Osamu Tezuka anozivikanwa zvikuru se “baba” vamagadheni, uye pesvedzero yavo pamifananidzo yeJapan haibviri kupfuudza. Achishandisa nhau dzokuvamba mitoo yokurondedzera, kuedza, uye chiono chounyanzvi, Tezuka akatanga kokorodzano zhinji dzinorondedzera aichinje nhasi. Iye akakwidziridza munhu uye anoshanda kubva muvaraidzo dzakapfava dzevana kuenda kumotokari dzinokwanisa kuongorora tsika dzisina kusiana, tsika dzesayenzi, uye kushatakwa navanhu. Pasina nhamburiko dzake dzokupayona, indasitiri yebhizimisi sezvaunoziva — kubva kumienza yadzo yayo yezve — angaratidzika nenzira yakasiana.

Makore Okukura Echiono

Kuti unzwisise simba raTezuka, unofanira kuronda upenyu hwake hwapakuvamba uye rwendo rusiri rwegamuchidzanwa urwo rwakabatanidzwa mumishonga nounyanzvi.

Upenyu Hwapakuvamba Nokumuka Kwokugadzira

Wakaberekerwa muToyonaka, Osaka, muna 1928, Osamu Tezuka akakura akakomberedzwa nemhuri yaikurudzira kudhirowa nokurondedzera nhau. Ungamuwana achinyora mifananidzo nguva dzose, kunyange mukati mamakore akashata eHondo Yenyika II, apo pepa rakanga riri shoma uye remangwana reJapan risina kuvimbwa. Kuunganidzwa kwababa vake kwamakomikicha okuMadokero uye kuzvipira kwamai vake kuTaraka Revue yakatanga kusimwa mbeu dzechinoitika nerevo. Kurangarira Walt Disney’s nguva zhinji] kwaiita kuti simba remirangariro yavana, Teka yameso anokwenetesa, nameso anonangurira. Uku kudzokorodza kwechiJapan kupfurikidza nomuitiro wetsika yetsika yokuMadokemi nemudhori yaMadokeroma zvipfeko.

Chikoro Chezvokurapa Nezviito

Nepo nyanzvi dzakawanda dzemanga dzichizvipa vamene kuunyanzvi hwokugadzira, Tezuka yakaronda dhigirii rezvokurapa paOsaka University, pakupedzisira kuva chiremba ane rezinesi. Ungashamisika chikonzero nei mudzidzi wezvokurapa akabatikana aizopedza usiku hwava usiku hwakawanda achinyora makomiki. Nokuda kwake, rovedzo mbiri dzakapa mumwe nomumwe. Rovedzo yake yezvokurapa yakaziva ngwariro yake yokungwarira kumiviri yavanhu, chirwere, uye kufa, misoro yaivapo mumabasa ake. [FLT: 0] Brow Jack , achiratidzira chiremba akashambadza akanangana kumirirwa kwoupenyu kana kuti kufa, anoramba ari mumwe wemienzaniso inoshamisa zvikurusa. Teka akabvumikisa kuti ndangariro yesayenzi ingagona kuwirirana nokugadzira zvinhu zvose, kuremekedza ruremekedzo kubva kunzanga dzose dziri munyika. Gari rinogadzirawo ramagaro ramazano ramagarorororo maviri nokuda kwebasa ramaga makuru zvikuru.

Anomuka sa‘Mwari weManga’

Pakasvika mavambo a1950, Tezuka yakanga ichichinja mashoko echiJapan panzvimbo yaanoumba. Akakurumbira mutoo wemabhaisikopo wemabhaisikopo wekugadzira — majekiseni akasiyana - siyana, kukwidziridza chitarisiko chechiso, uye chiito chinooneka nezvinopetenuka zvinoumba mafirimu. Iyi nzira yakaita kuti nhau dzake dzinzwe nokukurumidza uye dzive dzinonyata. Akaita kuti varavi vemazera ose, kuruka zvinosetsa, uye zviitiko zvendangariro zvakajeka. Sales aitswa, uye chizvarwa chitsva chenyanzvi dzemifananidzo chakavamba kuratidzira mitoo yake. Musoro we “Mwari weManga” wakava asina kungobata nemhaka yokubudisa kwake kukuru — mavhoriyamu anopfuura 700 — asi nemhaka yokuti akabatanidzazve zvibviro zvemabhaisiko. Studia nevaparidzi vaiziva kuti vaigona kugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda, uye vapfumisa varaidzo zvemiedzo yemite yemite yemite yemiteo yemiteo yezvo yezvo yeJapan.

