Chiratidzo chave chiri chinjo inowirirana nenhambo yenguva dzose. Kuvambira pamifananidzo yapakuvamba inodzima yejira kusvikira kunzvimbo yakasvibira, mifanikiso yamaoko yezana ramakore rechi20, unyanzvi hwokuunza mifananidzo kuupenyu hwakava nokuchinja kukuru zvikuru uye tsika. Kuchinja kukuru zvikurusa munhau yayo kwakaitika panguva yemireniyumu, apo kombiyuta yakagadzirwa (CGI) yakatsiva unyanzvi hwetsika hwokudhirowa senzira huru yokubudisa nayo mafirimu neterevhizheni. Iyi yakanga isiri mavambo echimbichimbichimbi asi mugumo wamakumi amakore okunzvera, masimba ezvokutengeserana anochinja, uye vateereri vaifarira. Kunzwisisa sei uye nei indasitiri yemaindasitiri yakapfuureirira nenzira inokatyamadza kwazvo.

Nguva Yakaisvonaka Yemifananidzo Yakadhindwa Nemaoko

Chiratidzo chamagamuchidzanwa, chinowanzonzi shood digitary yemaoko kana kuti chemonero, muitiro webasa umo chimiro chimwe nechimwe chokufamba chinodhindwa papepa uye gare gare kuchichinjirwa kumapeji ane mavara ecoloid nokuda kwokupenda nokutora mifananidzo. Unyanzvi hwakakura mumaoko estudioudioiats nenyanzvi dzakanatsiridza mavambo acho emifungo yayo inonzwika kupfuura makumi amakore akawanda. Walt Disney Disney yapakuvamba, yakaita se "Snownborbor" (1987), yakabatanidza nebasa rinobaya nokugadzira varaidzo itsva. Das studio yakapfunga isingachinjiki yakatungamirira kukuita mafambiro etsika akafanana neka, iyo yakabudisa uredhina yemite, "DNhionston, uye translans, "Speass, "." inosipokaidzorose, inosi yakaita se-senzirosenzirosenzi ye-chenzi ye-E.

Panzvimbo pebasa remifananidzo yegamuchidzanwa pakanga pane unyanzvi hwenyanzvi imwe neimwe. Mutungamiriri anokweva makiyi anomira, nepo vabetseri vakabudisa pakati pezvinotsvedzereka. Vapendi vemitemo, vareki, uye vapendi vose vakabetsera papurani iyo, pamaframe 24 pasekondi, yaida zviuru zvemabasa emifananidzo nokuda kwechinhu chimwe. Mufananidzo unovapo waiva noushamwari hwemarangi neoiri yeropa izvo vazhinji vanoisa pabatano paruoko rwenyanzvi nepeji. Nokuda kwehafurefu yezana ramakore, iyi yakaramba iri mupimo wendarama.

Kuchinja Kweruzivo Rwezvigadzirwa Zvenyika: Kupinda Munhambo Yemadhigirii

Makombiyuta akavamba kupinda mupombi yemifananidzo isati yagona kugadzira mafirimu ose. Muma1960 na 1970, vanzveri vakaedza mifananidzo yemifanikiso neFrame yemakiyidhi, nepo mastudio egamuchidzanwa akashandisa madhigirii ingi nependi kuti apengedze mavara. Kudzongonyedzwa chaikoiwo kwakaitika negadziriro dze 3D kombiyuta dzinogona kugadzira mabhaisikopu ezvisikopo, mabhii echinyakare, uye mifananidzo yemifananidzo yemapikito yemabhaisi. Pixar Studios, pakuvamba kamba yekombiyuta uye gare gare gare chikamu cheFilifini, zvakaratidzira kugona kuoneka kwechikwa kwechisaidzwa kwechiCGI nemupikichadenga rechipfupiyamu. (1965). Kubudirira nokutengesa mifananidzo ye "Toy Stoply" (1995)

