Osamu Tezuka, anokudzwa se “Mwari weManga,” akasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki patsika dzakakurumbira dzeJapan kupfurikidza nebasa rakawanda rinopfuura makumi amakore. Pakati pechisiko chake chinogara uye chinotapura zvikurusa ndi Mutema Jack [, nhevedzano yemankaga yakaoneka kutanga muna 1973 uye yakapfuurira kunzwika kwemakore akawanda. Iyi nhauro inotevera mabasa akavanzika, asingabvumiki anoshanda kunze kwemiganhu yemishonga inogamuchirwa nachiremba, ikanangana nechinetso chikuru chezvokurapa netsika nezvinoitika zvose zvaanosangana nazvo. Kupfuura zvikuru chinoitika chezvokurapa, [[FLT]] Jack: [FLD] yakava , yakava chiono chetsika, chinoratidzira ndangariro nzanga pamusoro poupenyu, uye muganhu woupenyu, uye muganhu pokurarama, mutsika kwavanhu.

Osamu Tezuka: Chiono Chiri Seri Kwechifukidziro

Kunzwisisa [[FLT: 0] Black [[FLT: 1], munhu anofanira kutanga kunzwisisa ndangariro yakaibata. Osama Tezuka, akaberekwa muna 1928, aiva nedhigirii rezvokurapa rakabva kuOsaka University, kunyange zvazvo pakupedzisira akasarudza manga sedanidzo yake. Iyi nzira yechienzi yezvipo nenhau yakarovedzwa nenyanzvi yenhau yenhau yakabatanidza mabasa ake nezvokwadi netsitsi. Unyanzvi hwake hwapakuvamba, kubva [[FLT:] Astro Boy ku [FLT:] ku [FLT] mibvunzo yake] [FL:]] [FF]]] [FLT] [4] [4] [a] .[FLT], yakabvunza chipotomushongerwa mukuru wezvipo, uye anotomunzverwa naanoto, apo anotopirwa zvikuru anobvunza nguva yavose.

Kutanga Kwomutemo Wokurapa

Jack Black akatanga kuoneka [[FLT:]] Weekly Shōnen Champion muna 1973, achimhanya kusvikira muna 1983 uye achibudisa 242 mapepa anotora. Muiti, anozivikanwa bedzi nezita reBlack Jack, inyanzvi inovhiya neriva rakanyanyisa nechekare. Anoshanda asina rezinesi, kazhinji kazhinji muchivande, uye anoraira mari inodhura zvikuru (panguva dzose) nokuda kwavarwere vanoona sevakafanirwa kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu ake akavanzika hana. Uku kupokanidza kurondedzera nhevedzano: munhu anoratidzika sechitonhora uye anenge achiratidza zviito zvake zvetsika. Anowana simba rapamusoro zvikuru kubva pakurovedza kwake, kunyange kurovedza mufambiro kwake, kutoita kuti ashanduke. Anenge aita chinhu chisakarurama pakati pezviito zvakashatsa. Asi haana kutsanangura chinhu chishatsa.

Kuzivikanwa Kwavatema kwaJack uye Kuzivikanwa Kwake

Rimwe ramativi anogombedzera zvikurusa nderokujeka kwakapoteredza nguva yakapfuura yeBlack Jack. Kuraflashs anozivisa mukomana anonzi Kuro’hazama uyo akapukunyuka tsaona yodokuva yekufa uye akadzorwa pamwe chete nachiremba anonzvera. Iyi nhau yamavambo yakagadzirwazve kubva padanho. Mwana anorondedzerwazve kunetseka kwake noutsvene hwoupenyu uye kuzvimirira kwake kwakakomba. Kuramba kwake kukumbanira nzvimbo yezvokurapa hakusi kungoti kupandukira bedzi; ipfungwa youzivi mukurwisana negadziriro yaanoona sebhureaustaustaus, mhindu, uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji anoitira hanya mufambiro wake kupfuura murwere. Muzvinoitika apo iye akanangana navatarisiri vezvipatarati, vanachiremba vane uori, kana kuti masangano eInishuwarenzi Clackhen haast, mabhineti anoshandisiti kuti ashandure mugariro chaiwo woutano, zvino vangagona kubatira zvino, sezvipo.

Tsika Dzokurapa Pamwoyo Wose

Chinosimudzira Black [[FLT: 1] kubva munhevedzano yakapfava yechinoitika chakaoma kusvikira kudongodziro isingachinjiki ibasa rayo risingachinji kunzvera nzvimbo dzamagwenya dzemishonga. Tezuka haina kumborega kuisa vara vake mumamiriro ezvinhu umo pasina mhinduro yakarurama. Kuvhiya kumwe nokumwe kunova chibvumirano chetsika, kunoedza kwete bedzi unyanzvi hwebasa rounyanzvi asi uyewo nheyo dzimene dzinorondedzera varapi. Tsika ina dzetsika dzapanheyo dzinoramba dziripo nhasi sedzave dzave dzakakodzera mu 1970: ruramiso yemiitiro ine ngozi, revo yebvumirano yomunhu oga, rwisano pakati petsika nemutemo wokurapa, uye ganhuriro yenzira yokurapa.

