Nyika yeaima inorondedzerwa nokugadzira kwayo zvinhu kusingakanganwiki, asi seri kwechimiro chose chinoyeukwa chiri mundangariro yomutungamiriri. Chinopfuura zvikuru maneja webasawo zvaro, mutungamiriri weanemice ndiye nzvimbo inokwevera zvinhu zvinobatanidza nhau, mashoko, kushanda, uye magadzirirwo anooneka kuva chinoitika chakabatana chemirangariro. Kuziva kushanduka kwebasa iri kubva kunhambo inonyarara yemifananidzo yeJapan kusvikira kunzvimbo inoyerera yanhasi inozivisa kuti chiono chemutungamiriri hachisi bedzi chakaumba sei chishandiso chimwe asi kurukurirano yose.

Kupinda Munzira Yomukuru Wezvinhu muNhengo Yapakuvamba yeJapan

Mavambo aAnime muma1910 akanga ari akaderera zvikuru. Mabhuku okutanga anozivikanwa akadai serakarashika Namatura Gatana (17) naJun’ichi Kuchuchi, akanga ari kuedza kuunza mifananidzo yakabatana kuupenyu. Mumakore ano okupayona, pfungwa yomutungamiriri sezvatinoziva kuti haina kumbovapo. Anamator aiwanzoshanda senyanzvi dzefilimi dzechipfupi, anobata mativi ose efirimu pfupi pachayo amene, anoshandisa mabhaisikopo, uye anotoparadzira mapepa. Mufungo webasa chairo, wakaparadzaniswa nomutungamiriri, wakanga usati wambovapo.

Muma1920 na1930, mastudio maduku akavamba kuumbwa, kazhinji kazhinji achitsamira pakutsigira kwehurumende nokuda kwemafirimu edzidzo neparadziro. Vatungamiriri vakafanana naKenzo Masaoka, uyo akatanga mafashoni echinyakare uye akarekodha ruzha kumifananidzo yeJapan ne chiChikara kuOnna non "No uye your [FLT] yakaratidzira chimiro cheYo non'un' [[FLT] [FOLT] [1] [inofamba chikwata chavanonyora mifananidzo yokupa. Chipo chokupa. Chirevo chaMasaro chaMasaro chaMasaichi aichi chitsaruso chokurondedzera panzvimbo panzvimbo pokuratidza mufambiro. Bva, kudzorwa kukuru kwechirongwa nedzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika chakaitwa neadhimoni chakaitwa nonge ari mushandisito.

Kuchinja Kwakaitika Hondo Yapera Nokumuka Kwomutungamiriri WeAuteur

Muuyo weHondo yeNyika II nokutangwa kwaToei Chipomezi muna 1956 zvakaratidzira nhambo yokuchinja. Yakaratidzirwa pashure pokugadzirwa kwegungano raDisney, Toei akatanga gadziriro yemichina yestudiadhia apo mutungamiriri akava basa rakarondedzerwa zvakajeka rokutarisira pakati pedanga. . Kuvamba Toei mavara akafanana Panda neMagic Nyoka [[FL:1] [1958] yakatungamirirwa naTaiji Yabustia, uyo akabatanidza mapoka eva pakati pevaviri, vatambi vemi vemitambo, vapfumi vemisi, uye vapfumi vemazita. Ichi chirongwa chakarongwa chakapa vatungamiriri kudzorwa kusingaenzaniswi, kunyora, uye mutambi wetsika (91)

Chinjo chaiyoiyo yakaitika muma 1960 nokupinda kwaOsamu Tezuka munyika yokuratidzira. Tezuka’s Mushi Production, yakavambwa muna 1961, yakadzongonyedza muenzaniso uripo kupfurikidza nokuchinja manga yake amene nokuda kweterevhizheni ne Astro Boy [1963]. Tezuka yaibatira somugadziri wezvinhu na decoo mutungamiriri, achitarisira boka ramabhana rainoshanda pamari yakaganhurirwa. Iye akatanga mutauro wemiitiro yakaganhurirwa yaizova yakakurumbira nokuda, yakasimbisa magiramu ane simba pamusoro pezvinofamba. Iyi nguva yakakwidzwa kubva kumutungamiriri wemuchinjiki kumumwe muchinjiki uyo aigona kuratidzira mugadziri wemiitiro. [Actives]

