Shoko rinonzi "Battle of the Titan" rinomutsa kurwisana kwemahombesa(masimba) anotyisa kwazvo zvokuti rwisano yavo inodzosa nyika. Bva nhau inozivisa kuti makwikwi anoparadza zvikurusa anowanzobuda kwete muvavengi vekare, asi kubva kune dzaichimbova vasonganiri vakasungwa kupfurikidza nerukundo uye ipapo vakadimburwa nevavariro, kutya, uye kusarurana. Kushandurwa kwebatira pamwe kuva vavengi vane hasha mukurwisana kwakaipa ichinoitika chinodzokororwazve mumibatanidzwa yemageomeoni, ichisundwa nedzvinyiriro dzemiitiro yezvivako nechisarudzo chavanhu. Nyaya ino inobvisa kuputsika ikoko kwapamutemo, inorangarira kuti chivimbo chinoputswa sei, kurwisana, uye vavariro dzinoitika dzinopinda murwisano pachena. Kupfurikidza nenhau, tichanzvera kubatana kwemibatanidzwa nezvidzidzo yazvinobuda mumugariro unowirirana nokukurumidza.

Nheyo Yakasimba Yemagariro

Mibatanidzwa iroorano dzinodzorwa nebetsero. Iyo inonangana namarudzi anorwisana netyisidziro yavose(antian perfection), simba rehegemonic, kana kuti njodzi iripo. Gadziriro yakakurira Napoleon, somuenzaniso, yakasunga Russia yeautocratic, Austria, uye Britain yakasununguka chero bedzi mambo weCorsican akaramba ari tyisidziro. Nenzira yakafanana, Grand Alliance of World War II yabatanidza mutsigirist West neSoviet Union kuti iparadze Germany yeNazi. Idzidzi dzave bvumirano dzebhizimisi, kwete resitiri, dzakava neparati, kushata-kashaiana. BPrie, mibato yenguva refu yakangova isingadzoregi, yakamirira tyisidzirokero.

Rukundo rwokukunda rusinganzwisisiki kuwirirana. Makwikwi ezvemari, zvinangwa zvenzvimbo, uye mirangariro yenyika inorwisana zvinopfuurira kunyange mukati mebatira pamwe. Wezvenhau Thucydides akacherekedza muzana ramakore rechi 5 BCE kuti kukura kwesimba reAtene uye kutya kwarakanyandura muSparta kwakaita kuti Hondo yePeloponnesia idzivise .Nhau yeAthens neSparta zvakanga zvichangobva kuva zvibvumirano mukudzivisa kuvhozhokera kwePersia. Rubudiriro rweboka iroro rwakadyara mbeu dzerwisano.

Nharidzano dzehondo dzechipiri kazhinji kazhinji dzinonyora pamusoro pemipata yakadzika zvikuru yepasi. Masangano angabatanidza masangano echikwata nepo achideredza chinyararire pesvedzero yeimwe yapashure pehondo. Uchenjeri hunogona kuwiriraniswa nenyumwiro; kugoverwa kwamazai kunova mutambo wezero-simu. Sezvo muvengi anozivikanwa navose anonetesa, vakundi vanovamba kuyera mwero wesimba richabuda. Mubatanidzwa, unobviswa chinangwa chawo chinobatanidza, munhandare yamakwikwikwi.

Mbeu Dzokusawirirana: Nheyo Dzezvemari, uye Chido

Kupesana Kwepfungwa

Gadziriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzedivgenet nokukoshesa zvinoparadza kubatana kwemibatanidzwa yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeWestern Europe nehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yeSoviet yakabatira pamwe mukati meHondo Yenyika II, asi sezvo hondo yakaguma, mupata wepfungwa wakava usingadzoreki. Vimbiso yeAtlantic Charter yokuzviparadzanisa umene wakarwisana nechiono chaStalin chepesvedzero muEastern Europe. Chiziviso cheIdeological chakashandura vaichimbova vasonganiri kuva vavengi munenge usiku hwose; "Iron Crice" yakaburuka kwete somuuyo wechinoitika chimwe, asi nokutaura kune mufungo kwemirangariro yenyika isingawi yakanga yabviswa kwenguva pfupi.

Michina yemashoko anoparadzirwa yaimbopemberera kubatana kwemadhimoni, ichipenda shamwari yaingova muvengi ane simba.

