Mavambo Okugadzira Zvinhu Mumasimbi

Anime isati yava chiitiko chenyika yose, muitiro wokuona marongedzero nesaizi wakava nemavambo awo mumazuva apakuvamba ebhaisikopo. Munhambo yefirimu yakanyarara, mapiona saWinsor McCay akanyora zvidimbu zvavo zvinooneka muudzame hwakananga, kuronga kufamba kumwe nokupa kuvimbisa kugadzirwa kwemvura muzvinhu zvokupedzisira. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa kwezvinonyorwa sechishandiso chetsika chapanguva yapanguva dzose muWalt Disney mumugumo we1920. Nyanzvi dzakanamira mifanikiso yadzo yadzongonyedzwa yezviono zvose kumadziro, kuronga kugadzira nhau yemifananidzo iyo vatungamiriri, vanyori, uye vagadziri vaigona kuhwirudzura nokuna pamwe chete. Uyu mutoo wokunyora mafashoni wemifananidzo wakaitwa nokukurumidza.

Mushure mehondo yeJapan, mastudio matsva emifananidzo akatarira Hollywood nokuda kwenhungamiro younyanzvi, sezvo nyika yakavambazve maindasitiri ayo okugadzira. Shoko , (), rakatorwa kubva ku "kuwedzera," rakapinda muduramazwi reJapan seshanduro yakananga yepfungwa yewname. Pakasvika nguva terevhizheni yakavamba kukurazve muma 1950, vagadziri veJapan vaiziva kuti kusangana kwemisi yevhiki nevhiki pabhati retsana yeshangu kwaizodaidza kusimba zvikuru pakuronga kwapamberi kupfuura kugadzira. Nokudaro, projectal yakanga isati yangobviswa bedzi asi yadzorwa kubatira zvinodikanwa zvakasiana nezvirevo zveterevhizheni. Kushanda kwechiJapan kwaisimbisa kushanda uye kujeka, nokujeka sechirongwa kwechipanogaro rimwe nerimwe sechipato renhungamiro yokugadzira.

Chinyongo Chokutanga uye Kuberekwa kweEkonte

Apo Astro Boy (Tetsuwan Atom) yakabhururutswa muna 1963, yakagadzira nzira yokugadzira terevhizheni yakatsungirira kwamakumi amakore. Murume ane mutoro, Osama Tezuka, akanga atova muvengi anorumbidzwa wemangwe, uye akaunza kufunga kwake kwakavakirwa panzvimbo yemifanikiso muimba. PaMushi Irvotiontion, Teka akatanga muitiro wakaoma unotsiva bhajeti yemijenya yakaganhurirwa zvikuru yemichina yemichina. Nemhaka yokuti purofilimi imwe neimwe yaida mabhaisikopo anodhura uye inopenya zvakanaka, Teka akashandisa magiramu ake kutsaura nokunyora zvinhu zvinenge zvichida kufamba zvishoma.

Kupfurikidza neekonte, mutungamiriri aigona kuronga chiono umo kufamba kwameso kwomutambi uye kupfurwa kwaichine mativi akazara kwaigona kunzwika kupfuura gumi namaviri. Mabhodhi enhau akabatira zvose zviri zviviri sepurani yenhau nemutungamiriri wendyiko. Vatungamiriri vakadzidza kukurukura chiono chavo zvakananga kupfurikidza nemifananidzo ine udzame, mashoko akanyorwa pamusoro penguva, uye kunyange zviratidzo zvemicheka. Roorano yapakuvamba yemari negadziriro yokugadzira zvinhu zvakasimbisa projekiti semwoyo wokugadzira kwechigadzirwa cheaim, uye yakakurudzirawo vatungamiriri kuti vave nyanzvi. Kusafanana nezvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvokuMadokesa okumadokero uko kunova basa chairo, muJapan mutungamiriri aiwanzoita mabhodhi, achivimbisa kuti chinangwa chokugadzira zvinhu chakaramba chiripo mukati medhineti.

