Mupumburu Wemichinjikwa

Anime isati yava chiitiko chenyika yose chine siginicha dzinooneka nokukurumidza, meso anonyanyotsvedzemuka, vhudzi rinoshatisisa, kuita kwemirangariro kwakanyanyisa “‘ vasiki vokutanga vakatarira kupfuura miganhu yeJapan nokuda kwenhungamiro younyanzvi. Pakati pepesvedzero hurusa pachaizova mavambo etsika eaimace wakanga uri mativi akaisvonaka akagadzirwa naWalt Disney Studios. Mumakumi amakore anotevera Hondo Yenyika II, mafirimu aDicney haana kungofadza bedzi vateereri veJapan asi akanyandurawo fungidziro yechizvarwa chitsva chenhau itsva yakatsunga kubudisa nhau dzenhau dzokuMadokero nemitoo yetsika dzeJapan. Kuisira ropa kwokuwedzera kwapambukiranwa kwaidzo, sangano, uye kuumba kwezvirongwa zvehondo zvapakuvamba zvinooneka nhasi.

Chinoita kuti iyi pesvedzero ive inoshamisa kwazvo inguva yayo. Japan munhambo yapashure pehondo yakanga iri rudzi rwakanangana nokukundwa, basa, uye kuvakwazve kwezivikanwo yakakurumbira yetsika. Tsika yakakurumbira yeAmerica yakapinda munyika kupfurikidza nechivako chehondo, zvibvumirano zvezvokutengeserana, uye nzira dzokuparadzira mashoko. Pakati petapistorapiyuta dzinotapura zvikurusa dzakanga dziri mabhaisikopo eDisey, ayo akasvika necherekedzo yecherekedzo yemiitiro iyo vateereri veJapan vakanga vasati vatongoona mukuwirirana nemifananidzo. Chinoitika chacho chakanga chisati chiri nhauwo zvayo yepesvedzero yezvokugadzirwa kwezvinhu nemifananidzo yezviono izvo pakupedzisira zvaizoparira chinhu chitsva chose chose.

Kusvika Kwezvakaitika Nezvakaitika MuJapan

Japan’s Disney FANY yakavamba nokushingaira pashure pomugumo webasa muna 1952, kunyange zvazvo kumwe kuongorora kwapamberi pehondo kwakaitika muma1930. White naPeven Dwarfs [ [1937]) yakasvika muJapann nzvimbo dzemitambo [195] (1937], yakasvika panguva apo rudzi rwakanga rwavakwazve uye rwaifarira zvikuru tsika dzakakurumbira [[FLT] [[11]] [5] (42] [5]) (1942) muna 1951 na [[FLT] Fantasias] mumia mativi otooke, anowedzera, [Foctive, , , , , , , , [Fok][10]

Nokuda kwavanyori vemifananidzo vakura vakaita se Osamu Tezuka, avo vakaona [[FLT: 0] White [ yakawanda uye vanonzi vakaona Babambi [] vanopfuura kamakumi masere, ruzivo rwakanga rusina chinhu chaipfuura kumuka. Tezuka gare gare aizoyeuka kuti kutarira [[FLT:]] [FLT] kwakamusunda kuchema nguva imwe neimwe, kwete nemhaka yenhau asi nemhaka yetsitsi dzounyanzvi hukuru. Mafirimu airwo airatidzira kuti kuratidzira kunzwira tsitsi kukuru, kugona kunyandura mirangariro mizhinji, uye kutakura kukwakwa kunobva munyika yose. Uku kuzivikanwa kwakachinja chizvarwa nokuda kwechiJapan chakava nenyanzvi dzemifananidzo dzakakura nokuda kwe [Ftmanyuk]

Rubudiriro rwamarudzi ose rwakasimbisawo budiriro yezvokutengeserana kwemifanikiso. Mastudio eJapan, akawanda achiri kubudisa mashoko namafirimu edzidzo mapfupi, akacherechedza. Pfungwa yokuti chinhu chinofadza chaigona kudzora ruremekedzo rumwe cheterwo nenzvimbo yebhokisi sechiito chipenyu chakanyandura fungu redavidzo. Pakuzosvika kuma1950, Toei Potice yakavambwa nevavariro yakajeka yokuva “Disney yeEast,” basa raizofambisa zvakananga zvinopesvedzera zveDsyly nesangano muindasitiri yeJapan. Kambani yacho yakaisa zvikuru muzvigadzirwa zvokubudisa, rovedzo, uye kuparadzira michina yemichina yakaitwa pashure pegadziriro yeDisney. Gasbooky yekurukurirano yokugadzira mifananidzo yakanga yaiswa mudariro.