Kumuka kweCGI ye3D Mumafirimu Ane Mativi

Mukupera kwama1990 namavambo ama 2000, fungu reCGI rinoratidzira kugadziridza nokukurumidza nzvimbo. Mabhaisikopo eMienzaniso akadenha Disney ne "Shrek" (2001), blue Sky Studios akabudisa "Ice Age" (2002), uye Pixar rakapfuurira kuchenesa basa rawo namabhaisikopo akadai se "Dating Nemo" (2003). Mabhaisikopo aya akanga asati ari zvishamiso zvebasa rebasa; akanga ari mahofisi ebhakisi akagadziridzwazve aitarisirwa kutaridzika mabhaisikopo anovhara. Michina yemichina inobvumirwa nokuda kwemibato inoyera, mitaro yemagetsi mizhinji, mibato mizhinji yakasiyana-mitengo, uye zviito zvinoshanda zvikuru izvo zvaizove zviri zvisingadhuriki mukudzokororwa kana kuti zvisha. Studio akatakura shaidzodzo dzakava midziyo yadzokoro dzamabasa makuru zvikuru.

Nei Maindasitiri Akabva Papendi Nependi

Zvinhu zvakawanda zvemari uye zvokusika zvakaungana kuti zvitsigire mifananidzo yegamuchidzanwa pamicheto. Nepo unyanzvi hwebasa rokudhirowa maoko hwaisawanzopanikirwa, bhizimisi rokuhugadzira pamwero wakava wakaoma zvikuru kururamisa.

Kushanda Zvakanaka uye Kutarisira Zvinhu

Kugadzira chinhu chinonyatsooneka nezvinogadzirwa zvinoda vashandi vakawanda venyanzvi, mastudio makuru, uye kuchengeterwa mamiriyoni emifananidzo. Mifanikiso yemadhigirii, kana kugadzirwa kwemichina yemakombiyuta nemidziyo yemagetsi yagadzirwa, inobvumira kupfakanyika kwemashandiro anenge aripo, kugadziridzwa kuri nyore, uye maraibhurari ezvokushandisa anogona kushandiswazve pamabasa. Mafashoni etsika emifananidzo yakavakwa nokuda kwefirimu imwe inogona kuchinjwazve uye kugadzirwazve, achichengetedza mwedzi yakawanda yokugadzira nguva. Kushandiswa kwemichina inofananisira chiedza chezvakasikwa uye maruvara pasina kudikanwa kwokupenda nemaoko. Panzvimbo pezvikamu zvemabhaisikopo, aya mafashoni emifananidzo echinyakareji. Studio akawanwa kuti kugadzirwa kwechidhikishina kugona kushandurwa nokukurumidza, nokudzorwa kudzorwa kupfurikidza nokuoneka zvakanaka nemifananidzo zvemitambo yemitambo yemazuva anodzose.

Kuchinja Kufarira Kunzwa uye Kutengesa Zvinhu Zvikuru

CGI payakatanga kufambidzana nokugadzira mafirimu emhando dzedandemupiyuta, vanhu vakatanga kuenzanisa kugadzirwa kwemafirimu echinyakare nechekare pane kutema zvino. Madhipatimendi okutengesa ainyanyoiswa papfungwa iyi. Firimu yekombiyuta yaigadzirwa yaigona kutengeswa seyapavhu inovhurika, nepo 2D ine zvinhu zvakanakisisa (kamwe) zvaiwanzotamburira kuita pfungwa imwe cheteyo yechinhu chitsva. Makambani anotengesa mafirimu aibvira agadzirwa pakutanga kwema 2000, akadai se "Taissei" (2002), aipfuurisa nhau iyo vateereri vakanga vangova nayo. Nepo zviitiko zvacho zvaigonawo kuiswa pazvinyorwa zvisina kusimba kana kuti madhirobhodhororo echi. Chikarometi chemikari chakaitwa chakava nechekenwa mumite mativi ebhizimisi.