Nguva Yokufara Yakanyorwa Zvidhirowa Nemaoko

Sezvo antime yakakura muma 1970 na 1980, bhajeti yemari yakawedzera uye nhauro dzakava nevavariro huru. Kuwanda kweopera yomuchadenga, kwakatungamirirwa ne Mobile Adict Gundam , yakaraira chiito chakaoma uye zviono zvehondo. Mutungamiriri Yoshiyukitoi neboka rake zvakanangidzirwa mumichina yemichina yemichina yemabhakitivha yaicherwa yainyora nzira nesimbi, ichisimbisa kujeka kwapane imwe kunyange apo zvinhu zvakawanda zvakafamba panguva imwe chete. Ekonte yakava yakanyanyisa, uye nzvimbo yemibato yakabudirira pane kupinda panzvimbo dzepamberi dzemapato. Studios akatanga kuchengetera aya mapuranga sezvirongwa zvenguva yemberi, achiziva kukosha kwokugadzirwa kwemapepa ose.

Fakitari inosimudzirwa yama 1980 na 1990 yakakwidziridzwa kurondedzerwa kwounyanzvi kurudyi rwayo. Hayao Miyazaki, zvichida aizivikanwa zvikurusa aimere auteur, aiwanzonyora mifananidzo yose yemafirimu ake asati anyora mabhii egamuchidzanwa. Mapuranga aya akanga asiri mabhuroko anokurumidza asi akanaka. Mifananidzo yemhepo inorondedzerwa, inovheneka, uye yakanyorwa. Miyazaki akambotsanangura:

" Apo ndinonyora mabhaisikopo, ndichiri kunzvera nhau yacho. Muitiro wacho ndiwo rudzi rwokufunga nepenzura. Mifananidzo inotanga, uye nhau yacho inotevera."

His boards for Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind and Princess Mononoke ran to over a thousand pages each, forming a visual manuscript from which the entire crew worked.

Munenge panguva imwe cheteyo, Mamoru Oshii akashandisa mifananidzo yake nokuda kwe GHOst muShell kubatanidza kurukurirano youzivi namakiyi ezvitayera, mabhii akavhengana namamichina. Boka rimwe nerimwe rakanga rine zviito kwete bedzi zvinonyorwa asi zvikamu zvekamera, urefu hweminda, uye kombiyuta yakaiswa panhambo nenhambo. Konte yakanga yava chirongwa chemichina, inokwanisa kuisa majekiseni emaoko, mazai emichina, uye mararamiro ai anenge asvika kare kare nguva yemitengo. Vatungamiriri vemakombiyuta vakaratidza kuti magirafiti anogona kushanda semaoreko okugadzira zvinhu, kugadzira mabhineti anogadzira zvinhu pakati pemamichina.

Mutungamiriri Somunyori Wenhau: Gamuchidzanwa Rakasiana reJapan

Rimwe ramativi anosiyanisa zvikurusa okugadzirwa kweain igamuchidzanwa ravatungamiriri vanonyora mapikicha avo vamene. MuHollywood, kudhirowa ibasa chairo rinoitwa nenyanzvi dzakazvipira dzinodudzira chiono chomutungamiriri. Zvisinei, mutungamiriri anowanzogara pasi nepenzura nepepa kuti aite ekonte, muitiro wakavamba naOsamu Tezuka uye wakaendeswa mberi nezvivheneko zvakadai seHayao Miyazaki, Hideaki Ano, Mamoru Oshii, uye Mato Shingai.

Uku kusvika kwamaoko kune revo huru nokuda kwechibereko chokupedzisira. Apo mutungamiriri anonyora rondedzero, nzvimbo imwe neimwe inotakura donzo rakananga, risina kutaurirwa. Mutungamiriri anogona kuita zvisarudzo zvenguva imwe chete pamusoro pekunyora, nguva, uye simba remirangariro asingatsamiri padudziro yedare. Iyi gamuchidzanwa rinorevawo kuti vatungamiriri vemichina yemaziso vanofanira kuva nyanzvi yemifananidzo, vanokwanisa kukurukura pfungwa dzakaoma kupfurikidza nokudhirowa voga. Ekonte anova kufutunurwa kwendangariro yomutungamiriri, uye vatambi vanodzidza kurava kwete chete zviri mukati mezvikamu asi mutauro womunhu oga. Somuuyo, vatambi muadhina havasati variwo chishandiso chokuronga asi mukoto wakananga nokuda kwokugadzira.