Kunokosha kucherekedza kuti Japan yakanga isiri bedzi mugamuchiri akaremara wepesvedzero yaDisney. Nyika yacho yakanga ine magamuchidzanwa ayo amene akapfuma enhau yokurondedzera, kubva pamifananidzo yomupumburu wenhambo yeHeian kusvikira kumisika yemitambo yenhambo yeEdo. Yakapiwa yakanga iri mashoko ounyanzvi okupinza magamuchidzanwa iwayo muzera razvino uno rezvokubudisa nhau. Varevereri vaisarudza mune zvavaikwereta, vachichinja unyanzvi hwokuMadokero kuti vawirirane netsika dzavo nezvokwadi dzepfuma.

Kuparadzira Kwapashure Pehondo

Nguva yokusvika kwaDiseney muJapan yakanga isiri tsaona. Pashure pehondo. Pashure pehondo, hurumende yeAmerica yakasimudzira nokushingaira kuparadzirwa kwamafirimu eAmerica muJapan sorutivi rwenhamburiko huru yokukurukurirana kwetsika. Mafirimu eDsyney akaonekwa seakanaka, aisava ezvamatongerwe enyika angagona kubetsera kuvakazve nzanga dzetsika dzeJapan nepo yaiparirawo mari nokuda kwegadziriro yenzvimbo yenzvimbo yemipiyuta yeAmerica inotamburira. Vanhu veJapan vakabatanidza aya namafirimu nechido, uye nepakati-1950, vaFracney vakanga vava mazita emhuri mumisha yakadai seTokyo, Osaka, neKyotoshito. Uku kufutunurwa kwakapararira kwakaparira chizvarwa chavana veJapan avo vakakura nomutauro wechinyakare weAmerica, kuvaita vateereri vakakwana, uye mafashoni matsva.

Osamu Tezuka: Aprintice Yakachinja Vakati

Hapana mufananidzo uri nani unoenzanisira batano yeDisney-amanee kupfuura Osamu Tezuka, nyanzvi yemifananidzo ine zvakawanda inowanzonzi Mwari weManga. Tezuka kuzvipira kwaDisney kwakanga kuri zvose zviri zviviri munhu oga uye nyanzvi. Iye aiwanzorondedzera Walt Disney somudzidzisi wake mukurusa, kunyange zvazvo vaviri vacho vakanga vasina kutongobatira pamwe nenzira yapamutemo. [[FLD] akasangana paIndaneti ya1964] paNew York’s Fair, apo Teka pakupedzisira akasangana nechidhori chake, chaifananidzira kupfuudzwa kwezhezi. Teka yakanga yatotopfuudzirwa nepakati pezvidzidzo zvemukati uye yakanga iri mumuitiro yokuzviJapan. Musangano waipedza bedzi maminiti mashoma.

Tezuka yapakuvamba yemagetsi akafanana na New Treasure Citsuwa chePrecity (1947) uye Mambo Leo (50) akabatanidza disney-esque sems: mientiro yemisoro yakatenderera, meso makuru, uye mapombi akakurukura kunzwika nechimiro. Chiono chakanga chiri pachena. Apo akachinjira kumifananidzo yeterevhizheni na [[FLTLT: 4.] Asro Boy (5]) (5)) (5)) mipimo yokutanga yevhiki nevhiki inova nenhengedzero yeTV inovara shairira kuratidzira. Astron, meso aipenyawo akangonyenyenyenyetedza; vaingovhurira vai vaiwo zvavo kuti vatye, kana kuti vasarutsirirwe, kana kuti vasarutsirirwe nokuda kwezvitsaidzo dzinoteveridzo dzinoteverwa.