Kutapura Kurondedzera Nokukwezva

Kuchinja kwemitemo hakuna kungochinja nzira dzokugadzira nadzo; kwakagadziridza kuti marudzii enhau aigona kuudzwa. Mano okuvaka mafirimu ose matatu akaisa pasi pasi apa akapa vatungamiriri udzori hukuru pakufamba kwekamera, ukuru hwenzvimbo, uye kugadzirwa kwemichina. Mafirimu akadai se "ThePregionts" (20004) akashandisa aya kuita mutauro wakanyanya kutorwa mumabhaisikopo anoshanda, nepo "Daving Nemo" yakanyudza vaoni mugungwa zvakakwana kubudisa kukura kwechadenga repasi pevhu. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kuwanda kwematomutengiswa kwematomutenzi anosimudzira musiyano wakawanda. Cartoot-swo shaod CGI, se "Claupy Nedy nekan Meball", uye kunzvera kugadzirwa kwemapine "2001, uye kugadzirwa kwemascricheki yemassssstimoni, zvinoratidzwa mumatoodharoto chenguva iyoyo, mapepa, mapepa akashapute, anenge akashaputeverwa kuoneka.

Kunyange zvakadaro, kutsoropodza kwaiitika kakawanda: kuti mafirimu makuru eCGI akatanga kuoneka zvakafanana ne(slick, shood, uye mupfungwa. Kusakwana kukuru kwemutsetse unodhonza namaoko, bvunzu raioneka rairatidza chiratidzo chakananga chomunyori wemifananidzo, rakatsiviwa nekadhi remichina. Izvi zvakaita kuti vagadziri vemifananidzo vazive kuti kusiyana kwemasvomhu kwakanga kuri padanda.

Basa Rinochinja Romuchina Wokufambisa

Basa rokugadzira zvinhu rakava nokuchinja kukuru sezvo maturusi akachinjwa. Imba yokugadzira yakanga iri zvikurukuru mugadziri wemadhiramu, akarovedzwa mumufananidzo, muviri, uye simbi. Izvozvi zvinowanzoshanda muchidhori: kufambisa chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa, chakagadzirwa, chakagadzirwa, uye chakanatswa. Unyanzvi hwakatangwa kubva pakunyora zviuru zvemasero echimwe mativi echiso kuti ashande mapurogiramu echiitiki akafanana naimo akadai seAutodek Maya kana kuti mugadziri wemaspeapu. Ikoku hakurevi kurasikirwa kupi nokupi nokupindwa kwamanyo, masangano anokosha, masangano akadai: $0]

Kuchengeta Tsika Yakatorwa Nemaoko

Pasinei zvapo nokudzorwa kweCGI, kudhonza maoko hakuna kutongonyangarika. MuMadokero, mastudio azvimiriri navanogadzira mafirimu vamarudzi ose vakachengeta murazvo. Studio Ghibli, inotungamirirwa naHayao Miyazaki, nguva dzose yakaita 2D mativi eunyanzvi nokutengeserana, zvakadai se "Deded Low" (2001, iyo yakawana Academy Award. Carto Saloon, namabhaisikopo akadai se "Chakavanzika chaKells" 209" 20), inoshandisa unyanzvi hwemaoko kuratidzira, unyanzvi hwakatanhamara nounyanzvi hwamarudzi ose.

Nhamburiko Dzedzidzo Nedzekuumba

Mubatanidzwa mukuru wemasangano zvino unoshanda kuva nechokwadi chezivo yomufananidzo wemaoko hachisati charasika. Zvikoro zvakafanana ne Gobelins School of the Image muParis uye purogiramu yemifananidzo pa Caltars zvinochengeta makosi akakomba mu 2D miraudzo yemipimo. Mitambo yeFilimu, yakadai seOttawa International Openstical Festival neAnnecy, inotsaurira mapurogiramu kuti ashande, achipemberera chimiro chipenyu panzvimbo pemiyuziyamu. Mashekero enzvimbo anokosha, kubatanidza [FLT] Family Museum [FLD [FFFF]], inochengetedza, inochengetedza mafactal, uye matective, maastrucracy, matsvact, anobvumira basa idzva idzva idzva, uye kunzvera zvisaririra zvitsva zvitsva zvakazvipfuromatwiridzwa.