Kugadzira Mabhodhi Nemichina Yemagetsi Yemazuva Ano

Chinjo yemireniyumu yakaunza chiverengero chemichina yemichina yakashandura magadzirirwo emifananidzo uye kugoverwa. Software yakadai seToon Boom Stoboard Pro newwwwww shappw yakavakirwa paClip Studio Paint yakabvumira vagadziri kushanda pasero yemachira, kuwedzera makhamera, uye kutumira kunze kwechinhu chinoda kufanana. Vabetseri vemichina yemichina vaigona zvino kugadzira muchina wokunze kwemhiri kwamakumabvazuva pasina kutumira mapepa. Michina yemichina yemichina yakaitawo kuti igone kudzora shanduro yeshanduro uye kushandira pamwe chete, ichiita kuti zvikwata zvive nyore kuti zvipararire nyika dzakawanda kuti zvigare zvichiwirirana.

Pasinei zvapo neiyi shifiti, pepa harina kutongonyangarika zvizere. Vakuru vakuru vazhinji vakaremara, kubatanidza avo veStudio Ghibli naKyoto Point, vachiri kuda kunyorwa kwepenzura papepa. Basa rokuvhura nomurwi wemapepa, kunzwa murwiyo wenhau mumaoko emunhu, rinoramba riri rutivi rwemiitiro yokusika iyo simbi isingagoni kupfachuka zvizere. Naizvozvo, aichingidzira kubatana kwemichina yemazuva ano inowanzobatanidza nyika dzose: mapute epepa okutanga anoiswa mudenga, obva akwidzwa, uye ipapo anotevetevedzerwa muwi wetsika pakati pomutungamiriri, mutungamiriri, mutungamiriri, uye majekiseni. Iyi inochengeta kunzwika kworuvaradza rwemaoko apo inogadzirwa nearumwe ruwandi.

Fundo Yenhau: Kuumbwa Kwakaitwa Mabhodhi Akanyorwa Mifananidzo

Neon Genesis Evangelion: Kurarama Kwendangariro Kupfurikidza Nebhodhi

Hideaki Anno’s shoold yechiratidzo chenjiso [[FLT: 0] naNeon Genesis Evangelion yakasundira kunyora mundima yendangariro yakadzika. Nhepfenyuro dzenhambo dzomwaka yakakurumbira nokuda kwemifungo yayo inodzongonyedza yemifungo mirefu inopenya - kukurumidza, zvisaririra, makadhi emashoko, uye kunyange kunyorwa muchadenga rekamera-shake. Chikwiri chakakurumbira muchinoitika "Zvose, Dance Fact Fant to Win!," neyayo yekare yayo refu inodzorekanwa seyakare, yakarongwa neforomateji yeshi yokushivirira kuti iparadzei. Madhiro adzokero ango, ayo anongodaidzwa semapikichato. [5]

Kubviswa: Manyoro aMiyazaki Anoonekwa

Hayao Miyazaki's Akashongedzwa. Chiono chezakuvhura mhuri inowana musoro wakasiyiwa, imba yokugadzira mafirimu. Semamwe mabasa ake, Miyazaki akadhirowa mifananidzo yose, zvinonatsa 1 500, asati apedzisa. Chiono chemhuri chatanga kuvhura musoro wakasiyiwa, imba yokushambira, uye nhevedzano yebituro revhu yose yaifamba zvakananga kubva papenzura yake. Nemhaka yokuti mapuranga akatorondedzera kuvhera, kujeka, uye kunyange shongasi, vagadziri vemi vemichai vaigona kuronga basa ravo nechinzwa chiono chakafanana. Chinomea chinenge chiri chose chinenge chiri mumufananidzo wemia.

Kurwisa paTitan: Kurwisa Kuri Kunoitika Panzvimbo Iri Pachena

Attack paTitan Amime yakapa denho yechienzi: mvura, magiramu matatu edinesionioni anofamba muOmni-ingananga apo anenge achichengeta nzvimbo inowirirana. Mutungamiriri Tatsuro Ariki neboka rake vakavimba nemifananidzo ine udzame hwakanyanya yakaita semichina yemhepo. Purogiramu imwe neimwe yaibatanidza miseve inoratidzira kufambisa, kamera-kaseidzo, uye kazhinji kaduku pauriri kuti itsaure nzvimbo dzechiratidzo yezvivakwa nemirando. Araki akacherekedza kuti mapu akanga ari "a nokuda kwezviito zvechinyakaro kuti adzokere pasina kutakura, kana kuti chiono chimwe chete chingabatanidza kugadzirwa kwapanguva ino. Kugadzirwa kwenhambo nenhambo yapashure, kunoitwazve kuoneka kuoneka kuoneka kupfurikidza kuoneka kupfurikidza kupfurikidza kwezviito zvazvinototevedzerwa mberi, kunyange kuoneka kumativi anooneka kumashure.

