Hurukuro gumi nembiri inhevedzano inokwezva yeJapan iyo yakawana kuteverwa kwakazvipira nokuda kwokuvaka kwayo nyika kwakaoma uye kurondedzera kukuru kwouzivi. Chinoitsaura kubva kune mamwe mabasa akawanda mugenre idi retsananguro huru yezvinyorwa zvetsika dzakarukwa kuva rutivi rwuri rwose rwegadziriro dzayo. Kuvambira pachimiro choumambo hwayo kusvikira kuzvinetso zvetsika zvavanhu vayo, nhevedzano inokwevera pamibatanidzwa yenhau yeEast Asia, ngano, uye uzivi kuti zvivambe nhau inorangarira zvose zviri zviviri kuva huru uye kuva munhu oga. Kusarangarira aya matura etsika hakungokudza bedzi kuonga nhau yacho asi kunozivisawo kuti inopinda sei nemibvunzo isingachinji pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvayo, kuzivikanwa, uye mugariro wenzanga.

Basa Rokugadzira Rokuongorora Nyeredzi Kumabvazuva kweAsia

Chivako chaicho cheNyika Gumi nembiri chakavakwa kubva mumifungo yechisiko chose yeEast Asia. Kusafanana nefungidziro yokuMadokero, iyo inowanzoparadzanisa nyika dzomusikirwo nedzesimba rinopfuura romusikirwo kuva nzvimbo dzakasiana, iyi nhevedzano inopa chisiko chose uko chisiko chose icho pasi pano noumwari zvakabatanidzwa zvisina kusiana. Nyika haisati iri nzvimbowo zvayo inooneka; chinhu chipenyu chinodzorwa nomurairo wokudenga uye mufambiro wetsika wavagari vayo. Iyi nyika yakadzika midzi zvikuru mumurangariro weChina weTianxia, kana kuti "Zudzoro hwose pasi pedenga," umo kutonga kwapasi kunosimbiswa nesimba rakakwirira. tendenei, Mambo wedenga, haisiri mumwari ari kure asi simba rinoshanda rinoratidzira mubudiriro kana kuti nyika dzinoparadzwa, kuberekwa kwezvikara zvikara zvitsvene, uye kusarudzwa navatongi veKirini.

Kirin amene iko amene ikokukamuranisa iyi nhevedzano yechisiko chose. Zvisikwa izvi zvengano, zvakatorwa muChinese Qilin (Sara), hazvisi bedzi nhume asi vagadziri vapenyu vesimba romutongi. Utano hwaKirin hunobatanidzwa zvakananga neperero yetsika dzamambo wazvinobatira. Kana mambo kana kuti mambokadzi akava anoshatisa kana kuti anokundikana mubasa razvo, Kirin anorwara neShidtsuō, chirwere chinopambadza chinogona bedzi kurapwa nokupfidza kwomutongi. Iyi gadziriro inochinja kudzora muchiito chezvamatongerwe enyika kupinda muchibvumirano chinoyera, achibatanidza chiremera chapamutemo nerucheno yomudzimu. Dzvimiro izvi panzvimbo zvavatongi zvakafanana neNakama naShou ihuru, sezvo zvisarudzo zvavo zvomunhu oga zvetsika zvine miuyo yetsika, zvitendero zvinoratidzira kuva nenheyo yetsika.

Kutanga Kwedenga Nebasa Romutongi

Panzvimbo pepanamato yenhevedzano yezvorudzidziso yezvamatongerwe enyika pane musi weGavhura weDeaven (28, Tenmei), dzidziso yakavamba muChina yekare kururamisa kuparadzwa kweimba yeShang ne Zhou. Chiratidzo chinoumba uyu murangariro wedivi redirefey: mutongi haagari nhaka simba kupfurikidza neropa asi akasarudzwa neKirin yakavakirwa pasimba romuzvarirwo rokunaka. Iyi inofuratira nhevedzano yenhaka yose chose chose chose, kubviswa kukuru mugamuchidzanwa renhau. Chirairo hachifaniri kupfuurira; chinofanira kugadziriswa. Nhau yaMambo Kou muUmambo hweKou inobatira senyevero. Iye anovamba somutongi anosano anodzorwa zvishoma nezvishoma, anoparira kuparadzwa kwake, Kin, Kdour, Kdhin, anoparira kuparadzwa noumambo hwake. Chiito chinodzokororwa mumugariro waManian anowana kupfurikidza nokukanganisa zvikuru.