Bva Tezuka haana kungokopa zvake Disney. Iye akabatanidza nheyo dzemiitiro dzeHollywood nechimiro chemaginet yenhau yake inochinja zvikuru, achigadzira mutauro wemifungo unomhanya zvikuru. Uko rutivi rweDisney rungagara panzvimbo yakasvibira, Astro Boy akashandisa kucheka kwokukurumidza uye kufamba kwokufambisa kuti atsive bhajeti yemari yakakomba. Tezuko yakabvumikisa kuti chirongwa chetsika chaDindeyney chaigona kupukunyuka, kunyange mugadziriro itsva yeTV yeJapan. Basa rake rakaisa nheyo yemitoo yakaganhurirwa yaizorondedzera gare gare gare kudzora kudzorwa kwepfungwa apo aichengeta ndangariro yendangariro iyo Disney.

Unyanzvi hwaTezuka huri mumano ake okutaura nhau yemirangariro yeRegill Disney kuva chimiro chisingadhuri zvikuru. Akanzwisisa kuti vaoni vaigona kuzadza mikaha yemaziso nefungidziro dzavo, nheyo yaakakwereta mukurava kwemanga.Izvozvi zvakamubvumira kuita zvinoitika panhambo duku dzebhajeti raDisey pasina kuisa pesvedzero. Muuyo wakanga uri mutoo uyo wairangarira zvose zviri zviviri kuva zvakarovedzeka uye zvitsva zvikuru, uchigadzira nzira yokuputika kweainde muma 1960 nama 1970.

MaAya Echinematic Amical

Kupfuura terevhizheni, Tezuka yakarondawo mifananidzo yorurefu. Ibhaisikopo rake ra 1962 [[FLT:] [1] `FLT] . rakaratidza pesvedzero yakajeka yeDisney mumiitiro yayo yemabhaisikodhi nenziyo. Nenzira yakakurumbira, [FLT][FLT]][65] yakarangarirwa sechiratidzo asi yakabudiswa senhevedzano yeterevhizheni nemhaka yemibato yemari. Filimu yemhuka, nameso ayo makuru nezviso zvinotutuma, zvakanga zvakaratidzirwa zvakananga paBambi naThumper. Kimba rwendo rwapambwa kubva kurukuwana rwamambo [FTTFTY:] [FFF] Makumi amakore akati-5]

Anime Studios Apakuvamba Anogamuchira Disney Formula

Tebuka’s Mushi Production akanga asiri oga mukukwereta kubva kuMadokero. Muna 1958, Toei Fieting akabudiswa Tale yeNyoka White [[FLT:]] Hakujaden [[[FLT]]), mubatanidzwa weJapan wemifananidzo ine ruvara rwemifananidzo. Chirongwa chacho chakanga chiri mhinduro yakananga kukukunda kwomufananidzo weNyo. Vaimbi vakadzidza mapepa etsika, kushandiswa kwenziyo dzerososcoscoping, uye kubatanidzwa kwenziyo mumikoto. Mubatanidzwa wacho wakanga uri muchimiro chakaisvonaka chechiChina (8) asi wakafanana nefini inoratidzirwa, mabhiinyonyo, maza echinyakare, mabhii echinzirozime, maSkiana, mabhineti anenge anoton, maSkinyonyo aiita , nea yejesiti, kunyange zvazvo zvikwane, kunyange zvechi Shiki, kunyange kuti kuti chiS.

Chido chaToei chakatambanudzwa kupfuura firimu rimwe. Studio yakatanga purogiramu yokurovedza mumba kuti idzidzise unyanzvi hweDisney, kupfurikidza nemifananidzo uye kupfurikidza netsamba dzakananga neveAmerica. Vakaisawo makamera akawanda, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu Disney rwakanga rwatanga kugadzira zvakadzama kufanana nenhevedzano yemiti mu Babambi . Rutivi rwechipiri, Magic Boy [[FLT:]] [1959]), rwakanatsiridzazve iyi nzira, inobatanidza zviito zvakaratidza chivimbo chinokura mukubatanidza madhirowiti echiJapania.