Tsika Dzezvinhu Zvinoisa Mungozi

Black Jack anoita mavhiyi anowanzoonekwa seasingabviri kana kuti asina kururama. Munhau dzakawanda, chiremba wegamuchidzanwa anoramba kuvhiya nemhaka yokuti black Jack ane bviro duku zvikuru, bedzi kuti aenderere kune nzira yenenji. Tezuka anomanikidza varavi kuti varwi varwire nokusagadzikana: Kwakarurama here kuedza kuvhiya uko kunodokuva kuchauraya murwere, kunyange kana chimwe chinhu chacho chiri rufu rwakati? Mumwe anorumbidzwa anobatanidza kuparadzanisa mapatya ane muuyo apo handa muchafa nenzira isingadzivisiki; kuita chisarudzo chinorwadza chaBlack Jack chichava chidzidzo mutsika dzinotambudza ndangariro dzinopesana noutsvene hwoupenyu. Munhu wacho haatongopi mhinduro dziri nyore, panzvimbo pezvo kupa kukura kwemirangariro yakadaro pavose vanachiremba uye mhuri dzinobatanidzwa.

Kubvuma Kwomurwere Nechiremera Chokusarudza

Musoro wemitemo unosumwa. Black Jack pane dzimwe nguva anoita kuvhiya pasina kuziviswa kwakazara, dzimwe nguva kuti adzivirire murwere pakupera mwoyo, dzimwe nguva nemhaka yokuti anodavira kuti mamiriro ezvinhu emirangariro omurwere angagona kukanganisa kunaya. Uku kurwisana kwemabhii nebioethics yazvino uno, kunoisa murwere panzvimbo yazvo. Temuka inotora chinetso chacho nenzira yakangwara: chiremba angava nezivo yakakwirira, asi anopa kodzero yokukunda kuda kwomurwe?, Black Jack anotarisana nevarwere vanoramba kurapwa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvorudzidziso kana kuti zvomunhu oga, achimanikidzira kuyananisa upenyu hwake nechibvumirano chimwe nechimwe. Iyi nhambo inokarira kurukurirano yapamhenge yapa nhevedzano pamirayiridzo yokuramba kutenda, uye ganhuriro yechiremera chezvokurapa.

Tsika Dzemunhu Oga Dzinorwisana Nomutemo

Semurapi asingabhadharwi, Black Jack aripo mumutemo wechigarire. Muitiro wake umene unoita mhosho, black Jack ndiro rinowanzova munhu bedzi anogona kuponesa upenyu. Tezuka anoshandisa iyi rwisano kunzvera kana mutemo uchishanda kana kuti pane dzimwe nguva unodzivisa. Nhevedzano dzinoratidzira vanachiremba vanoteerera mirau iri yose asi vachirega varwere vachifa nemhaka yezvokuvhiya kwesangano rehurumende, uye nenzira inoda kupesana, Black Jack anoputsa mitemo asi anodzorera upenyu. Uku kushora tsika kunodenha varavi kufunga pamusoro pedonzo rezvokurapa: kudzivirira varwere kana kuti kudzivirira ruzha? Nepo tsika dzazvino uno unoshurikidza zvakasimba kuvhiya nemhaka yeitiro dzokudzivirira, Tezuka anobvumira kutibvunza kana zvichimboitika, kana zvichitongoitwa kunze kwetsika.

Kuganhurirwa Kwokupindira Kwekurapa

Tezuka inotiyeuchidza nguva dzose kuti kunyange chiremba wokuvhiya ari mwari wechimwari haagoni kukunda rufu zvachose. Mudzimwe dzenhau dzinotambudza zvikurusa, Black Jack anofanira kubvuma kuti hakuna chitsama chounyanzvi chinogona kushandura kuvadziko, kumisa kukwegura, kana kuti jambwa. Chikamu chinoyeukwa zvikuru chinobata nomurwere anoshuva Black Jack kuita nhevedzano yehasha, pakupedzisira miitiro isina maturo yokurebesa upenyu, kumutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pomusiyano pakati pokuwedzera upenyu nokurebesatambura. Tezuka inorovedza kurapa amene inomudzidzisa kuti dzimwe nguva kubetsera kwakanakisisa kupfuudza, uchenjeri hunozadza nhevedzano yezviratidzo uye hunodzokorodza nenheyo dzokurapa idzo dzakangowana bedzi pamavambo muhurukuro huru yokurapa.