Kunetsana Kwezvemari

Kudyidzana kwezvemari kunogona kuva munondo unokomberedzwa namativi maviri. Mukati mokupera kwezana ramakore rechi19, Umambo hweGermany neGreat Britain zvakanga zviri zvikwata zvebhizimisi zvikurusa, bva makwikwi ezvokutengeserana nokuda kwemisika, zvinhu, uye simba rengarava akanyandura ruvengo. Sezvo rwisano dzenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu dzeGermany dzakawedzera, Britain yakaziva tyisidziro kudzodzodzodzoro yayo yezvemari. Masangano ehurumende, makakatanti ehurumende, uye dzinza rehondo rehondo rehondo rakashandura vakwanyina vezveri vezvemari kuva vakwikwikwidzani vakananga. ]

Nenzira yakafanana, pashure peHondo yeNyika II, gadziriro yeBreton Woods neMarshall Plan yakagadzirwa panguva imwe cheteyo kuvakazve Europe ndokuva nepesvedzero yeSoviet, kuumba rusvingo rwezvemari pakati peboka rechikapitali neromukomyunizimu. Zvirango zvebhizimisi, maembango ezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye mativi emari akava zvombo, zvichitsiva batira pamwe yezvokushandira pamwe yamakore ehondo. Economic decoupling ipfundo rokusadzorerwa.

Zvinetso Zvokuda Kuwana Zvikuru uye Zvekuchengeteka Zvisina Kurongwa

Dambudziko rechengeteko (apo nhamburiko dzeimwe nyika dzokuvandudza chengeteko yadzo dzinoita kuti vamwe vanzwe vasina kuchengeteka − iri mutyairi chaiye wemakwikwi. Simba rinowedzera ringasimbisa miganhu yaro kana kuti kuwedzera gungwa raro nokuda kwezvikonzero zvokuzvidzivirira, asi vavakidzani varo vanodudzira izvi sezvirongwa zvokugadzirira kudenha. Mumakore apamberi peHondo yeNyika I, Schlieffen Plan yakanga iri kuedza kweGermany kupedza chinetso chine mativi maviri, bva rakamanikidzira France neRussia kusimbisa ukama hwavo vamene, pakupedzisira kukweveredzera Europe mungwavaira. Chakavamba sokuronga kwehondo kwakachenjera kwakataridzikamira vamwe sepurani yokudzora.

Kuda kuzadza matomu kunobatsirawo kuchinja. Sezvo Umambo hweOttoman hwakaparara, Russia neAustria-Hungary, zvakabatanidzwa necherokuti pasi peMamishinari Matatu eMamishinari, zvakavamba makwikwi okuda kupesvedzera muBalkan. Kukwikwikwidzana kwavo kwakawedzera kubva pakuronga kwezvokushandira pamwe kusvika pakuunganidza hondo, kuchinja vatsinhani kuva zvisakiso zvemhirizhenga dzemhoshonga dzepasi rose. Nyanzvi pa International Encyclopedia of the First World War

Zvikamu Zvikuru Zvinonyengetedza Chivimbo

Mapoka enhau okuchinja anowanzooneka kamwe kamwe, asi anokonzerwa nokunyunyuta kwakaunganidzwa.

Unyengeri Husina Kutsarukana uye Kunyengera

Zvibvumirano zvepachivande kana kuti zvinofungidzirwa kuti kutengesa zvinenge zvapachivande zvine mugumisiro mukuru. Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact ya1939 yakavhundutsa nyika apo Hitler naStalin, vafundisi vepfungwa, vakabvumirana kuparadzanisa Poland. Kumaruwa ehurumende dzinotonga hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu vokuMadokero, kwairatidzika sokusavimbika kwechengeteko yeboka. Kunyange pashure pokunge chibvumirano chacho chaparara nokuvhozhozhokera kweGermany, kunyumwirwa kwakaramba kuripo; Stalin haana kutongovimba zvizere nesonganiso yake yokuMadokero, akapwirira kuti vaizotsvaka rugare rwakaparadzana naHitler.

Mumazana amakore apakuvamba, "Kumukira kweDiplomatic" kwa 1756" uko Austria yakasiya mubatanidzwa wayo wegamuchidzanwa weBritain nokuda kweyokuFrance / yakashandura yaichimbova shamwari kuva vavengi muHondo yeMakore Manomwe. Kuchinja kwakadaro kunosimbisa kuti zvibvumirano zvechinzwano hazvina kusimba sei zvirokwazvo.