Mazano Okusatsarukana: Apo Nyika Dzose Dzinokandira

Zvichida fambiro mberi inofadza zvikurusa mumiitiro yepanguva imwe cheteyo idimburirano yemitoo yemaoko nemitoo yemitauro. Panzvimbo pokuibata semisasa inopesana, nyanzvi dziri kubatanidza 2D ne 3D kugadzira maasythetics asingagoni kuita ari oga. Firimu pfupi yeDsyney "Paperman" (20202) yakashandisa proproproproprofitary inonzi Contder kubatanidza nokusarongedzeka kworuoko paCGI Geometry, kuchiguma nokuratidzira, kuratidzika kwomufananidzo uko kunoratidzika kwose kunobva mukushandura kwazvino uno uno. Sonny Picley Pieting’s "Spider-Man: muSpeder" (208) pamberi pezvipose, izvo zvinopfuutsa kuratidzira pfungwa yemitsetse inopfuuresa.

Nguva Yemberi: A, Engineeri Chaidzoidzo Dzenguva, uye Kupfuura

Chireyiso chinopfuurira kushanduka nokukurumidza, kwakaumbwa noruzivo rwokugadzirwa rungagona kuenzana nokukura kweCGI. Injini dzenguva chaiyoiyo dzokushandura seUneal Engineiting neUnity, dzakavakwa pakuvamba nokuda kwemitambo yevhidhiyo, dzinoshandiswazve nokuda kwokugadzirwa kwemafirimu neterevhizheni. Vanobvumira vatungamiriri kuona mabhaisikodhi emagetsi akazara nokukurumidza, kukanganisa kufambira mberi kwenguva refu kwokunyora nokuzarura suo renhau dzakawanda dzetsika nerokupfuudza nhau dzinopfuudza. Ungwaru,wo, hwakavamba kupesvedzera mabhaisikopo. Maturusi anogadzira mabhaisikodhi emifananidzo iri pakati pezvikamu, mabasa anoramba kudzokororwa, kana kuti kubetsera nemitengwa yemiromo yemiromo ane ndangariro yokuderedza mitoro yemibato, kunyange zvazvo vachisimudzirawo funganyo pamusoro pokudzora nokudzorwa kwemibato.

Mune izvi zvose zvokugadzira zvinhu, kukurukurirana kwemakombiyuta netsika kuchatsiviwa nokukurukurirana kwakabatana zvikuru pamusoro pebasa renyanzvi. Sezvo maturusi anova akakwirira, unyanzvi hunokosha hwokucherechedza, kunyora, uye kugadzira zvisati zvachinja. Mufananidzo unodhirowewa nemaoko unogona kupa pfungwa isina kugadzirika pakarepo, uye mufananidzo unopa kombiyuta zvokudya.

Ramangwana Rakagoveranwa Nokuda Kwetsika Mbiri

Kuchinja kubva pakudhirowa kwamadhigirii nemadhigineti kwakabva pakugadzirwa kwemichina yemafirimu, nguva yakagadziridza maindasitiri emifananidzo munyika yose, kugadziridza tsika dzemaziso, uye kuchinja mararamiro enyanzvi dzisingaverengeki. Asi nyaya yacho haisi imwe yemichina inotsiva. Michina yemichina yemaoko inotsungirira sebasa rinokosha, yakachengetwa navadzidzisi vamafirimu vanozvimirira, uye madhipatimendi anokosha anokosha. Matururo anoshandiswa nemagetsi akachinja kusvika pakugadzira mifananidzo, akabvumira mapoka maduku kuita basa rainenge yambodiwa nefekitari yenyanzvi. Mashandiro maviri ava anofambidzana zvino, uye payakanaka, anobereka zvinhu zvinonakidza izvo zvisingagoni kuwanikwa zvogaro. Sezvimo maindasi anofambira maindasi anofambira anosvika nguva chaiyo yokugadzira nokugadzira zvinhu, chokwadi chinosara nguva huru pakuonekwa kwemichina yechadenga.