Iyi gadziriro inoita gadziriro yezvematongerwe enyika yechienzi iyo nhevedzano inonzvera muudzame. Nemhaka yokuti vatongi vanogona kurarama kwamazana amakore nekusafa sechipoka chawo cheKirin chinogara chiri chakanaka,(vane nguva yokushandisa chinjo dzenguva refu, asiwo nguva yokuva vanodzvinyirira kana vasingadzorwi. Basa rebureaucrates navakuru vakuru, zvakatorwa munyika dzose dziri mbiri (Hourai) neumambo vamene, zvinoratidzira gadziriro yenzvero yehurumende yeChina noukoshi hwebasa rehurumende rehurumende rapamutemo. Zvitsauko zvinowanzoratidzira dzikamo yenji pakati pechiremera choumwari chomutongi negadziriro inoshanda yenyika, zvichisimbisa donzo re “mukuru mukuru mukuru wehurumende anozvininipisa anoshanda nokuvimbika asi anobatirawo nokuvimbika mudariro yechisarutsigiri.

Kunyora Ngano uye Nyika Ine Masimba Anopfuura Omuzvarirwo

Kupfuura uzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika, nhevedzano inobatanidza nhevedzano huru yezvinhu zvengano izvo zvinopa nyika uipi hwazvo noudzame hwokufananidzira. Umambo hweChinese hunobva zvikuru muzvinyorwa zvechiChina zvakadai seShan Hai Jing (Classic of Mountains and Seas) uye rondedzero dzechiJapan. Iyi, zvisikwa zvinotyisa zvinofamba - famba munyika, hazvisi zvikarawo hazvo; izvo iratidziro dzekusadzikana kwomusikirwo netsika. Umambo hune mutongi akanaka hunoona kuderera murwi, nepo umambo hwakashata hunozvibereka senzve. Ikoku kubatana zvakananga nechimiro chezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yavanhu kumwoyo womunhu, pfungwa inodzokorokotedza nheyo yeDaio, yetsika yavanhu nechisiko chakasikwa nechimiro chimwe chete.

Midzimu, vanamwari, uye vanamwari vaduku vanogara munyika, kazhinji kazhinji vachishanda savabetseri kana kuti vanyengeri. Nyosen (YHWH) naShinsen (2016). Varume navarume vasingafi vanobatira mumatare edenga (8) vakavakirwa paDooist xian (88), vanhu vakakurira rufu kupfurikidza nokurima kwomudzimu nemiitiro yemakemikari. Kuvapo kwaava vanhu kunosimbisa kusununguka kwoumwari nebviro yavanhuwo zvavo yokukunda kudarika. Zvisinei, nhevedzano inoshatisa ikoku kupfurikidza nokuratidza kuti kusafa, kupiwa kuvatongi navakuru kupfurikidza netendere, mutoro mukuru sechipo. Nokuti vanhu vakafanana naYoko, kurasikirwa noupenyu hwake hwavanhu uye kurasikirwa namavambo ake paPasipo pano kuvapo njodzi huru, kana kuchizodaidzwa nokuda kwokutsvaka kubetsera vanhu.

Mhuka Dzematsvene Nezvadzinoita Mukufananidzira

Umambo humwe nohumwe hunobatanidzwa kumhuka inoyera iyo inofananidzira chimiro chayo chikuru nejambwa. Izvozvi hazvisi zvikara zvinonyengera asi zviratidzo zvetsika zvakaiswa. Somuenzaniso, Umambo hweKei’s Kirin chisikwa chemutsa neruramisiro, chinoratidzira chikwangwani cheYoko’s chakananga kukutonga kwetsitsi asi kwakasimba. Umambo hweEn’s Kirin, Enki, uyo ari wesango neasinganzwisisiki, anoratidzira uchenjeri husingawiriraniki hwamambo wake, Shoryu. Chirati cheZuchi cheZuni chinobva kuruwa chenyeredzi (crat), nzombe, mbira, uye tsvina nejero) zvinoonekawo mumagungano anorevoko nemabasa akavanzika evatambi vakati, achibatanidza kurangarirwa kwenguva yechinyakare yechinyakare yechiya yeAsia.

