Nhambo yeNguva Dzose dzeMasimba makuru dzinomira seimwe yemaganhuro anoshamisa zvikurusa enhau, umo gwinyiro, kutengeswa, uye ungwaru hwehondo zvakapesana kuti zvidzokerezve umambo. Kure kubva parwisano duku, hondo dzakarwiwa munguva ino dzakasarudza miganhu youmambo hwakabuda, kukunguruswa kwemiganhu, uye ngano dzengano dzinoramba dzichinzwika mumabhuku, opera, uye zvinobudisa nhau zvazvino uno. Nyaya ino inonyura zvikuru murwisano huru, kunzvera miganhuro yezvamatongerwe enyika, mifungo yemazano, uye nhau dzavanhu idzo dzinorondedzera nguva yehondo. Tichanzvera kwete bedzi kurwisana kwakakurumbira kweRed Cliff neGuand asi ruda rwezvibvumirano uye magariro azvinogara zviri shure kweidzi.

Chigadzirwa Chematongerwe Enyika Chakasika Madzishe Ehondo Manomwe

Kuti unzwisise hondo, unofanira kutanga kunzwisisa nyongano yakabva kuidzo vakuru vehondo. Mushakabvu Han woumambo hwakatambudzwa nouori hwedare, kudzorwa kwengomwa, uye kumukira kwavagari vemo kwakapararira, zvikurukuru Jellow Turban Redung ye184 AD. Hurumende yepakati, yakaneteswa uye yanyotswa, yakarasikirwa nesimba rayo reruwa. Munzvimbo inodzorwa, vatungamiriri veruwa navakuru vakuru vehondo vakaunganidza mauto ehurumende, achishandura mamwe maruwa kuva mafifrom. Mitengo yakafanana ne [[FLT: 0] Cao, mutungamiriri ane unyanzvi namano; Rio], anorwisana namambo weruwa.[FLT]

Chakaita kuti ava varwi vave “varwi vanopesana napaduku-kuru” kwakanga kusati kuri bedzi simba ravo rehondo asi nzira dzavo huru dzinopesana kusimba. Cao Cao Cao, anowanzoratidzirwa somutongi akachenjera asi anobudirira, akaita chinjo dzezvokurima nedzokudzora kwapakati. Liu Bei akazvinyora amene somutungamiriri akanaka weConfucius aivavarira kudzorera Han. Zuva Quan, pakutanga rakaneta zvikurusa, rejiyori yakagadzirwa nekurukurirano kuti ivake nhare yokumaodzanyemba. Kufambidzana kwavo, kutengesa, uye kubatana kwechinguvana zvakagadza nzvimbo yehondo huru dzakatevera. Nokuda kwokupfupikisana zvikuru kwenguva ino, [[FLT:] Brinicat'swos paMagate matatu [FLD:1]

Hondo yaGuandu: Kukunda Kwakasimba Kupfurikidza Nokutaura Nenhema uye Kunyengera

Muna 200 AD, chiso chakabva paGuandu pakati pe Cao Cao ne Yuan Shao yakava hondo yaizosarudza kuti ndiani aidzora kuchamhembe. Yuan Shao, kubva kumhuri yakakurumbira, akarayira uto guru ravarume vanopfuura 100 000, vaKao’s. Papepa, Yuan Shao akava nebetsero iri yose: mauto akawanda, maruwa akapfuma, uye nharaunda yakasimba zvikuru. Kunyanguvezvo, chirongwa chakava muenzaniso wezviverengero zvakakwirira zvinogona kubviswa kupfurikidza nokugadzirwa.

Hondo Yaiva Neunyanzvi Uye Yaishandiswa Nevarume Vaiva Muboka Romubatanidzwa

Chikamu chokutanga chakaona Yuan Shao achiedza kumanikidza kurwisana kwakananga, kuvaka misasa yakasimbiswa uye kubhomba nzvimbo dzaCao Cao nemoto wemabhoro. Cao Cao, achiziva utera hwake hwenhamba, akava nechimiro chokuzvidzivirira, achishandisa mabasa epasi nemadziro ouchenjeri kupedza rwisano dzaYuan Shao. Kuchinja hakuna kuuya panzvimbo dzehondo asi mumitsetse yokugovera. Uto waYuan Shao wakakomba waida chitima chikuru cheroriso, zvizhinji zvacho zvakachengetwa panzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu zvinorwisana naYuchao, zvakachengetwa nachiremba mukuru wehondo anodhumbwa.