Pamusana peTezuka, Yasuo Otsuka akanga achinatsa girama yemitsetse yemifungo kupfurikidza nebasa rake paToei pamativi akafanana ne Horus: Mambo weZuva (1968). Kunyange zvazvo pamutemo mutungamiriri wemichina, pesvedzero yaOtsuka pakunamira, ruvara rwemavara, uye kufamba kwounhu zvakanga zvakadzika kwazvo zvokuti zvakadzika mitsetse pakati peaimator nomutungamiriri. Uku kusimbisa kukura pamunhu oga kwakadyara mbeu dzeboka rezvigadzirwa rakazara raizotumbuka mumakumi amakore anouya.

Nguva Yakaisvonaka YavaAuteur: 1970 kusvikira kuma 1990

Nguva iyi yakava nokubuda kwevatungamiriri vaiva nemazita avo oga aigona kukwezva vateereri ndokurondedzera magariro ose.

Osama Dezaki Neyeuko Dzapashure

Osamu Dezaki, apo aiwanzoshanda zvikuru murudungwe rweterevhizheni, akava akakurumbira nokuda kwokuva kwake anoshamisa uye kusimba kwendangariro. Nzira yake yokusaina, “yeuko” yakava chando neframe(aifiti) inomira kamwe kamwe nepeteni inorukwa nechiratidzo chapastel chichiri chepafiti. Yakagadzira ratidziro huru yemirangariro munhevedzano se Joe [[FLT:] yaMorrow] [1970] na Rose of Ververy [FLT] [12] [79]). Dezaki yakaratidzira kuti mutambiki aigona sei kukwidziridza paundiro yevhiki yose kuva mifananidzo yakakwirira, vatungamiriri vambi veKukukokokokoko-Mor.

Yoshiyuki Tomino uye Enisaikoro Yakaoma Kunzwisisa

Basa raYoshiyuki Tomino pa [FLT: 0] Admin Gundam franchise yakatangazve kutsanangura kuti chii chikagona kutevedzerwa. Kupfuudzira kupfuura nhau dzenhau dzakanaka dzinokuvadza, Tomino akatanga rwisano dzetsika, kurangana kukuru kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Nyaya yake yairondedzera yaimanikidza mutungamiriri kuita senyanzvi yehondo nemuongorori wemifananidzo. Gundam yakabudirira, yakanyorwa zvakakwana pa [[FLT:] dare rehurumende raGundam, uye , yakasimbisa pfungwa iyoyo yomutungamiriri wezvouzivi hwevoruzhinji yaigona kuita seari mukurumbira.

Hayao Miyazaki uye Auteur Sesangano

Hapana kurukurirano yavatungamiriri veaimaye inogona kufuratira Hayao Miyazaki. Co akavamba Studio Ghibli muna 1985, Miyazaki akakwanidzira mutoo wokutungamirira kwaaihwirudzura nokururamisa zviuru zvemifanikiso mikuru, nenzira inobudirira kukungumira mativi ose nokuda kwake. Mafirimu ake, kubva Muvakidzani Wake Totoro [1988] Akanamirwa Kunze[ (2001], anokurumbira nokuda kwemisoro yavo yemhoteredzo, mapikigrain, uye anoyemura makomo anoshamisa chiono chapachena. Miyaki, mumuitiro wakazara [FLT:][FLT]FFFFF]

Mamoru Oshii Nezvidzidzo

Mukupesana, Mamoru Oshii akaveza nzvimbo yebhaisikopo rouzivi, rinononozeka namabasa akafanana na Angel’Egg[[FL:1] (1985) uye Gast mu Shell[[[FLT]] [1955]. Nhevedzo yaOshii inoisa mhepo yakapoteredza, kupfuradzisa, uye kurukurirano yakadzika pamusoro pechiito chetsika. Akaratidza kuti mutungamiriri weaimai anogona kushanda seasingachinjiki, achishandisa ziso rekamera, rinenge rinenge rinenge risinodenha dzidzo. Chikudzo chamarudzi ose [FLD:] mutep: FT]

