Mavhoriyamu emataniga anopfuura kungorava zvinhu; zvigadzirwa zvetsika zvinobata kushanduka - shanduka kwenhau dzeJapan, zvitaera, uye unyanzvi hwokudhinda. Kuvaunganidzi, peji rimwe nerimwe rine jiro nemusana munyoro unotaura nhau yenhambo yakati, kubva kuboka rinoputika repashure pehondo gekiga kuenda kurujeti, mutambo mukuru wema 1980 ne 1990. Kana wakakweverwa kusimba risina kusimba reOsamu Tezuka rinoshandira kana kuti rondedzero dzengano dzezvinyorwa zvechinyakare, kuunganidzwa kwezvidhindikiringi zvokutanga kunoda mubatanidzwa webasa romuchina, savvy, uye kuzvipira kwenguva refu kutarisiro yokunyama. Iyi inhungamiro yako inopfuura kuupenyu hwose hwekuunganidza munhu Tezukaka zvinoshanda kana kuti zvichengeterwa mumichina wokutanga kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwegadziriro yokugadzira zvinhu.

Zvinorehwa Netsika Nenhau dzeVintage Manga

Kunzwisisa chinoita kuti vhoriyamu inokosha munhau ive kuunganidza kunobva muvaraidzo yenguva dzose kuva basa rakakomba. Shoko rokuti "vintage manga" rinowanzonongedzera kumabhuku akabudiswa madhigirii asati atanga ma 2000, kunyange zvazvo vaunganidzi vazhinji vakamanikidzira munda kuzvinyorwa zvapamberi pe19990. Mavhoriyamu emang apakuvamba akatanga kuoneka muma1930, asi kuputika chaikoiko kwakaitika pashure peHondo Yenyika II, apo mabhuku akashambadzwa muOsaka. Makopi apakuvamba aiwanzodhindwa papepa rakaderera uye aisanzi apera, izvo zvinoita kuti mavhodhiyo api naapi akapukunyuka ave anowanwa asingawanzowanwa nhasi.

Nokuda kwavatauri veEngland, vintage manga inowanzoreva zvinyorwa zvakashandurwa pakuvamba zvakabudiswa muUnited States neEurope. Ma 1980 akaona masaisai okutanga eshanduro dzakanyoreswa pamutemo, kazhinji kazhinji ainyorwa zvikuru uye akarongwa nokuda kwavagari vokuMadokero. Kudhindwa kwemisoro yokutanga yakadai se "Akira" kubva kuEpic Comics, Viz Flo Comics, kana kuti mavhoriyamu okutanga e "Lone Wolf ne Cub" kubva kuFirst Comics kunokosheswa zvikuru nokuda kwenhau yazvokushairira. Mukuwirirana nenhauro yadzo. [FLT.10] Nhetembo yemaga paWPGP [FLD] [FLD:1], mavhodhi eManvolutein aidhi yakaisvonaka, uye aya mapepa apakuvamba anobatira seaiaikwaniswazve semabhirimo remisika yakasiana namabasa.

Kutanga: Nzira Yokuziva Nayo Manga Inoparira Kushaya Chirango

Musika wematanga echitsotsi unenge wakazara nezvinogadzirwa zvenhema, mabhuku anodhindwa zvisiri izvo, uye vatengesi vanovhiringidza “chekare” ne“ chinonzi. ” Chivako chakasimba chezivo ndicho chinokudzivirira pazvikanganiso zvinodhura.

Kunzwisisa Mabhuku Okutanga Neakasiyana - siyana

Chinyorwa chokutanga kudhindwa kwevhoriyamu, uye munyika yemanga, kuzivisa imwe kunogona kuva nemhesano. Kusafanana nebhuku rokuMadokero kubudisa, uko mutsetse wenhamba kana kuti "Chinyorwa Chokutanga" mashoko anozivikanwa navose, manga inowanzova inotsamira papeji yecolophon pamugumo webhuku. Uchawana chinyorwa, nhamba yokudhinda (kazhinji kazhinji 93 "21" nokuda kwechidhindo chokutanga), uye mutengo wapakuvamba. Dzidza kuziva vatambi ava vechiJapan, sezvo mitauro yapashure ingava yakafanana nechokunze. Nokuda kwokubudiswa kwechiNgezi, nzvera peji yezviverengero: "9 7 7 7 3" nhamba inoratidzira kudhinda, neapo inoshatsatsa gira gira madhigirirwo.