Zvimwe zvisikwa zvakadai seHanjyuu (6), hafu yavanhu, hafu yemhuka, zvinobatira semifananidzo nokuda kwokuderedza nokufungira mano akaipa. Zviratidzo zvakafanana naRakushun, Hanjyuu uyo anogona kuchinja kuva rait, anotarisana ne rusaruro pasinei zvapo nouchenjeri hwavo nokutendeka. Kubata kwavo zviono zvenyika yenzanga chaidzoiwo nedzvinyiriro yavaConfucius pamibato yenzanga yakafanira, kunyange senhauro inoparira kuoma kwemabasa iwayo. Nhevedzero dzinokarakadza kuti ukoshi hunosarudzwa nomwoyo womunhu norudzi rumwe, kwete norudzi rwomunhu kana kuti kuberekwa, musoro unowirirana nemifungo yechiBuddha yokuberekwa naBuddha.

DNA Yetsika Yemasero

Vatambi vomuThe Twelve Kingdoms havasi vanhuwo zvavo vane hunhu hwakasiana; vari kufamba vanofamba vachiva netsika dzetsika nekakavadzano youzivi. Kukura kwavo vamene muitiro wokufambisa, uye kazhinji kazhinji kuwiriranisa, tsika dzinorwisana dzinotorwa muRuconfucius, Daoism, uye chiBuddha. Kusafanana nerwendo rwemhare yakananga, maazhendi avo anobatanidza kusadzidza mamiriro ezvinhu etsika newazvokwadi izvo kunyange zvakadaro zvine chokuita zvikuru nemitoro yenzanga.

Yoko Nakajima: Kubva muConfucius Filiality Kukushanda

Kushandurwa kwaYoko ndiyo shongwe huru yenhevedzano. Iye anovamba somudzidziwo zvake wechikoro chapamusoro cheJapan, akakuvadzwa nechinodikanwa chikuru nerutyo runokuvadza rwokumira kunze − atsingadziridziro yakabva mumukurumbira waConfucian woutsvene hwemhuri netsinhirano yenzanga zvinoiswa kunzvimbo ine chepfu. Kunyanyisa kwake kwokusawirirana idikanwi yokubvumirana: anozviumba amene kuva icho vamwe vanoda, achirasikirwa nechizivikanwo chake amene. Apo anoendeswa kuUmambo hweKei ndokumanikidzirwa kuva mutongi wahwose. Mufungo wokuraira vamwe, wokuva nechiremera chavanhu vamwe, kurwisana namanyoro ake etsika okuzviisa pasi navanozvidzora.

Rwendo rwake harusi pamusoro pokungodzidza bedzi kudzora umambo; rwuri pamusoro pokunangana nenyadzi dzoudzvinyiriri. Dzidziso dzomukadzi ane minondo Enki namukuru mukuru akachenjera Keiki dzinomumanikidza kuva nemurangariro wakadzikama zvikuru. Iye anofanira kubatanidza basa raConfucian kutarisira vanhu vake nedanidzo yeDaoist yokushanda mutsinhirano nohunhu hwake hwechokwadi, pasina unyanzvi hwokuzvitutuma. Mufungo we “mudzimu wakaisvonaka” (muchimbere, kōketsu) unova kutendeseka kwake kwomunhu oga uko kusati kuri kwoudyire kana kuti kuzvibereka. Munhau iyi, Yoko anoratidzira kwezva mufariro wenhau wechiChina muzivi uyo anotungamirira kupfurikidza nomuenzaniso wetsika, asi anouisa mutsigiri wetsika chazvino unomuita kuti atambure zvikuru.

Shoryu naEnki: Mudiao Sage-Monarch uye Trickster Kirin

Umambo hweEn, hunotongwa naShoryu naKirin Enki yake, hunopiwa senhau yebudiriro, asi iyo inobvisa kunaka kusingaenzaniswi. Shoryyu inyanzvi yemifungo ine mitambo, kazhinji kazhinji simbe, mufambiro. Anowanzonzvenga murairo wetsika, kubhejera, uye kutamba kworudo, kuoneka kure nemuchininoloji. Kunyange zvakadaro kutonga kwake kwakaunza rugare nebudiriro zvisina muenzaniso. Iyi mhatsa inotsanangurwa kupfurikidza neFirofizifi: Miitiro yeShoryu [[FLT: 0] yewei [[FLT:]], (51]), inooneka kure nomurume asingadi hanya kana kuti chiito. Haavimbiki. Haavimbi navakuru vake, zvinobvumira zviitiko kuti zvivero zvakajeka, uye zvinongooneka zviri pachena kuti adzore uchenjeri hukuru, uyo asingatongedzeri. Dalpt anodzora, anoto huru.