Varwi Nekupopotedzana Nemauto

Apo mauto akabatana anoshanda munhandare imwe cheteyo, rwisano pamusoro pomurairo, pfuma, uye rumbidzo nokuda kworukundo zvinogona kunyandura gakava. mukati menhimbe yeItaly yeHondo Yenyika II, vakuru vakuru veAmerica neBritain havana kubvumirana nesimba pamusoro pourongwa, uye rutivi rumwe norumwe vachipomera nokuda kwefariro dzorudzi pandyiko dzemubatanidzwa. Uku, kunyange zvazvo kwaiva, kwakaratidzira kuti batira pamwe yehondo inogona kurodza sei panzvimbo pokupfavisa mativi ebatano.

MuKorea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, uye mamwe Masimba makuru asingaverengeki anorwisana nemapoka akashongedzerwa, zvichiita kuti kurwisana kwemaruwa kuve makwikwi esimba. Hondo yepanyika inosarudzwa pamunhu mumwe nomumwe yakawedzera makwikwi, zvichiita kuti kushandira pamwe kusava nemusoro.

Hondo Dzemashoko Anoparadzirwa Nehondo Yemashoko

Kana chivimbo changoparadzwa, nhau dzinotsiva maidi. Mikoto yediplomatic inoswedera pedyo uye murangariro wavose unooma. Nguva yapashure pa1945 yakaona United States neSoviet Union ichigadzira nzanga dzose dzezvinobudisa nhau kuti dzizviise pasi. Radio Free Europe, Voice of America, uye masangano eSoviet akabudirira akarwisana namashoko akaparira kuti nyika yakasikwa yakaipa. Kutaura kwe "nyika yakasununguka" kunopesana na" marudzi anotenderwa kusabvisika. Kana bedzi vagari vemo vakapwiswa kuti vadzore muveri anouraya, vatungamiriri vanowana kuti hondo yamashoko yakaparira imwe sechinhu chakaipa.

Zvikanganiso Zvakagadziridzwa Zvinotungamirira Kumakwikwi

Kuchinja kubva pakutsigirana kuenda pakukwikwidzana hakuwanzova chisarudzo chimwe chete, “‘ inguva yokungoona zviratidzo zvisina kujeka, kunyanyisa, uye kukundikana kudzora.

Kurangarira Chisarudzo Chomuvengi

Vachivimba nebatira pamwe yavo yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, vatungamiriri vanowanzofunga kuti mukwanyina achadzoka apo vanodenhwa. Muna 1914, Germany yakadavira kuti Britain, mubiyayo wayo wezvokutengeserana nomubiyayo, yaizoramba isina rutivi muhondo yenyika. Uku kukanganisa kwakanga kune ngwavaira. Kurava kwakafanana kwakaitika apo Argentina yakavhozhokera Falklands muna 1982, ichirangarira kuti United Kingdom /Acey yakabatana mumashoko yeHondo yeShona.

Kunyanyofarira Kudyidzana Kwenyika

Chisimba chipfupi chinonatsa kubatana. Apo France yakabva pamurairo wehondo weNATO wakabatanidzwa muna 1966, yakakatyamadza mubatanidzwa wokuMadokero, kwete nemhaka yokuti France yakava muvengi, asi nemhaka yokuti mutsigiri mukuru akasarudza kuisa udzori hwaposesoro nomutoo waireva kusavimbana. Nepo makwikwi akaramba aripo, chinoitika chacho chakasimbisa kuti kuronga kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunogona sei kukunda chengeteko yavose. Kutanga kurangarira kuwana mhindu yenyika kupfuura zviratidzo zvokubatana kuvamwe kuti kubatira pamwe chete kunofanira kushandiswa.

Muuyo Usina Kujeka Wokuvhiringidzwa

Misengwa yeAlliance inogona kukwevera nyika murwisano dzadzisina kutongotsvaka, dzichitanga makwikwi matsva munzira. Gadziriro yakaoma yezvibvumirano zvakarongeka yaireva kuti njodzi yomunzvimbomo yeBalkan yakakura kuva hondo yenyika nemhaka yokuti mubato mumwe nomumwe wakaremekedza zvibvumirano zvawo (kunyange apo gakava rapakuvamba rakaitwa nefariro duku duku. Gadziriro imene yakarongedzerwa kuchengetedza rugare panzvimbo pezvo yakaparira kukwikwikwidzana: Russia, Germany yakatsigira Austria, France yakatsigira Russia, uye Britain pakupedzisira yakapinda mukurwisana neGermany. Pakarepo yakasungwa negadziriro yezvipikirwa, vatsigiridzani vakava vavengi negadziriro yakarongwa.

Utungamiriri Nokukwikwidzana Kwevanhu

Vatungamiriri vevatambi vanogona kudzora kutya uye chido kuti zvisaita kuti nyika dzavo dzisashandirane uye dzive negakava.