Dzimwe nhevedzano dzine mukurumbira weshavo hurusa. Mavhoriyamu ekaresa e "Sailor Moon" anobva kuMixx/Tokyopop, somuenzaniso, ane mapepa maduku okudhinda okutanga anofamba uye akaoma zvikuru kuwana kupfuura zvinyorwa zvapashure. Nenzira yakafanana, mavhoriyamu mana okutanga e "Blade of the Fifecture" kubva kuDork Horse munhete, usati uri muteshi wemitengo unotenga. Chinokosha ndecho kuyambuka mabhuku avaparidzi, wikis, uye manyurobhurejiographic pamberi pokutenga.

Kwokutenga Manga Yakagadzirwa Nesimba Rakachengeteka

Nzira yako yokushandisa kushatisa inofanira kuwirirana nokukosha kwemabhuku aunotsvaka. Nokuda kwedzimwe nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa navose dzemapepa evhintage, misika yeIndaneti yakadai seeBay neMercari inogona kubudisa purofiti kana ukanzvera nokungwarira nokunzvera mifananidzo. Zvisinei, nokuda kwezvinhu zvakakwirira zvemabharaneti, namatira kuvatengesi vane mukurumbira vanodzidza muzvinhu zvisingawanzowaniki uye manga, zvakadai savatengesi vezvitoro zvemiitiro zvenyama kana kuti nhau refu pakokorodzano huru. Dzimba dzeAuction dzinobata mabhii anounganidza mafashoni etsika (Tricage, somuenzaniso) dzinova nenzvimbo dzemivhinya inodzongonyera zvikuru.

Pakutenga kumunhu mumwe nomumwe anotengesa, nguva dzose bvunza mamwe mapikicha omuzongoza, colophon yomukati, uye urema hupi nohupi hunozivikanwa. Kukumbira nhau yohuni hwebhuku kana nhau dzakabvumikiswa nokuda kwezvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru. Mutengesi akanaka acharatidza pachena pamusoro pezvikanganiso. Kana uri kuvaka muunganidzwa wetaro yemitauro yeJapan, rangarira kushandisa mabasa okunyorera pasi anogona kusvika Yahoo! Auccomtions Japan, umo mavhoriyamu asingawanzooneka kazhinji kazhinji. Nguva dzose chisakiso muzvinhu zvokutumira zvinhu uye mibato yetsika dzinobvira, sezvo kupinza mabhuku kuJapan kunogona kuwedzera zvikuru hwerengedzo yako.

Kuvaka Mubatanidzwa Nechinangwa

Kubatanidza kusingasarudziki muvengi wemuunganidzwa unonangidzirwa. Kurumidza pakuvamba kana uri kuedza kupedza kugadzirwa kweimwe nyanzvi inonyora mifananidzo, kuunganidza zvinyorwa zvokutanga bedzi, kuwana peji dzose dzechinjo, kana kuti chinyorwa chakasiyana. Uku kujeka kuchakudzivisa kubhadhara zvakanyanyisa nokuda kwamabhuku asingakodzeri musoro wako. Chengeta ndaza yemitengo kana kuti kushaiwa kwomuviri uye nzvera kupedzwa kutengeswa panzvimbo dzemisika kuti unzwisise mipimo yazvino uno. Gollect

Mugariro Wokukodzera Manga Yakaoma: Chokutsvaka

Kurongedza mashoko okuunganidza. Rimwe bhuku rinorondedzerwa se "Fine" rinoraira mutengo wakasiana zvikuru kupfuura mumwe mu "Kwakanaka" mumugariro, kunyange kana ose ari maviri ari chinyorwa chimwe chetecho. Kudzidza kuva magiredhi pakutenga kwako umene kungabvira kuchakuponesa pakuodzwa mwoyo nokurasikirwa nemari.

