwechakaipa nokuda kwenguva refu bedzi. Nyaudzo yake inyedzo yacho pakupedzisira.

Kununurwa uye Kusava Nengozi Yokunaya Kwetsika

Hadzisi ngano dzose dzinoguma nokuparadzwa kwemhosho. Dzimwe nhauro dzinonzvera kana mudaviri angarega kuita zvakaipa uye izvo chinjo yakadaro inoda. Uku kunobvira kunomutsa mibvunzo mikuru pamusoro pekanganwiro, kuzvidavirira, uye kugarisa kwevara. Mundangariro, mufungo we wokukura kwechinjo [ kunokarakadza kuti kunyange mitoo inokuvadza zvikuru inogona kubviswa kupfurikidza nenzwisiso, kutora mutoro, uye kugadzira. Dar Vath shard anorega chiito chokupedzisira (acription) kuzviponesa mwanakomana wake (5) anodzorwa zvikuru asi anona simba zvikuru. Kubva munzvero, kumipimo wouzivi, kunoedza miganhuro yeruramisiro. Murwi mukuru anogona kugadziridza zvirokwazvo, kana kuti aparira kurukurirano chikanganiso chakashata? Dar Vath varateswororororo inopa chikanganiso chakajeka chakakomba apo tinorangarira kupoka.

mhedziso

Kushanda kwepfungwa dzouipi kunopfuura zvikuru ndaza yetsika dzakamonyana; iredhi yatinonzvera nayo kusagadzikana kukurusa kwokuva munhu. Philosophy inotiratidza kuti zvakaipa zvinogona kuva kusaziva, kushaiwa, chisarudzo, kana kuti kusafunga. Kubatanidza iyi mifungo nechinhu chaichoichoicho chokukuvara, unhu, uye kushata. Uye nhau dzatinotaura dzinochinja idzi nzwisiso kuva vanhu vanodenha, vanotyisidzira, uye panhambo nenhambo kuwana kunzwira tsitsi kwedu. Mutsetse pakati pemhare nemusungo hauna kumiswa; inzvimbo yapamberi panzvimbo yavose tinogara, uye tinokweverwazve nemigariro, zvisarudzo, uye nhau zvatinozvidavira pamusoro pedu timene. Kupfurikidza nokufunda vazivi vane tsitsi uye vane tsitsi, hatikuvadziki asi tinowana zvokwadi nokuda kwendangariro zvakanaka nendangariro zvose zviri zviviri.