Kukanganisa kwaNapoleon III pamusoro pePrussia kwakashandura makwikwi aidzorwa kuva Hondo yehurumende yeFranco-Prussia. Makumi amakore pakuvamba, Napoleon Bonaparte amene akanga aratidza kuti munhu mumwe chete aidzora aigona sei kubatanidza zvisungo mukurwisana naye, bvawo kuti vasonganiri vake vaichimbova vaPrussiah I vakafanana naTsar Alexander I , vaigona kuva vavengi vavo vamene vane hasha pashure pokunge Trissit yabviswa. Nhange, ruvengo rukuru pakati paJohn F.Kennedy naNikita Khrushchev munguva yeCuban Missile Crisiss akadokunyurira nyika yose muhondo yenyukireya, asi rwakangawo rwuri simba ravo rokupedzisira nokuda kwekurukurirano yakabva kudivirira shure kwomugariro wokupinda mudavara. Mukuru mukuru mukuru wezvibvumirano zvinogona kumhanya kana kuti kusungwa nguva pfupi.

Mashoko anodzikamisa musiyano. Kutaura kweTruman Doctrine kwa 1947, kwakaumba nyika serwisano pakati porusununguko necommunist, kwakasimbisa ndangariro yebipolar. Nepo nenzira isingakarirwi kunzvera kwechokwadi, kwakabudisa mutsetse wakajeka uyo wakamanikidzira vaichimbova vatsigiri kutora mativi, kuchishandura vakwanyina vanozengurira kuva vavengi vakazvipira.

Kukombamira Kuduku Kupinda Murwisano Yapanyika: Kunzvera Nemhaka

Hondo yePeloponnesian: Kubva paKubatana kwechiGiriki Kuenda Kumukwikwidzano weSpartan - Athenian

Delian League, pakuvamba chibvumirano chokudzivirira mukurwisana nePersia, chakava umambo hweAtene. Sparta, mutungamiriri wehondo anozivikanwa mukati meHondo dzePersia, akatarira Athens achikura kuva nesimba zvikuru, achivaka Rong Walls uye achidzora Aegean. Nhevedzano dzezvinoitika —Corcyra, Potidaea·traw , iyo Thucydides yakadana kuti "mutindiva wesimba reAtene uye kutya ikoku kwakaparira muSpartaea. Aichimbova vatsigiri vai avo vakanga varwa parutivi pejinga nePlataea neSalamis zvino vakaurayana muhondo inopfupika, inoparadza. [[FLT:]]

Hondo Yenyika I: Kubva Mubatanidzwa Wezvikamu Zviduku Kusvika Kuvavengi

Italy, kunyange zvazvo yainyorera Triple Alliance neGermany neAustria-Hungary, yakazivisa kusatora rutivi muna 1914 uye pakupedzisira yakakumbanira masimba eEntete muna 1915. Kuputsika kwemifungo kwakakwana pano: mubatanidzwa wakaitirwa kuchengetedza kutsiga wakaregwa apo Italy yakarangarira kuti fariro dzayo dzaiva neyaichimbova vakwikwikwidzi vayo. Uku kutsauka kunoratidza kuti kunyange zvibvumirano zvemitemo zvinoparara apo kumira mberi kwenyika. Chibvumirano chakavanzika cheLondon chakavimbisa kuwana puro dzenyika paAustria-Hungary (chibvumikiso) chanhasi chinogona kuiswa mubayiro wemangwana).

Hondo Yemashoko: Kubva Muhondo Kuenda Kuvavengi Venyukireya

Grand Alliance yakapunzika mukati mamakore maviri eZuva reV-E. Dispuses muPoland, divi reGermany, uye rudzi rwokuvakazve pashure pehondo zvakafumura zviono zvisingawirirani zveSoviet Union neWest. Berlin Blottade, kuumbwa kweNATO, uye bhomba reatomu reSoviet rakashandura batira pamwe kuva rwisano yezero renyika yose. Asi, zvikurukuru, hondo yakananga yakadziviswa; makwikwikwi acho akaramba aripo kupfurikidza nedzikamo inotyisa yesimba. Hondo yeRunguoume inozivisa kuti makwikwikwi okurwisana anogona kupfuurira kwemakumi emakore pasina kuwedzera hondo yakakwana kana gadziriro dzokuteramisa dzakabata.

Migumisiro Yokuparara Kwemhuri

Apo vasonganiri vanova vakwikwidzi, gadziriro yamarudzi ose inoita chinjo yamasimba inodzokororwa kwezvizvarwa.

