Murangariro we kawaii — unowanzoshandurwa se “chitsama” — unopfuura zvikuru muitiro wetsika dzinokurumidza kubuda. Igadziriro yakadzika midzi inopesvedzera zvikuru nemirangariro inopesvedzera fashoni, mutauro, mufambiro, miitiro yezvokutengeserana, uye kunyange miitiro yenzanga muJapan yose. Chinoita kuti kawaii iwaii ibwe rakasiyana nokusasarura kwayo nechinhu chinoshanda panguva imwe chete sechishandiso chokupandukira, kurukurirano, uye simba retsika. Munhu anofanira kutarira zvikuru kupfuura mavara echinyakare nere.

Mavambo Enhau: Kubva Pakukundikana Kuenda Kumufaro

Chinoitika chazvino uno chekwaiii chinowanzobatanidzwa nemuuyo weHondo yeNyika II. Kutera kweJapan uye kupamba kwakatevera kwakaitwa namauto akabatana kwakaparira njodzi huru yezivikanwo. Gadziriro yetsika dzehondo, yakaoma yairondedzera rudzi rwacho kuva dongo. Munzvimbo yarwo, manyoro matsva etsika akaoneka — ayo akabatanidza rugare, kudzivirirwa, uye chishuvo chokusava nemhaka kwakapfava. Iyi shandudziko yakaratidzirwa mukuchinja kufananidzwa nomufananidzo wavana nevaraidzo yakanaka, kupesana kukuru neparadziro yenhema yenguva yehondo.

Kare somuma 1950, vatambi vane mifananidzo vakaita saOsamu Tezuka’s Astro Boy (Tetsuwan Atom) vakavamba kuratidzira mutoo wakapfava zvikuru, unosvikika zvikuru. Chisiko chaTezuka chikuru chemanyuko, chinokwezva chakapesvedzerwa zvikuru neFegney yapakuvamba, bva ivo vakapesvenuka nechishuvo cheJapan chepashure pehondo. Panosvika 1970, bviro yezvokutengeserana yemifananidzo yakadaro yakazivikanwa zvizere. Chisiko chaSanrio muna 1974 — chipfuro chaMoo, chisina kunzwika zvakanaka, feafini inodzorwa. Yakabata zvakanaka kwazvo. Kusafanana ney-Westerncas couces, uyo anowanzo kuvimba nounhu hwakasimba, chikwanidzoso chaKy chakabvumira mirangariro yake, kuratidzira mirangariro yake yose. [5]

Chiratidzo Chokuzvidzwa: Zvinooneka Nemaitiro

Kawaii haisi mugadzirirwo wechinhu chimwe chete asi chiratidzo chezviratidzo zvinooneka. Mumuviri, vawaii nezvinhu zvinowanzoratidzira [[FLT: 0] mativi echineotenin — misoro mikuru ine chokuita nomuviri, maziso makuru, matama akatenderera, mhino nemuromo, uye zviso zvakatenderera. Izvi, zvinoziviswa nenyanzvi yemasvomhute ne “baby schema,". Mumagadzirirwo, maruva, zvikurukuru bvuruu, bvuruu, uye maruuni, zvinodzora, nepo nepo zvinhu zvakanakisirwa sechipfu, ruva, ruva, uye maruvara rwamaruvara rwamatema.

Mutsika, kawaii inogona kubatanidza chinyorwa chakananga chenzwi (kunzwika kwakakwirira, kufema), chimiro chinoderedza mwero, uye kutamba. Chiratidzo chamaoko nokuda kwe “rugare” (chiratidzo cheV) uye kufukidza kwomuromo apo unenge uchiseka zviratidzo zvinoderedza kuvapo kwako umene, kuwiriranisa nezvinoda tsika nokuda kwemwero. Asi, sokuratidza kwakaita kunzvera kwenzanga, izvi hazvisi kungova hazvo zvisi zvokungova zvinoshanda; zvinogona kuva zvakanaka. Kupfurikidza nokugamuchira kawaiaiga, munhu anogona kuderedza kunzwika, kunzwika, kana kuti kunyange chishandiso chakananga mumigariro yenzanga apo kurwisana kwakananga kwakananga kunoitwa.

Kawaii muAnime nokumuka kwe"Moe"

Anome nemanga imotokari huru umo vawaii aesthetic vakanatswa uye vakanatswa. Zviratidzo zvakafanana naPakachu ku Polémon, mudzimu wesango wechiparera kubva [[FLT:] [FLT]] [[FLT]] . Miitiro yavo yeSacener Totoro [[FLT], uye vasikana vamashiripiya Sailor Moon [[ inhume dzamarudzi ose dzekawaiets. Zvirongwa zvavo zvinoumba mirangariro inonzwika nemirangariro yemirangariro; machchukwubby nameso anopenya zvinodzongoka zvinoitirwa kumutsa dziviriro, apo kutotototo kunzwika kwoumbika kwoukuru.