Cao Cao Cao pachake akatungamirira kurwisa kwamasimba makuru nemauto 5 000, Xu You, akanga abva mu Yuan Shao musasa pashure pegakava romunhu oga, akazivisa nzvimbo nekuvadziko yenzvimbo dzamatura dzaWachao. Kushandisa nguva yacho, Cao Cao Cao pachake akatungamirira kurwisa kwakakomba kwamasimba makuru 5 000, akafukidza mu Yuan Shao’s yunifomu. Vakavanza mifashoni ya Yuan Shao. Vakavanza mirwi yakatumwa, vakaisa mirwi, ndokuuraya chitunhangamu chapangu. [FLT: 0] Kunzvera kwakadzorwa kweHondo yeHondo yeGuand [[FLT] [FLT]] [1] kunosimbisawo njodzi inoparadza yehondo yakaparadzwa kuchamhembe, uye utongi hwehondo hunovakidzwa. Kurasikirwa nehurumende kwapambwa kwapambwa kwapambwa kwapambwa kwapanguva isati yapashure kwapa.

Hondo yeMadindi Matsvuku: Mwoto, Mhepo, uye Kuberekwa Kwenyika YechiTripartis

Hapana hondo inonyanya kudiwa kana kuti inokosha zvikuru kupfuura Hondo yeRed Cliffs muchando cha 208-209 AD. Yava kubatanidza kuchamhembe, Cao Cao Cao akatendeudzira uto rake guru ku80 000 (-historwring) asi zvichida kunenge 220 000 000, achivavarira kuputsa varwi vehondo vokumaodzanyemba [[FLT:] Sun Quan yeWou ne [[FLT:]] Lii Bei yeidi yeidi inotenderera. Nhimbei yairatidzika kuva isingadzivisiki. Vakumaodzanyemba, vakamanikidzirwa kupinda murusando, kana vakakundikana.

Kushandisa Ngarava Nechirwere Chakapararira

Mauto aCao Cao okuchamhembe, akarovedzana nehondo yehondo yehondo. Kuti adzivise chirwere chegungwa, akasunga ngarava dzake pamwe chete, achigadzira chivako chakatsiga chokufambisa. Chisarudzo ichi, nepo painzwika nyaradzo yemasoja ake, chakaparira kukuvadziko huru. Vakuru vakuru vakabatana, vaitungamirirwa naZhou Yu (Sun Quan’s metrogen) naZhuge Liang (Luu Bei’dvisor), vakaratidza moto seki. Vakagadzira chitima che “ngarava dzemoto.” [Zhoun] jull, sha netsanga dzakatakura tsanga dzakaoma, mafuta, uye pfuti dzepfuti (awindi nokuda kwemhepo yorudyi.]

Apo mhepo yokumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva pakupedzisira yakauya, murwi wezvikepe zvemoto ainzi Huang Gai akapfuudza mauto eCao Cao ane cheni. Mwoto wakaguma wapararira nokumhanya kunotyisa, kushandura Rwizi rwaYangtze kuva moto. Njodzi dzapasi pachadzo, dzakadenha misasa yokuchamhembe. Hosha, iyo yakanga yatonetesa mauto eCao Cao’, yakabatanidza ngwavaira. Uto Rakao, rinorasikirwa navazhinjisa vamauto vayo kuti vauraye, kunyura, uye hosha mumugwagwa unonaya madhaka. [[FL:] NjoulF.[FFFFFFFFFFF] [FO:1] haigoni kudzosa zvhoselve, kudzosa muganhu, kudzosera kwaSun, kuMauan Sun akadzika, uye Bean nharaunda yeChine yakapa pakupedzisira chikamu chenyika cheGwamu cheGwamu chenyika chenyika cheReast (Manji) yakazose.

Kukwikwidzana mumaodzanyemba: Nhimbe Yokurwa

Rufu rwomukuru mukuru weuto Guan Yu pasimba reSun Quan muna 219 AD rwakaputsa chibvumirano cheWu-shu chakaomarara ndokutanga imwe nhambo nokuda kweimwe rwisano huru. Liu Bei, zvino achizvishongedza amene Mambo weShu Han, akapedzwa nenhamo neshungu nokuda kwokurasikirwa nehama yake yakapika. Muna 221 AD, akatanga rwendo rwokuda kuuraya kumabvazuva kunorwisana naVu, achitungamirira uto guru rokudzikinura Jang Proving uye kutsiva Guan Yu.