Zita Rako: Kugara Uine Pfungwa Nokuverenga

Makoto Shinnai’s Zita Rako [KIM no newa) rakaratidzira kuti kunyora kweboka remichina yemifananidzo kwakaoma kunzwisisa neremirangariro kunogona sei kuratidzira nzvimbo dzenguva nedzemirangariro. Shinai, uyo nguva dzose akanyora magiramu ake amene, akashandisa nhevedzano yemiviri yakaoma kunzwisisa yemifananidzo yemifananidzo yemiviri yakavhengaminya nenzvimbo dzakawanda. Purogiramu imwe neimwe haisati ichingoratidzira bedzi nzvimbo asi yakaratidzirawo nguva chaiyoiyo yezuva, migariro yemhepo, uye kudzokororwa kwemirangariro yepfuti. Madeterudzo akakurumbira, namajekedzo awo pakati pechiedza nemumvuri, ainga ainzwa nenzira inokatyamadza zvikuru. Mabhaisiro emifananidzo acho aidzokero ose ari maviri aidzokerwa kupfurikidza nokubudisa chitarisiko chomunhu oga oga.

Nguva Yemberi Yokuboora Muanemine

Unyanzvi hwekunaya hwemichina iri kusunda kudhirowa kupfuura midzi yayo miviri. Maturusi chaiwo anobvumira vatungamiriri kunyora mifananidzo mumhoteredzo yakazara ne360 degree, kupinda mukati meshanduro isina kunaka yekamera dzakarongwa nokuisa nokungotarira. Gadziriro dzemichina yokugadzira dzinokwanisa kugadzira zvikarakadzo zvinovhara zvakavakirwa pamifanikiso mishomanene yenzvimbo huru, kusunungura vaimbi kuti vanangirire pamifungo inorova panzvimbo pemitsetse inodzokorokokorokorokoroka. Makore chaiwo anotogonesa mutungamiriri muTokyo kutarira bhidhingi apo mubatsiri muSouth Korea anogadziridza nguva, kurova daro pakati pemadhirodhiyo.

Chinoramba chisina kuchinja, zvisinei, ibasa repakati remifananidzo: kushandura chiono kuva zvisarudzo zvinogoveranwa, zvinopetwa. Zvingava zvakadhonzwa nepeni yebhurashi papepa reami, konte icharamba iri apo nhauro yeaima inofema yokutanga. Sezvo indasitiri inoedza neaIP- generated drafts nesuturo dzinooneka, kugadzira mutungamiriri nenyanzvi yemifananidzo zvinoramba zviri muchetura wemifananidzo inodzorwa. Kubata kwomunhu, nokusvetuka kwayo kwose uye kunyengera, hakugoni kugadzirwa zvizere.

mhedziso

Kunyora muamime kwabva paPragmatic ekonte yebhajeti yakaputirwa na 1960 studio yemichina yanhasi yemivhero yakawanda-million-dhillar. Nenzira, yakazvibvumikisa kuva inopfuura zvikuru chishandiswa chinoronga - i tsime rinogadzira apo kunyorwa, mutengeranwa, uye mirangariro zvinotanga kudzorwa mukuvapo. Nhau yeaimbedimonimoni inoratidzira nhau yemitumbi imene: kuvamba, kugadziridza, uye kutarira nokusingaperi nokuda kwenzira ine simba zvikurusa yokutaura nhau. Sezvo zvishandiso zvitsva zvinobuda, pepa nepeni repepa retsoro zvichapfuurira kutungamirira nenzira isingapanikiriki kuoneka, kuzivisa nhau, mutungamiriri wezvokuchengetedza, kudzosera kurukurirano yokupedzisira.