Mune otaku sub coral, kawaii yakashanduka kuva pfungwa inonyandura zvikuru ye moe (ichinzi “mo-e), shoko rinorondedzera pfungwa yokuremekedza nokudzivirira vatambi vengano. Kakawanda kacho majee anoshandisa mavara echiso, zvikanganiso zvisingashandisiki (dōjikko), mitoo yokutaura yefeline — kuwedzera mhinduro yomuoni. Uku kubatana kwemirangariro kunokwevesa zvikuru kushambadzira nokuisa mari inokwevarira zvinhu nepeta mari inopfuudza zvikuru, kunoratidzira kuti kawaiii inoshanda sei semari inoshanda zvakanaka zvikuru. Maererano nenyaya 2019 mu [FLD:].[FPFFF]

Kufunga Kwokupukunyuka Nokuporesa

Neiko nzanga ine maindasitiri makuru, inokwikwidza zvikuru, inobatira nokudisa kwazvo mirangariro yavana? Mhinduro imwe iri mumurangariro we iyashi [kufema]. Post-bubble Japan, nedzvinyiriro dzayo dzemari dzinowedzera, zvakaona kuwedzera mukudikanwa kwezvinoitika zvinonyaradza, zvinonetsa. Kawaiio inogovera utiziro hwendangariro hwapedyo — kutsiva kwakapfava kuzvinhu chaizvoizvo zvebasa rakareba, dzvinyiriro yedzidzo, uye dzvinyiriro dzenzanga dzakaoma.

Nyanzvi dzendangariro dzakacherekedza kuti kuva netapuro dzinowedzera unyanzvi hwekunatsa uye kufambiswa kwemotokari kwakaisvonaka, chinhu chinoratidzirwa mufundo inozivikanwa zvakanaka paHiroshima University. Apo vatori vakatarira mifananidzo yemhuka, kuita kwavo pamabasa anotevera anoda kuvandudzwa. Nzvero, yakashumwa ne Science Daily [, inokarakadza kuti kawaiii tinzwike zvakanaka; inorodza nguva pfupi kushanda kwavo kupfurikidza nokunyandura pfungwa dzokurera. MuJapan, kuwana uku kune revo huru. Zvimiro zvebasa zvinobvumira kuti zvishamise — kukwirira kwechibagete, chiduku chiRkikkumaskopu inoreve chitsarudzo chiduku chinobva muboka chishomanene, chinoitwa chikaro chamagetsi chinenge chajeka.

Gender, Rikuro, neBvuriko,

Ukama pakati pekwawaii nevarume nevarume hunova hwakaoma uye hunowanzopesana. Kune rumwe rutivi, kushanda kwekawaii kwave kuchienderana nekariro dzenhau dzechikadzi chakakodzera. Vakadzi vaduku zvikurukuru vanopiwa kuti vakoshese kuchena mukutaura, zvipfeko, uye tsika. “burikko” mufananidzo — mukadzi anoita nemaune semwana uye asina ruzivo kuti aratidzike seanodiwa — akashorwa zvikuru nemadzimai nokuda kwokupfuudzira munhukadzi ari pasi pake, asingatyiki. Kumanikidzwa kuwirirana nomufananidzo uyu kunogona kuganhurira kutaura kwomunhu oga uye zvivako zvedare.

Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzakafanana naSharon Kinsella dzakataura kuti kwaii inoshandawo sorudzi rwokupandukira kwakanyarara. Muma1990, vasikana veHarajuku vakatevedzera zvitayera zvetsika zvakanyanyisa — Lolita fashoni, decora, discoy — izvo zvakanyanyisa zvikuru kwazvo kuva kutarisirwa kwenzanga, kuramba namaune kunamatira mabasa egamuchidzanwa omudzimai naamai. Nokusarudza kuramba vari mumugariro wechigarire wokuva musikana, ava vakadzi vakaramba mutoro wavakuru pamipimo yavo vamene. Uyezve, 2000 yapakuvamba yakava dare ravanhu vakakurumbira [[FLT][FLT] [1] [magame], (manyorerwe akakurumbira, akakurumbira semiedzero, anooma kupfuurira kurangarira.]