Unyanzvi Hunoshatisa Hunodzidzisa Tsika

Tezuka nyanzvi dzinopinda mumugariro wetsika chete asi mumataurire aaiita. Kurondedzera kwake nhau yetsika yepanzvimbo yakasiyana- siyana, magadzirirwo evatambi, uye kushandiswa kwounyanzvi kwokunyarara muzviono zvapashure pevhiyi. Nhevedzo iyi inomanikidza varavi kuti vagare mumifungo yechinetso chimwe nechimwe. Aiwanzoshandisa mamiriro ezvokurapa akafanana nerakamera, kuratidza chinetso chimwe chetecho kubva kumativi akawanda: murwere, mhuri, mutungamiriri wechipatara, chiremba anovhiya anokwikwikwikwidza, uye Black Jack Jack amene. Iyi nzira inomanikidza varavi kuti vagarire mirangariro inopesana, inosimbisa kunzwira tsitsi kwetsika. Kutevedzana kworuzivo rwezvokurapa, kuvhiya kwapa pasi kusingadaviriki musayenzi uye kukudza mapango echipo. Nokuda kwavana vaduku, [FLT:]

Kuchinja Kwakaita Tsika Dzakakurumbira

Chiremera cha [[FLT: 0] Chiratiko Jack [[FLT: 1] pamanga apashure hachigoni kunyanyonyorwa. Chakamutsa “manga” jiminiti yakabatanidza gare gare se [[FLT:] Manster[[FLT:][FLT]], , [[FLT]], [[FLT]]] , [[FRANT]] , [[FLT] uye [[FLT]] .FT] Inopasa paBasa rekushanda basa![FT:] asi migano yayo inopfura miganhu yayo.[FFFUF] Inovhurira , inovhurira munhostro ye-oult.[10]

Black Jack Mudzidzo Yezvokurapa

Zvichida chitendiso chinoshamisa zvikurusa kuudzame hwenhevedzano ndechokugamuchirwa kwayo mugadziriro dzapashure dzezvokurapa. MuJapan, zvikamu zvamashoko zvinobva Mutema Jack zvakashandiswa muhoro dzedzidzo dzeyunivhesiti uye zvikoro zvezvokurapa kunyandura kurukurirano dzenyanzvi, murwere, uye kuronga kwetarisiro yakakwirira. Zvikamu zvemamongi zvemabhaisikopo zvinooneka, rondedzero yetsika uye panzvimbo pezvo vadzidzi vetsika dzetsika. Nyanzvi dzave dzichinzvera kuti kuratidzirwa kwenhevedzano yebvumirano yezivo, kugoverwa kwamari, kugoverwa kwemari, uye kuguma kwetarisiro yezvoupenyu mumiitiro yezvinogadzirwa zvezvinhu zvenguva ino. [FLT] World Medicalp] Stock Flug [Flug3]

Kuchinja Kwazvino Uno uye Miganhu Mitsva

Makumi amakore pashure pemhedziso yayo, [[FLT: 0] Murakatira Jack [[FLT: 1] anorava kwete sengano dzenhambo asi sekufanofanoziva remangwana retsika rezvokurapa. Zana ramakore rechi 21 rakaunza CRISPR kurongedzwa kwemavara okugadzirwa, kunzvera kwouchenjeri, kutengesa kwechikamu, uye kupararira kwemifungo yeropa yenharo nechete yetebhurufa. Apo nhau yeBlack Jack kuvambira muna 1975 inonzvera kana kilinikidza murwere akapfuma pamusoro pomurombo, inoratidzira kurukurirano dzazvinofungwa pamusoro pekusaenzana kwoutano hwazvino. Apo ruzivo rwemichina runopa mano anopfuura omunhu, munhu anokarira kuratidzirawo kuti mishonga. [5]

Kushaya Nguva Kwebvunzurudzo Yetsika yeTezuka

Chinoita pakupedzisira Black Black basa guru rokurondedzera tsika nderokuramba kwadzo kuparidza. Tezuka haatongozviti murakati wokusasarura kwake sechiremera chetsika chakakwana; Black Jack ane udyire kazhinji kazhinji, anonyanyova noudyire, uye ari kure mundangariro. Nhambo dzake dzokuenda ku chiito chakarurama dzinoshata, kazhinji kazhinji dzinosiya kuvadziko yetsika. Uku kutendeka kunoremekedza uchenjeri hwomuravi uye kuratidzira zvokwadi yakakomba yomuitiro chaiwoiwo wokurapa: kunyange vanachiremba vakanakisisa vanoita zvikanganiso zvisingachinjiki, uye vanorarama nemiuyo. Sezvinowana nhevedzano yemabhaundichi yakaunganidzwa, mabhaisiko, kana kuti mafirimu anorarama mafirimu anochinja.

Nhaka Ipenyu Mumabhuku Nezvinopfuura

Nhaka ye Black [[FLT: 1] zvino inotambanukira kure namapeji emaga. Yakafurira kuratidzwa kwounyanzvi hwezvounyanzvi hwezvokurapa, mativi okuziva mishonga, uye kunyange mari chaiyo yemari yokuvhiya munzanga dzakapfuudzwa. Tezuka mano okufambisa nhau dzetsika dzakaita kuti dzive dzakaoma kutsika kwakaparira kuberekwa kwenhau dzinorondedzera apo misoro yezvokurapa inobatwa nounyanzvi netsitsi huru. Muzera retsika dzegutsika dzegutsika dzenzwi nenharo dzakadzikamiswa, kudzoserazve [[[FLT:]] BLAB] BLAB inopa mukana usingawanzogarira kugara mutsika dzetsika dzakanaka uye kunzwira tsitsi. Vakaramba kuva vanhu veboka ripi neripi neripi neripo kuti tizviratidze.