Tezuka pachayo basa rorutivi rwakareba, Kimba maziso eWhite Lion (1965), yakaratidza mhuri yemhuka dzinoda kudzorwa zvikuru ne Babambi[[FLT]]. Shumba duku yeshumba Kimba yakanga ine meso makuru, ane tsitsi nechimiro chinosetsa chezvisikwa zvomusango. Mitezo inodzorwa yenhau dzemhoteredzo nedzoutungamiriri, yakawanda senhau dzemhuka dzakaitwa, asi dzakanatswa kupfurikidza nechiito chaMajapania kuchisiko nechimiro choupenyu chapanyika. Zvirati [FLT] Pring [5]

Kubatana kweToei-Disney

Ukama hwaToei naDiseney hwakanga husati huchingovawo zvahwo hwekutevedzera. Studio yakatsvaka nokushingaira kuzvisiyanisa kupfurikidza nokusimbisa kujeka kwetsika kwenhau dzayo. Nepo Tale yeNyoka White ingaratidzika seDisney mumie, kukwikwidza, nziyo, uye itiro hanya dzamajere. Iyi muganhu pakati pokuziva zviri pachena nezvokwadi yetsika yakava chiratidzo chapakuvamba cheaimare uye yakabetsera kubudirira kwose kuri kuviri kwomukati nokunzeve. Kubudirira kwaMajeei kwakaratidzawo kuti maJapan aigona kukwikwikwidzana naDSpey pamashoko awo amene, kugadzira kuratidzira kworunako rwaigona kumira pamwe chete nedzero dzeAmerica.

Mapazi Anoita Kuti Pave Nounhu

Kunzwisisa kuti shongwe idzi dzakanyatsobatana sei netsika mbiri dzacho ndezokuti, uye kuti vaJapan vaidzigadzira sei kuti dzivepo kuti dziite zvinhu zvadzo.

Chaikuru, Motive Meso.[FL: 1] Vaongorori vakakurumbira vakakudza meso evatambi vavo kuti vawedzere batano yemirangariro. Kutarira kwounyoro kwaSnow White, kutarira kwaPinocchio, uye kupenya kwaBambi kusingakanganisi kwaidzidzisa vatambi vamashiripiti kuti maziso agona kutakura basa rose. Tezuka yakabata paiyi nzwisiso ndokuisundirazve, kupa meso ake angagona kupenya, zvakanaka nemisodziro, kana kuti kudzima nokutsunga. Vamwe vatungamiriri vaAnim vakatevera sutus, vachisimbisa “ziso re-desiture" sechipfupitiro chetsika nokuda kwouchokwadi nokushata. Kutaura kwechiJapan [FLD [FFF] [FT] [FT]

Fluid Movement nePrinciples of Epience. Mitemo yeChinetso yeChiyevedzo [, yakasimbiswa naOllie Johnston naFrank Thomas, yakagovera jira. Kufamba-famba, kutevera, uye chiito chakapfupikisana chakapa vatambi souremu nomwero. Pakuvamba masututumu, akaganhurirwa nebhajeti, aisagona kupedza nguva dzose nheyo idzi panzvimbo yakazara, asi akatora uzivi. Kunyange muzviono zvinooneka, vatambi vanonangidzira, vanofamba, vanofamba, vanokurumidza kurira, kurova, kusimbisa mutambo wemirangariro, kuseka, kana kuti kuseka. Kushandiswa kwapamutemo kwemari kwavose kwaidzoronge yakabvumira mamiriro ezvinhu ezve ezvomari.

Kushandiswa kwemavara. Discney’s Technicolor transformation progations muma1930, uye vatambi veJapan vakakurumidza kushandisa nheyo dzayo. Kuvamba kwechiNgezi, zvikurukuru mafirimu aibudiswa naToei, akashandisa mifanikiso yemavara yaisimbisa musiano wemirangariro. Mitinhimira inodziyano yakaperekedza zviono zvomufarwa nechengeteko, nepo zvinotonhorera bhuruu nevhuruva zvine chiratidzo chengozi kana kuti kuoma. Iyi fashoni, yakatorwa zvakananga kubva muDyneybook, yakasimbisa kurova kwemirangariro yenhau. Munguva yakapfuura, magungano emavara echiJapan akakudzidzwa.