Chikamu cheMascot: "Yuru-chara" uye Kuumba Japan

Hapana panooneka simba rezvokutengeserana rekawaii kupfuura muchinoitika che yuru-chara (kushambadza, kana kuti kuchekerera). Izvi zvishongo zvenharaunda zvakagadzirirwa kusimudzira guta, peturo, kana kuti chinoitika kupfurikidza nemhiko dzinofadza nedzisingadzoreki. Mambo asingapokanidzwi ndiKumamon, bere repeekd rakabva ku Kumamoto Prefecture. Nebhuroko, munhu anodiwa uye namaune kushamba, Kumamon yakaita mari inopfuudza anopfuura makore matatu.4 mumiuyo yemari yakaitwa mumakore ake mashomanene 2010 asi, seyakabva kuBran yebazi reJapan.

Yuru-chara inobatira donzo remifungo miviri. Munezvoupfumi, vanoita kushanya nemugadziri wezvinhu. Nharo, vanoita mabasa ehurumende uye vanopfavisa zviziviso zvavose. Kunyange chisikwa chinonyemwerera chinogona kubudisa mashoko akaoma pamusoro pemitero kana kuti njodzi yakagadzirira nokubudirira kupfuudza. Uku kushambadza kwakapararira kusimbisa basa rakwawaii sechishandiso chenzanga; chisikwa chinonyemwerera chinogona kubudisa mashoko akavanzika pamusoro pekudzorwa kwemitero kana kuti njodzi.

Simba Risinganyanyi Kusimba Nemagamuchidzanwa

Hurumende yeJapan yakaziva nenzira yapamutemo ukoshi hwemibatanidzwa yekawaii kupfurikidza nounyanzvi hwayo Japan. Nhano yakatsvaka kutumira kunze tsika dzakakurumbira dzeJapan — inime, manga, fashoni, zvokudya — senzira yokuwedzera nayo simba rakapfava nokunyandura upfumi. Halosi Kitty akagadzwa “mumiriri werwendo” kuChina neHong Kong, nepo Pikachu akatamba navatungamiriri venyika. Kawaiiio akava nzvimbo inopinza inopfuura nyore mutsika dzeJapan, inodzikisa vhiringidziko dzenhau nedzinosimudzira maruramiro enhau nefariro dzinokurudzira .

Munyika yose, kawaii yakapesvedzera dzimba dzefashoni dzekuMadokero (Manochino anotamba), miitiro yorunako (“iburi” kutarira kwemabhuruku), uye kunyange kuratidzira. pingi, feline-early “pussyhat” yakapfekwa paMachess mupasi rose rakaita kuti nzira yokushandisa kawaii kubudisa mashoko anotyisa. Zvisinei, kuyerera kwamarudzi ose kunokurudzirawo nharo pamusoro perevo huru yetsika nerevo yekawaii. Apo kubviswa mumashoko ayo echikaious, kawaiii anogona kuderedzwa kuva nzira yokutaura mashoko anotyisa.

Kukuvara Kwezuva Riri Rose: Kubva Pamabhokisi eBento Kusvika KuEmoji

Kupfuura zvinhu zvetsika nefashoni, kawaii anopitira muchimiro chenyika choupenyu hwezuva nezuva hweJapan. Kyaraben (mazita ezvisakiso) — mabhokisi ezvokudya zvemasikati akagadzirwa nenzira yakasiyana - siyana umo zvokudya zvinoumbwa kuti zvifanane nemapanda, Pokémon, kana kuti maruva — achishandura zvokudya zvenguva dzose kuva chiito chetarisiro neunyanzvi, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvinogoveranwa muzviteshi zvenzanga zvenzanga kusimbisa kana kuti zvisungo zvorudo. Stateryy, kubva munhambo yemisi inogadzirwa kuvanza tepi (mappeti), yakagadzirirwa nengwa zvakadaro zvokuti yakabereka mutengi mukuru wemidzi wokunzedzi wokunze. Kunyange masangano okubhangidza mari inobuda panhambo nenhambo nenhambo nenhambo nenhambo nenhambo.

Munzvimbo yemichina, kunzvera kweJapan kweemoji — mifananidzo miduku iyoyo inofananidzira — imene inobudisa kunze. shoko rechiJapan rokuti “emoji” (muti) rinoreva chaizvoizvo“ vatambi vemiitiro,” uye michina mizhinji yapakuvamba zvikurusa, zvakadai sechiso chinonyemwerera chakavharwa, meso akatendeuka, anobva mukokorodzano dzemanga nokuda kwokupa mirangariro minyoro, inochekedzesa. Nhasi yaMubatanidzwa wenyika yose weLY REP, apo vashandisi vanotenga, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanocheka, varatidziro, vanotambanudza iyi gamuchidzanwa. “Kuma anoita chiratidzo chorugare” haisingoriwo shoo yokushongedza; chishandiso chekurukurirano yakapfava icho chinochengeta tsinhirano kupfurikidza nokukumbira kana kuti iopera.