Mabasa Okurondedzera Akaumba Muti

Tezuka’s pourfolio inopararira mumakumi amakore, asi mazita mashomanene akatanhamara nokuda kwepesvedzero yawo inogara. New Treasure Island (1947) akatengesa mazana ezviuru zvamakopi uye varavi vakakatyamadzwa nemheni yayo inovhuvhura mapeji. Princessss Kyn[[[FLT:] [[FLT:]] [[FLT:] Ribon] aiwa Kishi) akasuma rondedzero yapanyonga yemipi yemitsinga yaro yemitsinga yaroo yakaidzorosa. [FUF]

Kuchinja Zvinhu: Kubva Papeji Kuenda Kuscreen

Tezuka aida kuita kuti vanhu vaaifarira vararame kuburikidza nokufambisa mashoko, achitanga zvimwe zvinhu zvinongoripo zvinobudisa utachiona.

Hwaro HweTezuka Hunobereka

Mukutanga kwama1960, Tezuka Productations yakatanga Tezuka kuti itarisire taramendi yake inokura yemanga uye kupinda munyika inoraira yokugadzira zvinhu. Studio yakava rotari umo nyanzvi dzamashiripiti nenyanzvi dzaigona kuedza unyanzvi hwokubvisa mutengo pasina kuisa mutengo wakadzama. Kuchengeta kugadzirwa kwemashandiro, vakanatsi vaivandudza “magiramu mashoma pasekondi imwe chete ” — vachishandisa madraketi mashoma apo magiramu aitenderera neaigadzirirwa neaicherekedzo dzeka yekamera, mamiriro okunze echinyakare, uye kudhirowa kwakasimba. Iyi yakaita kuti testora nguva dzose paterevhizheni ive yakatengwa nemari, mufananidzo wemazuva ano uno unova neyamuteve inowirirana nearatiro. Teka Productions yakasumations yakasumawo muitiro wokudzora zvinhu izvo zvaioneka mumativi ose, chimwe chinhu chakava neTV.

Mukomana weAstro Nechinjo Yechishuvo Yeterevhizheni

[[FLT: 0] [[FLT: 1] [[FLT:]] TEWAN [[FT:2]]) yakaiswa paterevhizheni yeJapan muna 1963, yakaratidzira nguva inochinja yeindasitiri yose yemiitiro. Nhevedzano dzakatevera mukomana ane mirangariro yavanhu, kudzora fungira mano yakaipa, hondo, uye revo yemhuri. Audienne akabatana nemubatanidzwa wayo wechiito, mirangariro, uye tsinhiro yenzanga. [[FLT:] Astrot [[FLT: 5]] Asht . [Imierogro] yakaratidza kuti inodzorwa yaigona kuratidzira kuva muoni mukuru, kupfura, kupfumba kweTV uye kutanga maTV semuenzaniso. [5]

Kuparadzanisa Marudzi Nomutauro Wokufungidzira

Tezuka akaramba kuiswa muboka rimwe. Akatevera [[FLT: 0] Mukomana ne Kimba iWhite Moby ([[FLT]]]] Jungle Taitei[[FLT:]] [5]), imwe yenhengedzo yokutanga yeterevhizheni, iyo inoisa mashoko ewirirano yemhoteredzo nemhesano dzetsika muchakavanzika chinouya. [FLT] Doro] [FLT] [FLT] .[FLT] .[FLT.FFFLT.G.G. .M. .M. .