Nhamo Dzavose Netapuro Yadzo Paukoshi

  • Kupeta nokudziya:[[FT:1] Manga, zvikurukuru mavhoriyamu akakora, kazhinji kazhinji anovamba musana wakamonyoroka kubva pakuraviwa. Musana wakasimba, wakaenzana kumativi mana akaenzana. Kurava mavhaisi mumusana ndokwenguva dzose asi kunoderedza giredhi.
  • [[FT:0] Kuchembera nokutseremudza:[[FLT: 1] mazera omuzvarirwo epepa, asi mashava kana kuti mashava maduku (foxing) anoratidzira kushata. Bumba duku rinogamuchirwa nokuda kwamabhuku anenge atangira 190; kurasika kwamavara hakubviri.
  • Kukuvadza nokunhuhwirira: Chikwangwani chipi nechipi chokunaya mvura, kufanana namapeji ewavy kana kuti mafungu, chinoderedza zvikuru ukoshi. Kunyange kukuvadza zvikuru kunhuwidza kwechikafu kana kuti kwemasmoky, uko kunenge kusingabviri kubvisa zvakazara uye kunogona kupararira kumamwe mabhuku muunganidzwa wako.
  • Color inopera: Inki, zvikurukuru pabutiro, dzinogona kuoma pasi pechiedza. Enzanisa mapeji omukati nebutiro kazhinji kazhinji, butiro rinofanira kuchengeta kunzwika kwaro kwapakuvamba.
  • Tsoro, tepi, uye kunyora: Paradziro duku pabhachi revhu rinogona kugadziriswa nemugadziridzi, asi kugadzirirwa kwetepi kusinganzwisisiki kunosiya zvisaririra zvechigarire. Marata enzvimbo yokushandira kana kuti mapepa anonamirwa pabutiro izvikanganiso, kunyange zvazvo mavhoriyamu eJapan pane dzimwe nguva ane obi ane ukoshi hunowedzera.

Makwara Aunogona Kushandisa

Nepo pasina mupimo wenyika yose wemanga wakaenzana neCGC nokuda kwamakomiki eAmerica, vaunganidzi vazhinji vanochinja mwero weOverstreet. Magiredhi anozivikanwa navose anobatanidza:

  • [[FOLT:0]Mint (MT):[[FT:1]] zvakakwana, semugariro mutsva, kubva kuchinoitika chomudhindi. Chinenge chisina kana kana kana nechekuvapo nokuda kwemanga.
  • [[FOL:0] Near Mint (NM): Bhuku rinoshandiswa risina charinopfeka chinooneka, makakona akapinza, uye mapeji machena.
  • Yakaisvonaka zvikuru (VF):[[FT]] Mishomanene, mishomanene yefunganyo pamusana, kugonyana kwekona.
  • [[FFL:0] Fine (FN): Kopi yemabharo iri pamusoro apa ine zvipfeko zvinooneka asi zvine mwero, kurasikirwa nemavara pamusana, kutonhodzwa kwechiedza.
  • Zvakanaka zvikuru (VG): kopi inosanoverengwa ine urema hunooneka zvakadai semusana unosvava, chifukidzo, kana kuti mavanga maduku. Chichiri chakakwana uye chisina kukuvadzwa.
  • Akanaka (GD): Ibhuku rakasakara zvikuru rine zvikanganiso zvakakomba, sezvinobvira bhachi revhu rakavhunika kana kuti mapeji asina kushama, asi rugwaro rwose nounyanzvi zviripo. Kazhinji kazhinji kopi yokurava, kwete kopi yomuunganidzi.

Kana usina chokwadi, funga kuti kunyanyodyisa chinetso chinoramba chiripo munhevedzano dzepaIndaneti, naizvozvo dzidza kutsoropodza mapikicha. Kana usingagoni kuona kupfura kwomusana kwakajeka uye makakona akasimba, unofunga kuti pane zvikanganiso zvakavigwa.

Sayenzi Yepepa Rakachekwa

Kuchengetedza nenzira yakafanira manga, kunobetsera kunzwisisa zvaunorwa. Manga yakawanda yakabudiswa muma1990 yakadhindwa pamiti-pulp pepa, iro riri reseacid. Nokufamba kwenguva, asidi inovhuna maseropuleti, ichiparira pepa kuva rakaoma nokudzima. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei upedzi hwa 1980 hwemanga hunoputsika pamicheto apo bhuku rakakwirira remifananidzo ramapuranga rinoramba riripo. Ribrary yeCongress Collage dertate [ inobudisa kunzvera papepa kushata, uye miraunguro yemite yemite yemichikaro. Kunyange papepa razvino uno, rinodhindwa papepa riri nani, kana kuti rinopisa zvikuru.