Kutsoropodza uye Kuipa Kwacho

Chiziviso chetsika chekawaii hachigoni kuva chakakwana pasina kunzvera mimvuri yacho. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzemagariro avanhu dzinonyevera kuti sekete rokuzvitutumadza rinokurudzira mugariro worucheche rwechigarire, umo vakuru vanononoka mutoro nokukura kwenzanga. Uku kunetseka pamusoro pemwero wakaderera wokuberekwa weJapan uye kuva neuwandu hwechi hikomori [ (kuzviparadzanisa) pwere dzinowana nyaradzo munyika dzinonyengetedza.

Kupfuurirazve, kupindirana kwekawaii nevatano kunovamba mumwe musiyano wegakava. “Lolita” fashoni yepasi pevhu, inoratidzirwa nerokwe dzeVictorian dzakafanana nerori nehembe dzepeturo, inokumbira namaune kutarisika kwakafanana nomwana. Nepo vanachiremba vazhinji vachiirondedzera sokurambwa kune simba rokutarira kwavanhurume, vatsoropodzi vanonongedzera kusimba risina chiyero rainogona kuratidzira nenzira yokusaziva. Mutsetse wakaisvonaka pakati pokuchengeta kusava nemhaka nokuirumbidza unoramba uri manyuko ekurukurirano inonyandura, zvikurukuru apo vateereri vokuMadokero anodudzira izvi zviratidzo pasina kurangarira kwavo mamiriro ezvinhu omumba.

Nguva Yemberi yaKawaii: Maavatari Echidhina uye Kutsemuka Kunotsigika

Sezvo chaunga cheJapan chakatarisana nokuderera kwavagari vemo nechinhu chaichoicho chemitemo, kawaii inopfuurira kuva yokushanduka. Izvozvi YouTubers (VTubins) kufanana naKizuna AII neboka rezvidhori zvinowanda Hololare zvakagadzira mativi matsva enyika yose pahwaro hwemafashoni, munhu anoitwa namapikitiki. Aya maFalganus ndichimwe chizvarwa chinotevera cheyuru-cha, chinokwanisa kuwirirana chaimo, chinorarama, uye kunyange kuva pedyo navaoni. Vanomirira muganhu mutsva umo kawaiio anobva zvizere mumuviri, unowanika semajeko emirangariro yakachena.

Muchiivo chimwe, kuziva mhoteredzo kuri kutanga kubatanidza nezvinokosha zvekawaii. Brands dziri kuedza ne “maruva asingagoni kugadziriswa” — zvidhori zvinogadzirwa nepurasitiki yegungwa radzoserwazve, kana kuti mascot ayo anosimudzira kushanya kwoushamwari. Kuchinjika kwekawaii kuri kuva nechokwadi chokuti sezvo mipimo yechikaro inochinja, chiwitsi icho chichava chidzokoro. Kuzvidzora kwacho kunokarakadza kuti kuchekererwa, kure nokuva chikanganiso chiduku, kucharamba kuri chiwiriranopfuudzira Japan kupfurikidza nokuwana chizivikiso chayo.

" Kawaii ndiro shoko rinoshandiswa zvikurusa, rinodiwa zvikurusa, uye panguva imwe cheteyo rinotuka chose chose muchiJapani chazvino uno.
— Sharon Kinsella, [[FLT: 2] Adult Manga: Culture and Sirty in Contemporary Society

Kupedzisa: Chionioni Kupfungwa Dzinounganidzwa

Kawaii haisiwo mitoo yenzanga; mutauro wokugarisana, mutoo wokugonana nawo, uye simba remari rakawanda zvikuru. Inoita kuti kushuva kwamabhirioni ezvemari kuve kwenhau nokuda kworugare, kudikanwa kwendangariro kwokuporesa, uye kurondedzerwa kwakasiana kwemabasa echirume. Nepo ichigona kuva chishandiso chokuwirirana, zvakaenzana, chishandiso chokuchinja nokubatana kwenyika yose. Kuramba kawai sechinhu chiduku chiduku kupotsa nzira chachinoratidzira nayo chiJapan chikwata chepsyche — kugadzira kwacho zvinhu, kutanga kwacho, uye kutsvaka kwacho kupfuurira chinyoro munyika ine hasha. Sezvo izvi zvinodikanwa zvomunhu zvinopfuurira, simba renyika yose zvichapfuurira kudzokera kutsika, zvose zviri zviviri kumativi ose ari kure.