Musungo Wemiti Inopisa

Nhimbe yacho yakatanga kuona Liu Bei achikunda kanoverengeka, achimanikidza mauto eWu pasi pomutungamiriri muduku Lu Hun kuti apinde zvikuru mundima yavo. Lu Xun, pasinei zvapo nokutsoropodzwa kwavakuru vakuru vake amene nokuda kwokusafamba kwake, akanzwisisa kuti mitsetse mirefu yezvipo nemhezha zvaizova zvakashata pakupedzisira. Iye akaramba kupinda muhondo yakakwirira, panzvimbo pezvo kukwevera mauto eShu nomunzvimbo yakaoma, ine sango yeYaking (zuva razvino yeYakang).

Apo uto raLiu Bei rakangopararira rakatetepa pakati pamazana emisasa mumasango kuti ripukunyuke kupisa, Lu Hun akarova. Kutanga denho yomoto yakabatana, kufanana neiyo yaiva paRed Cliffs, akaisa mwoto musango. misasa yeShu yakapiswa kusvikira kudota, uye mauto akaparadzika nokuvhunduka. Liu Bei akapukunyuka chose chose noupenyu hwake, achidzokera kuBaidican apo akarwara zvakakomba. Kukundwa kwakakomba paYaling Shu Han kwakaremara simba rehondo, achipambadza mauto akasimba nezviwanikwa izvo Zhuge Liang gare gare gare gare aizorwisa kuvakazve. Yakasimbisa uchangamire hweWau pamusoro pokuchamhembe uye tariro ipi neipi yeShuptapur kumativi omukati enyika yehondo. Kukunda kwemirangariro kudzoro.

Misombe Yakakanganwika uye Zvikanganisika Zviduku

Kupfuura hondo nhatu dzainyanya kupembererwa, zera reVarwi Vanomwe rakazadzwa nehondo dzinokosha, kunyange zvazvo dzaiwanzodzikatidzwa, dzakaumba mepu.

Bhuku Rinorwisana naDong Zhuo uye Hondo yeHulao Pass

Pamberi porukwidzo rwomukwikwidzano rwomurwi. Muna 190 AD, mudzvinyiriri Dong Zhuo akanga atora udzori hweguta guru reHan, Luyoyang, achibvisa mambo muduku uye achiisa mutungamiriri wechidhori. Mu 190 AD, mubatanidzwa wehondo dzokumabvazuva, kubatanidza Caon Thuo, na Sun Juan (Baba waHan), waumbwa kumubvisa. Hondo yokufananidzira yaHulao Passs yakava nzvimbo huru, inoratidzira zviito zvengano zvakakurumbira zvikurusa zvinoshuviwa pakati peLü nehama nhatu dzakapika muRuu, Yuan, uye Zeueat, semutambo wakakurumbira muZFocreat [Fogle], anodzorwa muGrouest, anowana kudzosera kudzoka kunzvimbo yehondo.

Kukunda kweSun Ce Southlands

Apo madzishe okuchamhembe akarwa paGuandu, mukuru mukuru muduku anonzi Sun Ce (Mukoma mukuru waSun Quan) akanga achiveza umambo mupfuma yeYangtze detal. Neboka duku rakapiwa naYuan Shu, Sun Ce zvakaronga kukurira vakuru vehondo vomunzvimbomo namadzishe akafanana naYan Baihu naLio Yao. Mibato yake yairatidzirwa nounic, shamhu yaikwezva vakuru vane unyanzvi, uye ziso rakasimba rokudzora reruwa. Sun yakaisa mavambo enzvimbo youmambo hweEastern Wu. Rufumo rwake kubva kudial anobva kuSun kuSun kuSun kuSun, asi akabvumikisa kuva nesimba rehondo rakakwana kuCali pamakore anotonga purofiti Cer.

Uzivi Hwakanaka Hunokonzera Hondo Dzevarwi

Kunzvera idzi hondo kunozivisa dzidziso dzakasiana - siana dzehondo idzo dzakapesvedzera miuyo yakawanda senhamba dzamauto. Nhambo yakaona kushandiswa kwerondedzero dzourongwa hweChina yekare, zvikurukuru idzo dze Unyanzvi hweHondo [, munzira dzemvura netsva.