Zvakatipoteredza zvinotangawo ngozi dzezvinhu zvipenyu: sporess iri pose pose, uye inoda bedzi kudziya nounyoro kuti itumbuke. Zvipembenene, zvikurukuru silverfish nebhukwana, zvinokwezvwa negurokuro dzinoshandiswa kuvhara. Kuziva izvi, kuchengetedzwa hakusati kuri bedzi pamusoro pokuputira bhuku mupurasitiki; kuri pamusoro pokuparira mhoteredzo ine utsinye nokuda kwezvinoshatsa.

Nzira Dzinochengetedza: Kudzivirira Kupinza Kwako Mari

Kuchengetedzwa muitiro unopfuurira, unopfuurira. Kuvamba nguva yaunowana vhoriyamu uye isingatongogumi zvirokwazvo. Nzira dzinotevera dzinochinjirwa kumiitiro inoshandiswa ne Getty Conservation Institute[[[FLT: 1] navezvoruzivo.

Kugadzira Nzvimbo Yakachengetedzwa Yakanaka

Mbiru nhatu dzemhoteredzo yakatsiga itembiricha, unyoro hwakati kuti (RH), uye chiedza. Varira kamuri rinotonhorera rine tembiricha pakati pa 60°F na 7°F (15°C21°C). RH inofanira kudonha nenzira yakananga pakati pe30% na50%. Kuchinja kuri kunze kweruvara urwu kunokweva foshome (RH) kana kuti pepa rinotsvedzemuka (riri pasi reRH). Dzivisa materuva neatomu kutoti kana kuti kuva negadziriro yakazvitsaurira yokudzora mamiriro okunze emo emo.

Chiedza chinoparadza chinyararire. Zvokwadi yezuva nechiedza chisina kunyungudutsa zvinobudisa mwaranzi ultraviolet inosvava nokunetesa micheka yepepa. Sherefata manga yako mukamuri namachira akasviba kana kuti bhaisikopo reUV pamawindo. Kana uchifanira kuisa vhoriyamu, ichengete munzvimbo ine chiedza chakaderera uye tenderera peji rakaratidzwa nguva dzose kuti ideredze kuoma.

Ruvara rwemhepowo. Ruve nezvinoshatisa zvinogona kuita maererano namakemikoro. Shandisa purifiti yemhepo ine HEPA inosefa mukamuri rako rokuchengetera zvinhu. Dzivisa kuchengeta mabhuku pedyo necopiers, vadhindi, kana kuti pendi itsva, sezvo misanganiswa yeozone nezvinochinja-chinja chinja mhepo inowedzera kushata.

Zvinhu Zvokuchengetera Zvinhu Zvakacherwa: Nhungamiro Yemutengi

Haisi purasitiki yose inogadzirwa yakaenzana. Mabhegi akajeka aunoona muzvitoro zvemakomiki anowanzova polythylene kana kuti polypropylene, asi kuti uchengete zvinhu zvakati rebei, unoda zvinhu zvinonzi arbical: zvine asidi, haisipo, uye zvinopfuudzwa Photoic Active Testation (PAT). Tsvaka chiratidzo chePAT apo unotenga maoko, mabhodhi okutsigira, uye mabhokisi.

Kubata Kwakafanira Nokushandisa Magirazi Here?

Uchenjeri hwekokorodzano pakati pavatengi vemakomiki hunowanzoraira maglove machena chena, asi sayenzi yakaisvonaka yakabva pamuitiro uyu wezvinhu zvakavakirwa papepa. Cotton gloves inogona kusvetuka pamicheto yakashata ndokuderedza mirangariro inotsvedza, ichiwedzera ngozi yokubvarura. Panzvimbo pezvo, kugeza nokuomesa maoko ako chose chose usati wabata, uye rangarira kupfeka magirovho ane shivi kana uchiva unobata zvikuru mavhozhozhowe asingatani kana kuti ukoshi. Nitle gloves anogovera kushairira kwakazara uye kusasiya chisarira.