  • Dzora Mamepu eGeo Antipal: Aichimbova vakwanyina vanochera madenderedzwa epesvedzero, pane dzimwe nguva vachikamura makondinendi ose. Post-WI Europe yakavhengana neIron Curtain, kuvamba mapoka maviri ane utsinye ayo akaraira nhau dzenyika yose.
  • Arms Races and Resource Drain: Kuchinja kubva kubatira pamwe kuenda kumakwikwi kunotsausa pfuma huru kukushandiswa kwehondo. Nhangemutange yezvombo zvenyukireya pakati peUS neUSSR inodyira mabhiriyoni uye inoparira tyisidziro yechigarire yokuparadza, kunyange zvazvo maviri acho akabuda mubvumirano yehondo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Rwisano dzezeni neHondo dzinoshanda: Hadzisi makwikwi ose anoguma mukukunda kwakajeka. Kuora kwakawanda kukuva vafambi vanonyengerwa, nehondo dzomunzvimbomo dzinobatira sehondo. Korea inoramba yakakamukana, Taiwan nzvimbo inotambira, uye hondo yavagari vemo yeSiria nhandare yavanhu vaichimbova varwi veHondo Yamashoko yakashandura vavengi.
  • Incitualical Collapse and Reagime: Mibatanidzwa yakafanana neChinzwano chaMarudzi yakakundikana murutivi nemhaka yokuti vaichimbova vasonganiri vaisagona kutsigira mirau inobatira pamwe. Masangano ebudiriro, kufanana neChibatanwa chaMarudzi, akagadzirirwa kudzora makwikwi makuru, asi gadziriro yeveto inozivisa kusavimba kunopfuurira.

Kuongorora mhepo, kubudirira kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uye kuchinja kwenzanga sezvaitsvaka kuva pamutemo rutivi rumwe norumwe.

Nhamburiko Dzazvino Uno: Kudzivisa Kuparara Kunotevera

Nyika yose yanhasi , nemibatanidzwa inochinja zvikuru yeIndo-Pacific. Kukwirira kwemienzaniso yenhau yeNATO, uye kukura kwevatambi vasiri venyika .Inzwisiso yakajeka yemawirirano. United States neChina, somuenzaniso, yakavhengana zvikuru mune zvemari asi inowedzera kurangarirana senharo dzemubatanidzwa wezvomubatanidzwa. Kukwikwikwidzana kwavo nedzekare: kusawirirana kwemari, pfungwa, uye kunyora zvamauto. Council paGenetic Revolution restion reswordhective [] inocherekedza kuderera nokumhanya kwebatirana uye kurwisana, kuchiratidza kuti mutsetse wavo wemitsetse pakati pomubiyake navavengi hauna kugadziriswa.

Kufunga kunogona kudzora kutsveyamisa. Kubatanidzwa kwemibatanidzwa yehurumende nguva dzose, kuvaka chivimbo, uye kuparadzaniswa kwokuziva kwezvemari pakakavadzano dzechengeteko kunogona kuderedza ngozi yokukanganisa mamiriro ezvinhu. Kuguma kweHondo Yemashoko pakupedzisira, kuchiyamura nokudzorwa nezvombo uye kurukurirano, kunobvumikisa kuti makwikwi haachinji. Kunzwisisa kuputsika kwenhau inhano yokutanga kukuvaka ukama hwakasimba hunodzivisa rutyo negwinyiro.

mhedziso

Kushandurwa kubva kuvatsigiri kundokwidzana hausi kuputsika kwekamwe kamwe asi muitiro unosundwa nezvichemo zvakaunganidzwa, kusawirirana kwezvivako, uye chisarudzo chomunhu. Kuvambira muAthens neSparta kuenda kumasimba makuru eMirairo yeZuru, muitiro wacho unodzokororwa: kubudirira kunobereka zvinangwa zvakafanana; pfungwa nemhindu; chivimbo chinopera nokunyengera uye njodzi dzenguva yemberi; uye hosha duku dzinoparira moto une ngwavaira. Hondo yeTitans(86) kana kuti inotorwa mukurwisana kukurusa kwenhau kunoitika, inotiparira kuti madziro akasimba pakati pamarudzi anowanzovakwa nemhoshonga dzemibatanidzwa dzakawa. Kudzivisa njodzi dzenguva yemberi, vatungamiriri vanofanira kuziva zviratidzo zvapakuvamba, kudzivisa muedzo wokufunga kwezero, uye kuvandudza zvivako izvo zvinochengeta shamwari dzichiva vavengi vanofa.