Kuchinja Kwezvemari Netsika

Nepo shoo yakazara yaDisey yaida bhajeti hurusa namakore okugadzirwa, terevhizheni yeJapan yakavhiya mari yeshangu nokuranga. Chinodikanwa chokubatanidza kubvumirana kwemipimo yokubereka kwakagadziridzwazve dzinza raivapo. Mitemo yakaganhurirwa remagiramu (kushandisa mafiremu mashoma pasekondi imwe, kudzokorora mifanikiso yekare, uye kutsamira pakamera inoorora kufambisa mifananidzo inodzikamiswa kuti ipedze nhambo yevhiki nevhiki apo ichiri kupa tsinhirano. Muuyo wakanga usati uri kushatamisa asi chinjo: aimee yakatanhamara nokupfuradza kwoukodza kwomuviri, manzwi, mukati, uye kuputika kwekufambisa.

Mutsika, vasiki vaaimae vakabatanidzwa nokunaka kwezviono nenhau dzakavakirwa mungano dzeJapan, tsika dzechiSamurai, uye uzivi hwechiBuddha. Uko Disney yakaguma nemhedziso dzinofadza, pakuvamba kazhinji kazhinji yakagamuchira mhedziso dzinovava nemhinamupinyi. Tezuka ya [FLT:] Astro Boy, somuenzaniso, yakatarisanazve nemisoro yetsarudzo, chibayiro, uye rudzi rwavanhu. Muvara wacho ungadzokorodzawodza ushamwari hweMikkey Mouse, asi kukwidzadzadza ukuru hweforo yemaviti yokumabvazuva neWestreast. Uku kukwidzana uku: Somuenzaniso, kufadza kwainozivikanwa nazvinowirirana.

Kushandiswa kwameso makuru, anoorora kwakavawo nerevo itsva yetsika. Mune mativi umo zviso zvinopa rwisano huru yomukati, ziso rakawedzerwa rakava hwindo mumweya wevatambi. Majee eJapan, ayo anokosha munhau anonyengera uye pasi pezvisarudzo, akawana nzira yokuratidzira nayo kuti itsvetei nomumativi akakatutsirwa. Mutauro uyu ungarondedzera mirangariro yeaime kwamakumi amakore. Meso ari muaine haana kungova makuru; , anokwanisa kushandura kubva kumufaro kusvika kurusurusuruvara. Mutauro uyu unovara wakananga zvakananga kubva pakusvika kwaDneyney asi wakava chinhu chakanatswa zvikuru mumaoko echiJapan.

Mutambo Webhajeti Unobatsira Kugadzirisa

Mitemo yemari yezviratidzo zveterevhizheni yeJapan yakanga yakakomba. Nepo Disney akapedza mamirioni amadhora namakore ebasa pachinhu chimwe, Tezuka yakabudisa Astro Boy zvinoitika nokuda kwe1/100 yendyiko yemari inotengwa paminiti imwe. Uku kupesana kwaimanikidzira vaJapan kupinza maingidziro. Vakakudziridza unyanzvi hwakafanana ne “gadziriro yeback ,"(* kufambisa mafambiro echinyakare) muzviitiko (* uye “mashandiro emifananidzo yakatemwarororo" aishandisa mishoma pasekondi imwe. Unyanzvi, hwakaberekwa nechisarudzo chezvisarudzo zvechinyakarefu, zviso zvinoratidzira, uye makhamera anoshamisa kubva muzvinoitika zvemari yeJapan.

Kugara Nenhaka Nokuberekwa Kwechinokwezva

Disney yepesvedzero paayimime yapakuvamba haina kupera sezvo svinurira; yakashanduka kuva tsika yakafara yenhau yendangariro nengano dzinopfuurira kunyandura vasiki. Hayao Miyazaki weStudio Ghibli akadudza articles sepesvedzero dzouhwana, kunyange sezvo akakudziridza chitarisiko chakaisvonaka, chepurazi. Muvara wokungwarira mumabhaisikopo se Muvaki Wangu Toro (1988) adzokororazve basa rokungwarira reDisney’s Leace Old Men, kunyange zvazvo mutauro wemifananidzo wazova wechiJapani. Miyaki anosvika kuratidzira mativi ake, rudo rwake, uye kusimbisa chikwereti chake chapamhinei.