  • [[FTL:0] Kuisa musana: Usatongozarura manga yakavanda patafura kutoti chisungo chatodzima zvikuru. Tanobon inobatisisa, inoisa vhoriyamu mumaoko ako kana kuti kushandisa bhuku rinotsigira piro kuganhurira giramu rokutanga.
  • [ Kusadya kana kunwa: Chengeta zvokudya nezvinwiwa zviri kure nezviunganidzwa zvako. Kunyange kurasika kuduku kunogona kuparira kusvibiswa nokukweva zvipembenene.
  • Mazambuko ePage: nokuda kwamabhuku ane mapeji akaomarara, shandisa microspatula yakachena, isina mvura kana kuti kabhuku kegilamu kusimudza mapeji zvinyoronyoro uye kutendeuka panzvimbo pokutsikwa neminwe yako.

Kuchenesa uye Kugadzira Kuduku: DIY v. Rubatsiro Rwenyanzvi

Huruva nevhu zvinogona kubviswa nebhurashi rakapfava, remone kana kuti mucheka wemicrofiber unotsaurirwa bedzi kuchenesa mabhuku. Ivai bhuku rakavharwa zvakasimba naizvozvo guruva harizungudziri pakati pamapeji, uye vhara kunze mumuzongo. Kuvhara kunobvira kushandisa suo yakaderera nehePA sefasiti yejira rakachena, asi kuisa chidizi pagumbe kuti zvisasvetu.

Usaedza kugadzira mapeji akasakara netepi yetsika. Mapepa anonama achaenda yero, ouze, uye acharamba akazara. Kana kutsemuka kwepeji kuchideredza zvikuru kuvimbika kwevhoriyamu inokosha, bvunza nyanzvi yepepa. Unogona kuwana imwe mu American Institute for Conservation (AIC) website. Nenzira yakafanana, usatongoedza kuvhara kana kuti kurapa mavharasha pamusha. Uku kurapa kunoda nzira inodzorwa yerabhora reFilitiki kuti udzivise kukuvadza pepa.

Kuzvinyima zvipembenene, bvisa vhoriyamu yatapurwa nokukurumidza muhomwe yepurasitiki yakavharwa. Kubvisa bhuku racho kwamavhiki anoverengeka kunogona kuuraya zvipukanana zvinoshanda, asi izvi zvinofanira kuitwa nokungwarira kudzivisa kuvadziko yokuparadza. Nyora bhuku mupepa, riise mubhegi rezipu, uye gara padokonda kweanenge mavhiki maviri. Pashure pokubvisa, rega bhegi racho risvike kutembiricha yemuri reimba risati ravhura kuti ridzivise kugadzira unyoro panzvimbo yebhuku inotonhora.

Kubatanidza Chiunganidzwa Chako: Nzira Yazvino Uno Yokuchengetedza

Nepo kunzvera kwemichina kusingagoni kutsiva mufaro wevhoriyamu inopenya, kuita nokuchengeta makombiyuta kunobatira zvinangwa zviviri: kunokubvumira kurava mashoko pasina kubata nawo pakuvamba, uye kunoshanda sechipfuva mubato kana pakaitika njodzi. Kushandiswa kwomunhu oga, muchina wokuscanner wakareruka neCCD unova nomufananidzo unopfupika wemakombiyuta; CCD scanners inowana udzame zvikuru uye ine kushatiswa kushomanene. Shoo doketi 300 dpi nokuda kwematema newhite mapeji 600 eji nokuda kworuvara kana kuti mapeji ane mashoko akawanda. Savara mafaira muforo akapfumiswa akafanana neteji yeteji yetenzi, ipapo kugadzira maJPEG kana kuti maPDFS nokuda kwokurava mazuva ose.

Ronga mafaira emichina yako nezita rekokorodzano dzakajeka kubatanidza nhevedzano, vhoriyamu, chinyorwa, uye musi wokunzvera. Chengeta mafaira enyanzvi paanenge makumbo maviri akasiiwa munzvimbo dzinooneka dzakasiana, uye rangarira basa rokuvhara negore. Minda yemitanhi inofanira kubatanidza manyuko escan (jere., "kudhinda, 1986 Shogakan") kuitira kuti vanzveri venguva yemberi vagone kuziva chinyorwa chawakachengeta.