Nhaka Yetsika Isingaperi

Zvigunwe zveTezuka zvinooneka kwete bedzi mumitsetse yezvigunwe, asi muzvimiro zvetsika zvakafara zvikuru zvenhau dzechiJapan dzinobudisa mashoko uye muunyanzvi uhwo nyanzvi dzinodhirowa dzinoshandisa zuva nezuva munyika yose.

Kushatisa Tsika yePopy yeJapan

Pamberi peTezuka, manga yaiwanzova nechiratidzo chezvishorosoro sechiduku kana kuti chinorambwa. Kuomerera kwake pakutaura nenhamo yehondo, majini, uye rutyo runooneka kuti nhau dzine mifananidzo dzingagona kuva noukombi hwakakomba. Muvara weAstro Boy akava mufananidzo werudzi, unooneka pachinhu chiri chose kubva papapositimendi kusvika pamibato yekotsekano. Zviratidziro zvakadai se “Tezuka: Kuvhunduka kwaManga,” uko kunokwezva nyika yose, kwakasimbiswa basa rake somumiriri wetsika. Nhau yake inopesvedzera vagadziri vemitambo yevhidhiyo, vagadziri vemavhidhiyo, uye vagadziri vemafirimumabhaisipo mukati me Japan nekunze kwenzvimbo dzazvino uno. Runako rwechinyakare, basa rakazara, kukwidza kwamarudzi ose — kukwidza zvikuru kubva kumasangano etsika. Iwe unogona kusvika kunzvimbo dzamafashoni dzetsika dzinozivikanwa navose nhasi dzinosvika kunyange kunzvimbo dzetsika dzetsika dzakava dzakava dzakava dzakaita sedzedzedzedze: [F.]

Kurondedzera uye Kuvandudza Unyanzvi

Tezuka chishandiso chounyanzvi hwemabharakit yakava girama inogoverwa nokuda kwamanga navanogadzira. Akashandisa unyanzvi hwakadai semagadzirirwo emaziso akarebesa mukati mekuratidzwa kwemirangariro, anopedzisa pakati pezviono, uye zvimiro zvenzvimbo zvinoshanda kuti akarakadze kuti kumhanya nokukurumidzira. Mavara ake, kazhinji kazhinji anokwezvwa nemaziso makuru, aipa kuchinja kwakavanzika kuti vateereri vagone kurava pakarepo. Iyi nzira yakaenda mumipimo yetsika yetsika muindasitiri. Akabatanidzawo pfungwa ye “gadziriro yemiitiro yemifungo” — kudzorongetezoroose, sezvinofanira kunyorwa naM. Mutambo weFitootious - tsuni, uyo akaoneka munhoroondo yenyika yose. Iyi yakapa varavi varavi varavi vake vakawanda varavi vanopfuura vamwe.

Kufema uye Muchinjikwa

Mabasa aTezuka akabuda mukurukurirano huru pakati paMabvazuva naMadokero. Ruremekedzo rwake nokuda kwaWalt Disney rwakaumba chitendero chake mukufadza kwemifananidzo kwenyika yose, apo rudo rwake rwavaimbi vechihokiyo-e saHoukosai rwakadzikamisa manyorero ake muJapanese magamuchidzanwa ezvokunyora. Iye akabatanidza kujeka kwounyanzvi hwemitsetse kubva muinki inonyora mifananidzo nedayamusm yepepanhau reAmerica. Ichi chitsauko chakaita chitaera chairangarira zvose zviri zviviri zvitsva uye chakarovedzeka kuvanzwira kuvanzwiri vanzwi vakasiyana - siyana. Teka anobvuma pachena zvikwereti zvake zvounyanzvi, uye , basa rake amene rakafuridzirwa kuvagadziri vemifananidzo yokuMadokesasero — kubva mubhuku remifananidzo yakakurumbira kuStanley Kubrick, uyo akashuma nokuyemuranisa. Chiyereso chake chokuva chidzoso chitsva mumufananidzo chitsva chose mumugariro wokugadzira zvinhu.

Bhizimisi, Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu, uye Muchina Wemaindasitiri weAnime

Kunze kwokunyora mifananidzo, Tezuka akagadziridzazve nzira iyo shopu dzokugadzira magiramu dzinoshanda nayo uye nzira iyo zvinhu zvoungwaru zvinotarisirwa nayo.