Chishandiso Chomutungamiriri Wazvino Uno: Mabasa Okugadzira Nounyanzvi

Muzana remakore rechi21, basa romutungamiriri rakawedzera kuva muitiro wemunhu mumwe nomumwe asi unotyisa zvikuru. Paterevhizheni inotevedzana, mutungamiriri (kana kuti kanco) ndiye ane mutoro wekuona zvinhu zvakanyanyisa, nepo vatungamiriri venhau vachibata magirazi emunhu oga. Iyi dare rinorayira kuti mutungamiriri wedare rinotevedzana arambe achichengeta mamiriro ezviitiko akawanda achichinja - chinja maererano nesimba revagadziri vakasiyana - siyana nevanyori. Mutungamiriri anogadzira fix, kana kuti ekonte, inobatira sepurani yezvigadzirwa zvose.

Mutungamiriri wezvirango zvechinyamututa wemazuva ano anofanira kurayira kuti zvinyatsonzwisiswa nezvemirayiridzo yakawanda.

  • Vatungamiriri vaAtheminali kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti mienzaniso yevatambi inoramba iri paforoma nepo ichibvumira rusununguko rwokutaura muzviono zvikuru.
  • Vatungamiriri vemapikicha kuti vatange chimiro chokuona kupfurikidza nemifananidzo yenhau dzakaitika kare namanyoro eruvara, muitiro zvino unowanzova wemichina asi wakavakirwa murondedzero yegamuchidzanwa.
  • Sound Direader kubudisa vatambi venzwi, kusarudza tapuro dzenzwi, uye kushanda navaimbi vakadai seYoko Kanno kana kuti Hiroyuki Sawano kurukira nziyo mujira renhauro.
  • Mamitengi namaCompositor[[FL:1] kutarisira miuyo yemichina, chiedza, uye kufamba kwemakamera zvinotevedzera unyanzvi hwokurarama nekuita, munda waputika nokugamuchirwa kwepurogiramu ye 3D.

Kupfuura utariri hwezvounyanzvi, vatungamiriri ndivo vachengeti vechibvumirano chemasangano. Pamabasa akafanana ne Attack paTitan, vatungamiriri Tetsurō Araki (mwaka 1-3) na Yuichiro Hayashi (mwaka wegore) vanofanira kudzikamisa chiito chikuru chakarongwa nechinoitika chapedyo, vachivimbisa kuti shoko renhevedzano inorwisana nehondo harina kutongorasika pakati pechiono. Ichi chiito chakadzikama ndirimwe ramabasa anoisvonaka zvikurusa: kuchengeta chikumbiro chebhizimisi apo aikudza mamiriro ezvinhu enhau.

Simba Rinochinja Simba: Ukama Nemugadziri Wezvinhu

Munhau, ukama pakati pavatungamiriri navagadziri hwave huri muganhu pakati pounyanzvi nokutengeserana. Mukati mekuwanda kwemari yeOVA yema 1980 na 1990, bhajeti yorupo nemisika yenzvimbo yakabvumira vatungamiriri rusununguko rusina muenzaniso. Rudzi rwechairwo rwevideo rwaireva kuganhurirwa kushomanene kwekunzvera, kuchigonesa vagadziri saYoshiaki Kawajiri kumabasa oupengo, stalzeted yakadai se Hard City [[FLT: 1] (1987) nedzongonyedzo duku.

Nhasi, mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru. Nevakawanda veantimes vanotsigirwa nemari nematare okubudisa zvinhu `-consocularia yevaparidzi, vashambadzi, uye makambani okutengesa) mutungamiriri anowanzopindura kuvatambi vazhinji. Kuchinja kukuru kwakafanana Jujutsu Kaissen[[FLT:] Jot] anoona mutungamiriri Sunghook Park achiumba basa rokurwa rechinyakare, asi anofanira kuwiriranisa zvisarudzo zvake zvokusika nemagadzirirwo ezvidhina. Kukwira kwemapuraneti seNetflix naCurchyroll kwakazivisazve mumwe musara: zvino zvino varangiridziro yenyika yose zvino vanorangarira kariro nescimeast. Vamwe vatungamiriri veminzvisarudzo vanouya kuzogamuchira iyi sygy; Matotosmatos. [FFF]