Kubatira pamwe kwake naEnki kune revo yakafanana. Enki muKirin anotiza basa rake, anodhakwa, uye anotaura zvakajeka kuna mambo wake. Uku kusabvumirana hakuzati kuri chikanganiso asi kuri madikanwa kupesana nesimba rakakwana. Mumatare egamuchidzanwa, upenzi hweKirin hunobatira sechekedzero yetsika yakanyarara; Enki anowedzera nzvero yenzwi, inoshingaira, museki wedare nechiremera chinoyera. Ukama hwavo hunosimbisa ukoshi hwokuva navanoziva chokwadi vanogona kutaura zvokwadi kusimba pasina rutyo (8) nheyo inokosheswa mumifungo yose iri miviri yeChinese neyezvematongerwe enyika, kunyange zvazvo isingawanzosviki kushanda.

Shoukei naSuzu: Vanachinda Vane Rupo uye Muranda Akakanganwika

Vaviri vevatsigiri vanogombedzera zvikurusa, Shoukei naSuzu, vanoenzanisira nhamo yokubviswa kwenzvimbo uye kubviswazve kwechakanaka kupfurikidza neLens yechiBuddha neyaConfucius. Shokei, aichimbova machinda akashatiswa eUmambo hwakawa hweHou, anoshandurwa kubva pachiratidzo chevakakwirira vanoshanda nesimba zvikuru. Chiteshi chake chinobatanidza kubvisa mupendero uri wose wezvaichimbova zita rake, zita rake, runako rwake (*) kuwana kuti ukoshi hwake somunhu hahuna kutsamira panzvimbo yenzanga. Uku ndiko kushandisirwa kwakananga kwedzidziso yechiBuddha yokuzvitutuma munhu anoshanda nesimba.

Suzu, musikana muduku weJapan uyo akaunzwa kuMaumambo Echigumi Neviri zana ramakore pamberi paYoko uye akasiiwa kuti atambure somuranda, anoratidzira kurema kukuru kwokuzviparadzanisa nechishuvo chokuzivikanwa. Makore ake akawanda okubatwa zvisina kufanira uye kudokuva asinganzwiri tsitsi anoputsa mudzimu wake. Kupora kwake, kupfurikidza nechiito chakapfava asi chikuru chokuonekwa nokukosheswa naYoko, kunosimbisa kunaka kwaConfucian [FL: 0] j [[5], (5), kana kuti kusava nohunhu (* simba rokunzwa nokuda kwomumwe uye kuita chiito netsitsi. Suzu inoratidza kuti ruponeso harubviswi mumashiripiti kana kuti simba ravanhu, asi kubva mukuumbwa kwapachokwadi, chiziviso chomunhu chapamhuro chavanhu.

Kupikiswa Kwehondo Norugare

Umambo Hune Gumi Nevaviri hahuregeredzi zvomene dzemasimba masimba ezvamatongerwe enyika, asi hunoabvisa mukati megadziriro yetsika yakatanhamara yeEast Asia. Hondo haitongokudzwi; nguva dzose kundikano ine ngwavaira yokutonga, chiratidzo chokuora kukuru kwomudzimu.

Umambo hweKei, mukutonga kwomubvundi Jokaku, hunova mugariro woutsinye wemitemo umo mitemo yakashata nezvirango zvakakomba zvinoitirwa kuchengeta nhevedzano, asi panzvimbo pezvo zvinoparira kupandukira nokupera mwoyo. Ikoku kunosiana nomutemo wokupedzisira waYoko, apo anoita gadziriro yengoni nokudzorwa. Chisarudzo chake chokukanganwira varwiwo zvavo vairwisana naye, vachiziva kuti vakamanikidzwa, chiito chine simba chaConfucius chokudzora: kuwina mwoyo yakanaka kupfurikidza nokudzora mitumbi kupfurikidza norutyo. Nhevedzano yacho inokarakadza kuti rugare runowanwa kupfurikidza norutyo runova rune simba, nepo rugare runovakirwa pakururama runogara.