  • Incetelge and Espionege: Mitambo yakadai saGuandu yakatsamira pakutsauka kwakakwirira (Iwe) uye kuparara kwetsika dzomuvengi kupfurikidza nenhepfenyuro. Cao Cao akanga ari nyanzvi yemiitiro yendangariro, kazhinji kazhinji achishandisa mabhii enhema namahederusi kuparira kusawirirana pakati pavatungamiriri vanokwikwidzana.
  • Frita seMatomu akawanda zvikuru: Kuvambira paRed Cliff kusvikira ku Yriling, denho dzomoto dzakanga dziri mativi makuru akaenzana, kuchibvumira masimba maduku, anokurumidza zvikuru kuparadza mauto makuru. Kushandiswa kwemhoteredzo yomusikirwo /w, miti yakaoma, uye mvura jecha resves syndrome renstruction reat reat reat reat remove.
  • Hondo yeLogarical: Vatungamiriri vehondo vakakurumidza kuziva kuti kufamba kwehondo mudumbu rayo. Kuraira nzira dzokufambisa, kupisa matura, nokupera kwefuma yomuvengi kwakadikanwa pakuteura ropa kwapamberi. Kuru Xun’s Fabian paYaling kunopa mukurumbira uyu usina kunanga.
  • Mifungo: Mvura yetsika yehondo yaireva kuti muvengi wezuro angagona kuva mutsigiri wanhasi. Mubatanidzwa weZuva paRed Cliffs wakanga uri roorano yesununguro yakazvarwa nechimiro chokurarama. Kuputsika kwakatevera kwakaratidza kuti mabopoka akadaro akanga asina kusimba apo zvido zvemo zvemo zvakarwisana.

Aya masangano anoshanda haasati ari chete manyoro enhau; akafundwa muzvikoro zvehondo nezvikoro zvebhizimisi zvakafanana. U.S. Army yefungidziro yehondo yekare yeChina [[[FLT: 1] inotaura kuti nhimbe dzakadaro dzakapesvedzera sei unyanzvi hwokushanda mumazera ose.

Mashoko Etsika uye Kunakidzwa Kusingaperi

Hondo dzaMadollard Masere dzakapfuura migumisiro yadzo yenhau yapakarepo kuti dzive ngano dzehwaro dzetsika dzeChina neEast Asia yose. Mabhuku echi14-acentury anonyorwa pamusoro pejoini eUmambo Hutatu akachinja idzi rwisano kuva mutambo wetsika, kukwidziridza magamba, matsotsi, uye zvisarudzo zvinosuruvarisa. Marudzi akafanana naGuan Yu akava vamwari vokuvimbika; Zhuge Liang, chiratidzo chenyanzvi dzinoshanda. Nhau dzakapfuudzira muopera, mifananidzo, nhasi, mutambo mukuru wevhidhiyo yenyika yose nefirimu. Kusafa uku kunonzi “Repliff ne“ Guand" kusingapfuurwiri kwedzidzo.

Simba renhauro yacho riri mumifananidzo yayo mikuru: Liu Bei akarurama asi akashurikidzwa, Cao Cao akachenjera asi ane tsika dzakajeka, uye Sun Quan akachenjera, uyo akafunga kuti ane masimba makuru maviri. Kurwisana kwavo kunoratidzira mibvunzo isingachinji pamusoro pokururama, utungamiriri, uye ndyiko yegwinyi. Kuwa kwoumambo hwaHan kupfurikidza neidzi hondo huru hadzisati dzichingova chinyorwa bedzi chechinjo yezvamatongerwe enyika; ienisaikoropidhia yohunhu mudzvinyiriro huru.

Zvidzidzo Zvezvamatongerwe Enyika Nezvehondo Zvinogara

Kuwa kweVarwi Vanomwe uye kubatanidzwazve kwokupedzisira mumutsara wemadzimambo eJin muna 280 AD kwakasvika pashure pamazana amakore okuparadza, kuderera kwechiverengero chavagari vemo, uye kukamukana kwegadziriro.Nhambo yacho yakaratidzira ngozi huru yokuputsika kwechiremera chapakati(a chidzidzo chokuti dzinza rimwe nerimwe reChina rakatevera rakava nomufungo.

Kubva mumurangariro wazvino uno, nhambo inopa nyevero dzakajeka pamusoro penyongano yomukati inoparira nyongano yokunze (ndudzi dzevanomadhia dzakava nesimba pamiganhu sezvo China yakazvibvisa imene yakaoma) uye kudikanwa kwenyanzvi dzine simba navakuru vakuru vadzo. Kupukunyuka kwaWa naShu kwamakumi amakore pamusoro pechinhu chiri chose kunzvimbo yakachenjera nebetsero dzapasi, kubvumikisa kuti masimba maduku aigona, kwenguva yakati, kupesana kukuru. Mactaima acho akarwisana, uye kutinhira achiri kuyeuchidza kuti hondo iri yose, ingava murwizi runokwizwa nomwoto kana kuti mitsetse yesango inopiswa, anosiya chiratidzo chikuru zvikuru kupfuura madota panyika.