Kuchinja Kwezve Kwetsika Nenhungamiro Zvezera Romukova

Kutama kubva pasel kuenda kumifananidzo yemadhigineti mukutanga kwama 2000 kwakachinja zvinoshamisa kushanda kwemutungamiriri. Zviratidzo zvakaumbwa nezvidhina zvakapa vatungamiriri zvishandiso zvokugadzira kamera zvakaoma kutadza kugadzira nechemo. Hideaki Anno’s Evangelion: 3.0 +1.0 THRICE PANKAR. [2021]

Kumhanya kwakapfupikisawo daro riri pakati pomusiki navateereri munzira dzose dziri mbiri dzakanaka nedzinodenha. Vatungamiriri vanogona zvino kuwana revo nokukurumidza kuva vatsigiri munyika yose, asi dzvinyiriro yokuchengeta rudungwe rwokubudisira nokukurumidza inogona kudzvinyirira ruvara. Studios sa MAPPA yazova inozivikanwa nokuda kwokupa basa rinoorora zvikuru mumiromo yakadzika mirengwa, vatungamiriri kazhinji kazhinji vanopinda mukururamisa nhevedzano yomunhu oga. Basa revakuru nhasi rakafanana zvikuru nerokudzora njodzi nesimba rendangariro sezvari pamusoro peaesthetics.

Pakati pezvinoitika zvinofadza zvikurusa chiverengero chinowedzera chavatungamiriri vasiri vaJapan vanoshanda muindasitiri yeainfe. Vanasiki vakafanana naSunghoo Park (South Korea) uye Shingo Natsume zvikwata zvamarudzi ose zvinobatira pamwe zvinoratidzira nguva yemberi yakadzorwa nyika yose umo chiono chomutungamiriri chinogura miganhu. Iyi miitiro, yakaongororwa muindasi pa Anime News Network[, inokarakadza kuti chizvarwa chinotevera chavatungamiriri chichava chetsika, chichava chirerutsi, uye nyanzvi yokufambisa mitoo inoparadzirwa.

Mitemo Inogara: Satoshi Kon uye Zvinogona Kuitwa Zvisingagutsi

Nhamba ipi neipi yenhau ingava isina kukwana pasina kubvuma Satoshi Kon, ane basa pfupi asi rinopisa rakachinja izvo mutungamiriri weane angagona kuita mundangariro. Kupfurikidza namabasa akafanana [[FLT: 0]] Runako rweBlue (1997) uye [[FLT:]] MINUNUNY] [[]] [Miltinum] [Micress] [2] (2001]], Kon yakadzika miganhurira miganhuro pakati pechokwadi, yeyeuko, uye basa. Kuchinja kwake kubuda (ma) mumufananidzo chaiwoimo napa. [[4] Chiratiso chakakurumbira kunze kwevanzi, kubatanidza Darren Aronfsky muday 2010, asi nzira yake yokusvika muruzivo rukuru, kupfurikidza nokunzvera kupfuurira kunzvera kupfurikidza nokupfuudza.[F]

Mupedzi: Mutungamiriri Somweya waAnime

Kubva kuvagadziri vezvikamu zvisingazivikanwi zvemifungo yakanyarara kusvikira kunyika yose vanozivikanwa, vatungamiriri vakachinja zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kumavambo kusvikira kunzvimbo yokutanga yokugadzira. Ndivo vanoshandura manyoro kuva mararamire, kufema nyika. (Vanoronga apo vanomira pamifungo inochetura, apo vanotanga kunyarara, uye apo kunyarara kunoreva kuti inopfuura kurukurirano ipi neipi. Kushanduka kwebasa romutungamiriri kunoratidzira rwendo rwebasa rake amene kubva kuchinhu chokuda kuziva zvetsika chenyika yose. Sezvinoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runochinja pakati pezvinobudisa nhau, mutungamiriri anonzwa nemirangariro zvomuzvarirwo. Nguva yemberi ichagara nhaka yezviito zvechiono zvine simba iro risingarondedzerwi nezvinoratidzirwa nezvinoshandiswa namaoko.