Murangariro Wehondo Yakarurama Nokuvimbika

Kunyange mukati merwisano, nhevedzano inowana pembedzo pabumbiro remitemo reJapan netsika dzechiJapan, asi neziso rakakomba. Vanoita saGeneral Kantai weKei anorwisana nerwisano pakati pekuvimbika kwomunhu oga kunashe wavo akapika uye basa ravo kuzvinhu zvikuru zvoumambo. Apo mutongi anova akashata zvikuru, kupandukira kunoruramiswa? Iyi yakanga iri nhau yakakakavadzana zvikuru munhau yeChina neJapan, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji yakabatanidzwa pamusoro peMantheat : mudzvinyiriri anoramba kuva mutongi wapamutemo uye angakundwa nomumwe munhu ane maruramiro. Tsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinopa iyi kwete senhau yakapfava yesimba, asi yewirirano yetsika. Chirini chinozivisa nenzira inobudirira kuti chirevo chamakuru chavanhu vose.

Zvinoitwa Nevanhu Nevanhu Vari Munzvimbo Dzisiri Dzavo

Nhevedzano yacho inoshandisa bonderano pakati pekariro dzazvino uno dzeJapan namabasa makuru echikadzi zvikuru eUmambo Huviri kutsika dzamadzitateguru. Yoko, anobva munzanga umo vasikana kazhinji kazhinji vanokarirwa kuva vanoregwa nokugara, anowana kuti nyika itsva haisiri yesero yetsika yavakadzi musimba. Kwave kune vahosi vazhinji vanotonga muumambo hwose, uye chiremera chavo chakakwana. Ikoku hakurevi kuti Umambo Hune gumi nembiri idicletical; zvivako zvamadzitateguru zvichiri zvinoripo, asi muitiro wokusarudza kwoumwari unoita kuti kuva munhurume husakafanira simba rokutonga, nokudaro uchizvidza uturu hunokosha hwezvinhu zvipenyu.

Kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwapamberi penguva apo Suzu kwomuranda kunoratidzira masimba masimba echikadzi, asi pakupedzisira kumuka kwake sechinhu chinovimbwa chakananga kuna Yoko kunoratidzira kuti ukoshi hahuna kubatana nokukuvadziko yomuviri. Nenzira yakafanana, varume munhevedzano yacho vanoratidzwa vachibatanidza mabasa angarangarirwa kuva avakadzi mumashoko akapoteredza abhishopi: Kirin munyoro, anorera, uye anonzwira tsitsi zvikuru, uye ikoku kunoratidzirwa sesimba ravo gurusa, kwete utera. Uku kuenzana kwounhu hwechikadzi kunowirirana nokuonga kwechiDaoist nokuda kwokutera uye kunyorovera, uko kunogona kukurira kuoma, kufanana nemvura yakapfeka pasi.

Kuchinja Kwenyika Yose Kupfurikidza Nokutaura Tsika

Chinoita kuti The Twelve Kingdoms dzitsungirire sechinhu chakakurumbira ndechokuti kujekeswa kwadzo kwakadzama kwetsika kunozarura kududziro yapose pose. Kupfurikidza nokudzikira misoro yadzo zvakajeka mumagamuchidzanwa eEast Asia, hakudzivisi vokunze asi kunovakokera mumurangariro wenyika unoona vanhu sevane ukama hwetsika. Nhevedzano yacho seyakabatana. Dzinoratidza nyika umo kujekeswa kwomunhu oga kusingaparadzaniswi pamubato wenzanga, umo chisiko chinoita chimwe chinhu kutsika dzavanhu, uye umo utungamiriri huri mutoro unoyera, unotyisa wehana. Idzi, kunyange zvazvo dzakafanana netsika, dzinotaura kuitiro dzavanhu vose: kutsvaka chiziviso choutungamiriri hwetsika, uye chishuvo kunzanga iyo inongova bedzi nedzidzo.

Chivako chenhauro chaShoryu, chinofambira pakati peumambo hwakasiana namativi echitarisiko, chinoratidzira murangariro wechiBuddha wetsika dzokutsamirana, apo rubwe rumwe norumwe runoratidzira dzimwe dzose. Nhau yaYoko haina kusiiwa; yakabatana nouchenjeri hwaShoryu, kutambura kwaSuzu, uye Kantai. Pamwe chete, vanoumba kuvimbika kukuru kwechakaitika chomunhu. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa mibatanidzwa yetsika dzetsika dzechiChonistism, musikirwo wechiDoocian, tsitsi dzechiBuddha, nhaka yengano, (whedhea) muoni haangowani zvake zviri nani, asi kupinda muchisiko chose chose chine kuvimbika. Umambo hwechigumi namaviri inhau yahwo, pamusoro penhau yahwo, inopfuurira kuva yavanhu, inooneka nokuna kupfurikidza nechiono chakaisvonaka kusingatongodzokororeki.