Muenzaniso Wepombi Usina Kuganhurirwa Netapuro Yayo

Yatarisana nebhajeti duku nokuda kwe Astro Boy, Tezuka yakamutsa gadziriro yokugadzira yakatanhanhanhanha mari yakashandiswazve zvikamu zveshure, kufamba kwemiitiro yakaganhurirwa, uye yakatsamira pamifanikiso inoramba ichitaura. Iyi nzira, dzimwe nguva yakatsoropodzwa nenyanzvi dzegamuchidzanwa, yakabvumikisa kuva inokosha nokuda kwerudungwe rweterevhizheni. Yakaderedza ganhuriro rwokupinda mastudiation matsva uye yakabvumira Japan kubudisa nhizha inopfuudza pakadimbu kanooneka muAmerica. Mufananidzo iwoyo wakapfavisa zvakananga kurira kwemariro dzema 1970s nama 80, uchipa kukwira ku “purogiramu yenguva yenguva yenguva." apo vagadziri vapadzi vapa magetsi vanoramba vachigadzira zvimwe zvinhu, pfungwa dzinoshanda.

Kuwedzera Kwematura uye Kuwedzera Munyika Yose

Tezuka akanzwisisa kuti chisiko chake chakava nebviro yamarudzi ose kare kare asati ava chishamiso chenyika yose. Akataura nezvemichina yemazamu echiJapan yakaunza zvirongwa zvemaTV echiAmerica neEurope mukati mema 1960. Izvi zvapakuvamba, zvinotumidzwa uye zvakarongwa zvishoma, zvinotanga chizvarwa chevaoni vemhiri kwamakungwa. Chirongwa chemifungo yemajecha chakabetsera kutanga gare gare gare kuva chirongwa chekuparadzirwa kwemarudzi ose kwemitengo se [FLT:] PKOD [FFF].[FFF]

Kurovedza Muviri Nechizvarwa Chinotevera

Tezuka Productations yakabatira senzvimbo yokurovedza vaimbi vakawanda avo gare gare vaizova vatungamiriri veindasitiri. Vaongorori vakashanda pamabasa ake vakapinza uzivi hwake hwerondedzero netsika dzebasa, ipapo vakaparadzirwa muJapan yose kuti vawane mastudio, mafirimu akananga, uye rovedzo. Kusvika kwenzvimbo yacho yokurovedza muimba yokurovedza uye kuva nounyanzvi kwakapesvedzera masangano erovedzo aizivikanwa muindasitiri yemaindasitiri. Tezuka inosimbisa pakubata manga neaime semotokari dzokutaura mashoko anokosha akadai saHaya Mizaki naMamor Oshii, avo vakabvuma pesvedzero yavo kunyange sezvo vakavandudza zvitarwa zvavo. Murayiridzi wemazano wake akasimudzira tsika yezvokunyora mafashoni anopfuurira kusimudzira migano yenhau inopfuudza.

Chiono CheTezuka Chenguva Yemberi Chisingafi

Tezuka yokupedzisira, yakapera, yakapfuvura [[FLT: 0] Phoenix yakanzvera mamiriro ezvinhu oupenyu, rufu, uye shambidziko. Nhevedzano dzakava dimikira rokuvapo kwake amene kusingaperi. Akafa muna 1989, asi pfungwa dzake dzinopfuurira kutenderera mumativi ose eai ebvunzo. Vatambi vake, kubva kumwana werobhoti mukuru kumunhu anovhiya, akaramba ari shoo yechiratidzo chechiJapan. Manga manyuziyemu eTakaraka uye mashoo kupota nyika yose inochengeta mifananidzo yake yapakuvamba muziso ravose, nepokudzosa zvinhu zvinokwezva zvisaririra zvechienzi chaapoka. Iye anogona kunzvera nguva dzose, unyanzvi hwebhizimisi, uye mafazikero anotanga mafakero anokosha zvikuru. [Man]