Inishuwarenzi, Kuronga Mabhuku, uye Kunyora Mashoko

Apo muunganidzwa wako unokura kupfuura mavhoriyamu mashoma emirangariro, unofanira kurangarirwa sechinhu chinokosha chemari. Ruzivo rwakazara inheyo yezvipi nezvipi zvinoda inishuwarenzi kana kuti gadziriro yenzvimbo. Ratabhu yako inofanira kubatanidza, nokuda kwevhoriyamu imwe neimwe: musoro, munyori/aritiri, muparidzi, chinyorwa/kudhinda, gore, giramu yemari, muvhozhozhokeri wechienzi (se chiratidzo chakaverengwa pabhegi rearchir), uye ukoshi hwazvinofungidzirwa kuva hwechikamu chimwe nechimwe chekare, chinotakura chifukidzo chemberi, musana, musana, uye mavara api naapi anokosha akadai seobi briti kana kuti maiswa musimudziyo.

Inishuwarenzi yatenzi wemusha kana kuti werendi yegore rakawanda inowanzofukidza zvinhu zvomunhu oga, asi ingava nemiganhu yakaderera nokuda kwezvinenge zvichiunganidzwa uye inobhadharisa mari chaiyo, iyo inobvisa kuderera kwemitengo. Nokuda kwevintage manga, mari yomusika ingava yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura mutengo wechifukidzo chechipfuva chendaudzo chendaza. Onaishuwarenzi yako yokukurukura nyaya yako yomunhu oga yakatemwa kana kuti muunganidzwa weinishuwarenzi unowana mari inotengwa. Makambani anonzvera anounganidza anonzwisisa musika wacho uye anogona kubvumirana pamutengo wechinhu chacho usati warasikirwa nechinhu chipi nechipi. Chengeta kuti chisimutserwe pamitengwa yako yemitengwa yemitezo yemitezo yeinishuwarenzi yemari yazvinotengeswa.

Zvikanganiso Zvinozivikanwa Navose Zvokudzivisa

Kunyange navaunganidzi vanosanoziva vanogona kukuvadza mabhuku avo vasingazivi. Hedzino nhongonya dzokungwarira:

  • [[FT:0] Kucheka manga ichibva mudenga pasina chitsigiso:[[FT:1] Uremu hunogona kutsvedza misana nezvinovhara. Nguva dzose chengeta wakamira namabhuku akaenzana, uye shandisa mabhukwana kuti udzivise kusvetuka.
  • Kuchenesa: Kudzima kwakanyanyisa kana kuti kushandisa zvifefeti zvemakemikari kunogona kubvisa kudzongonyedzwa kwepepa kunze ndokuriparira kuva risingadzimi. guruva bedzi apo kunenge kuri madikanwa.
  • Kushora bhachi reguruva: tanobon yeJapan kazhinji kazhinji yaiuya namabhachi evhu asina kusimba. Kana ako achiri ane rimwe, ridzivirire nechifukidziro chebutiro rakajeka. Kuvapo kwebhachi rapakuvamba reguruva kunogona kupeta kana kuti kupeta katatu ukoshi hwebhuku.
  • Kupitira mumaraji asingadzorwi: Kuchinja kwetembiricha mugaraji kunogona kusvika 10°F kana kuti kupfuura muzhizha uye kuoma kwechando, kuchiwedzera kushata kwepepa nenzira yokuwedzera.
  • Kupa ngwariro yokunzvera: Isa chiyeuchidzo chinodzokororwazve chezviunganidzwa zvako mwedzi mitanhatu iri yose. Tsvaka zviratidzo zvezvipukanana, kukura kweforoma, kana kuti kupfura kutsva, uye nhau dzehurukuro dzisati dzapararira.

Kuvaka Nhaka

Muunganidzwa wemantammag ichinhu chipenyu. Nokusanochengeta zvinhu nokutendeseka, uye kuchengeta nokuoma kwesayenzi, unoita zvinopfuura kuunganidza zvinhu; unodzivirira kuyeuka kwomuviri kwemushonga wakaumba tsika dzepop. Kugoverana muunganidzwa wako nevamwe vanofarira, kutora rutivi mumibatanidzwa yeIndaneti kuti utsigire mari dzokuchengetedza, uye funga nezvokukweretesa zvinhu kuraibhurari kana kuti kokorodzano dzine kuchengeteka kwakakodzera uye mhoteredzo. Kana tikanyanya kubata mabhuku aya sezvinhu zvisingachinjiki, nguva refu icharamba iripo kuti varavi varavi vachazodzidza uye vadhiroyi.