Nhaka inoshandawo mukuchinja: Vagadziri vemaSayenzi vazvino uno vakabvuma pesvedzero yebasa ravo vamene. Chiito chacho chinotevera mu [[FLT: 0] Atlantis: Umambo hwakarasika (2001] uye magadzirirwo e [[FLT:]] Big 6 [[FLT]][[FULT]]]] [[FULT]]] [5] [20] [20]] (inozivisa nhino yemauneivhuro kukokorodzano, kupfiga chikanganiso chezana chezana rezana rezana. [[FT]]][2007]] ANTIM.[FLT][FLT]] [FFFFFFY]]

Chakatanga kuva chinhu chitsva. Pakuvamba hakuna kungotevedzera bedzi muenzaniso waDissey; chakakubatanidza nedayamus, kabuki, uye uzivi hwenhau dzeJapan kurondedzera. Muuyo wakanga uri mutauro wemaziso akanzwa kuvaraidzi venyika yose asi wakatakura madenderedzwa etsika. Meso makuru nemvura izvo zvakamboratidzirwa kubatwa kwaDisney zvakava, kupfurikidza neosmosis neficie, zviratidzo zveame. Vagadziri venhau nhasi, kubva kuMakoto Shincaian Cainer, vamages vaiedete namagencesssssssss. [FFLLDF] Slayer, [FFFoleaner]

Kuratidzirwa Kwazvino Uno Kwenhaka

Contemporary aime inopfuurira kuratidzira nhaka yayo yeDisney munzira dzamano-mano. Mavara e Emplered Let (2001) anoratidza chikwereti chakajeka kuratidziro dzemirangariro yengano dzeDisney nemhuka. Kuuya kwenhau dzemafirimu akadai [FLT:]] Kutevera iwe [[FLT:] (2011]) kutevera kurovanya kwapanosvika pengano dzeMifaro, yakakwana nenziyo dzediscrecty nerective. Kunyange zviito zvinoteverwa zvisaidzo zvakafanana ne [FLT] [FLT] [FLT] kana kuti sync] systromes , synet syncromes , , kunyange `Zvene , zvinotaura mirangariro yematooserome , inotoose , inotodzoka seya .

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kuronda urwu dzinza, Toei website yePoginth yewhience inopa rondedzero dzenhau dzekare pamativi apakuvamba estudio. Mukuwedzera, Toshoa yaHara pesvedzero yemienzaniso yemifungo yemifungo yemifungo [ inogovera mashoko edzidzo nokuda kwetsinhando pakati peJapan neUnited States mukati nhambo yehondo. Izvi zviwiro zvinojekedzo zvinojeka sei nokuda kwekufambisa kufamba kwetsika.

mhedziso

Mafirimu echidhinaric Disney akashanda sechinhu chesendikesi nejecha rekaresa reaim . Kubva pamarobhoti akafara eTouka kutumareyi shoreti, mafashoni akatengwa kubva kuCalifornia akachinjwa kuva chimwe chinhu chitsva pasi pemaoko eJapan. Uku kuberekeswa kwemuchetura kwakapa mirangariro yawo yemifungo inova nesimba gurusa. Kunzwisisa dzinza iri kunokudza kunzwisisa kwedu kukura kwokuvakwa kwemiteveri yemifananidzo inodzokoroka sei apo vasiki vanogoverana rudo rwokufambisa. Makombo anoramba aripo semashoko omuzasi munhau, asi sechinyakare, zvichipfuurira kurukurirano pakati pamagamuchidzanwa maviri ayo, munzira zhinji, akakura pamwe chete.

Nyaya yaDisney neaine inhau yokuchinja pakupedzisira. Yakatanga sechikamu chimwe chakava pesvedzero inochinjazve, inoita kuti magamuchidzanwa ose ari maviri apfuure. Maziso akanyanyisa nezviratidzo zvemvura zvakamboratidzira chiratidzo se “Disney-se” zvino zvinobatira senheyo dzomutauro wenyika yose. Uye mumutauro iwoyo, manzwi enyanzvi dzemifananidzo dzeJapan anotaura zvakajeka nesimba, zvichitiyeuchidza kuti unyanzvi hwakanakisisa hahutongogari apo hwakatanga kuvamba (it, it) kufamba, inogadziridza, uye inova chimwe chinhu chikuru.